Shaoguan 韶关市 Shiukwan | |
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| Seochew | |
     Left to right, top to bottom: Downtown Shaoguan from across theBei River, street scene in central Shaoguan, Shaoyang Tower, the Pagoda of Sixi Temple, aerial view of the city | |
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 Location of Shaoguan City jurisdiction in Guangdong | |
  Shaoguan Location in China | |
| Coordinates (Shaoguan municipal government):24°48′40″N113°35′49″E / 24.811°N 113.597°E /24.811; 113.597 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Guangdong |
| County-level divisions | 10 |
| Municipal seat | Zhenjiang District |
| Government | |
| • CPC Secretary | Jiang Ling (江凌) |
| • Mayor | Luo Weifeng (骆蔚峰) |
| Area | |
| 18,645 km2 (7,199 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 2,870.7 km2 (1,108.4 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,870.7 km2 (1,108.4 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 59 m (194 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
| 2,855,131 | |
| • Density | 150/km2 (400/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,028,460 |
| • Urban density | 360/km2 (930/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,028,460 |
| • Metro density | 360/km2 (930/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 155.4 billion US$ 24.1 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 54,377 US$ 8,429 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Area code | (0)751 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-GD-02 |
| Licence plate prefixes | 粤F |
| Local dialect | Hakka (regional) Cantonese (native; provincial level) |
| MajorNationalities | Han |
| Shaoguan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 "Shaoguan" inTraditional (top) andSimplified (bottom) Chinese characters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 韶关 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 韶關 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Postal | Shiukwan Shiuchow(former) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | Beautiful pass | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Shaoguan is aprefecture-level city in northernGuangdong Province (Yuebei),South China, borderingHunan to the northwest andJiangxi to the northeast. It is home to the mummified remains of the sixthZenBuddhist patriarchHuineng. Its built-up (or metro) area made up of Zhenjiang, Wujiang and Qujiang urban conurbated districts was home to 1,028,460 inhabitants as of the2020 census.[3]
Shaozhou orSeochew was a prefecture under theTang andSong.
In 1589,Matteo Ricci relocated his mission house – the first everJesuit mission in mainland China – to Shaoguan after a fallout with the authorities inZhaoqing. He remained in Shaoguan for a few years, eventually benefiting from Shaoguan's location on the important north–south travel route to establish connections with traveling dignitaries that allowed him to move north, toNanchang,Nanjing, andBeijing.[4]
DuringWorld War II the city, then called Kukong, was the temporary capital of Guangdong Province.
In June 2009,Uyghurs andHan workersclashed at a toy factory in Shaoguan (Shaoguan incident), which was followed by theÜrümqi riots in July.
The main languages spoken are Hakka andShaozhou Tuhua, related to Ping Chinese. Shaozhounese or Seochewese is spoken in Shaozhou city and Hakka (mainly Yetpet and Seunan dialects) are spoken in neighboring counties.
In the past, Seochew culture followed its people outside of themainland China. In the past, the Seochew community was an important part ofNam Định City. They joined right when theFrench protectorate government first built the city. To this day, the most famous specialty ofNam Định City is Seochew candy[5][6][7] (kẹo sìu-châu), sweet-meatxôi[8] (xôi xá-xíu) and sweet-meatpho[9] (phở xá-xíu) which is produced by families with long-standing Seochew roots in the old town area ofNam Định City.
Northwest of Shaoguan, at the town ofPingshi, a stretch of river known as the Nine Torrents and Eighteen Shoals is a popular place for white-water rafting. The city is served byShaoguan Danxia Airport. Besides,Shaoguan University is located in the city.
The Fengcai Tower (风采楼) in the centre of Shaoguan was built in theMing dynasty. To the south of the tower, at the other end of a pedestrian shopping street, the Dajian Monastery was founded in 660.
Near Shaoguan is the town of Maba, home of relics and museum of theMaba Man, Chinese Neanderthals. Near Maba isNanhua Temple, which was founded byHuineng, the Sixth Patriarch ofZen Buddhism.Shaoguan Iron and Steel is also located near Maba.Danxia Mountain is located in Renhua County, Shaoguan.
Shaoguan is the northernmost prefecture-level city of Guangdong, borderingChenzhou (Hunan) to the northwest and north,Ganzhou (Jiangxi) to the northeast,Heyuan to the east,Guangzhou andHuizhou to the south, andQingyuan to the west. It spans latitude 23° 53'−25° 31' N and longitude 112° 53'−114° 45' E.[10] It is situated at the southern end of theNan Mountains (Nan Ling), which primarily run east–west here, and is marked by numerous erosion-created valleys; within its borders lies the 1,902 m (6,240 ft)Mount Shikeng (石坑崆), the highest point in the province. The city is located on theJingguang Railway (Beijing−Guangzhou) about 221 kilometres (137 mi) north of the provincial capital ofGuangzhou. Shaoguan is also readily accessible by road as it is adjacent to theG4 Beijing–Hong Kong and Macau Expressway as well as numerous otherNational Highways.
At Shaoguan, the Wu River from the northwest and the Zhen River from the northeast join up to create the North River (Bei Jiang) which flows south to Guangzhou. The downtown part of Shaoguan is located on a peninsula between the Wu and Zhen Rivers. The rivers are maintained at a constant level by a dam about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) downstream from the city. The city has about 20 kilometres (12 mi) of tree-lined riverside esplanades along the banks of the rivers. There are seven bridges crossing the three rivers.
Shaoguan has direct jurisdiction over 3districts, 2county-level cities and 5counties:
| Map | Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 census) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhenjiang District | 浈江区 | Zhēnjiāng Qū | 393,521 | 572.11 | 688 | ||||||
| Wujiang District | 武江区 | Wǔjiāng Qū | 294,708 | 677.78 | 435 | ||||||
| Qujiang District | 曲江区 | Qǔjiāng Qū | 303,371 | 1,620.77 | 187 | ||||||
| Shixing County | 始兴县 | Shǐxīng Xiàn | 205,452 | 2,131.91 | 96 | ||||||
| Renhua County | 仁化县 | Rénhuà Xiàn | 200,354 | 2,223.22 | 99 | ||||||
| Wengyuan County | 翁源县 | Wēngyuán Xiàn | 331,120 | 2,174.87 | 152 | ||||||
| Xinfeng County | 新丰县 | Xīnfēng Xiàn | 206,091 | 1,967.39 | 105 | ||||||
| Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County | 乳源瑶族自治县 | Rǔyuán Yáozú Zìzhìxiàn | 177,471 | 2,299.01 | 77 | ||||||
| Lechang City | 乐昌市 | Lèchāng Shì | 397,779 | 2,419,28 | 164 | ||||||
| Nanxiong City | 南雄市 | Nánxióng Shì | 316,179 | 2,326,18 | 136 | ||||||
Shaoguan has amonsoon-influencedhumid subtropical climate (KöppenCfa), with short, mild, damp winters, rainy springs, long, hot, and humid summers, and relatively sunny autumns. Due to the city's location far inland, winters are significantly cooler than in the rest of the province, with freezing rain possible in the nearby mountain passes in some years. Winter begins dry and relatively sunny but becomes progressively cloudier and damper. Spring is the cloudiest and wettest season, with the sun shining less than 30% of the time. The annual rainfall is around 1,600 mm (63 in), much of it delivered from April thru June. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 10.3 °C (50.5 °F) in January to 29.0 °C (84.2 °F) in July; the annual mean is 20.5 °C (68.9 °F). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 16% in March to 54% in July, the city receives 1,617 hours of bright sunshine annually.
| Climate data for Shaoguan, elevation 121 m (397 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2020) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.8 (82.0) | 30.5 (86.9) | 32.6 (90.7) | 35.4 (95.7) | 36.4 (97.5) | 38.5 (101.3) | 40.4 (104.7) | 40.3 (104.5) | 38.5 (101.3) | 36.6 (97.9) | 34.0 (93.2) | 28.5 (83.3) | 40.4 (104.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 14.9 (58.8) | 17.2 (63.0) | 19.7 (67.5) | 25.1 (77.2) | 29.0 (84.2) | 31.5 (88.7) | 33.8 (92.8) | 33.7 (92.7) | 31.4 (88.5) | 27.9 (82.2) | 22.8 (73.0) | 17.2 (63.0) | 25.3 (77.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.3 (50.5) | 12.7 (54.9) | 15.6 (60.1) | 20.9 (69.6) | 24.7 (76.5) | 27.3 (81.1) | 28.8 (83.8) | 28.4 (83.1) | 26.2 (79.2) | 22.2 (72.0) | 17.0 (62.6) | 11.7 (53.1) | 20.5 (68.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.2 (45.0) | 9.6 (49.3) | 12.8 (55.0) | 17.8 (64.0) | 21.6 (70.9) | 24.4 (75.9) | 25.4 (77.7) | 24.9 (76.8) | 22.6 (72.7) | 18.1 (64.6) | 13.1 (55.6) | 8.0 (46.4) | 17.1 (62.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −2.5 (27.5) | −2.2 (28.0) | 0.9 (33.6) | 5.7 (42.3) | 12.7 (54.9) | 16.6 (61.9) | 20.1 (68.2) | 20.1 (68.2) | 14.5 (58.1) | 6.3 (43.3) | 1.6 (34.9) | −4.3 (24.3) | −4.3 (24.3) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 78.1 (3.07) | 88.9 (3.50) | 189.7 (7.47) | 207.1 (8.15) | 303.3 (11.94) | 288.5 (11.36) | 151.7 (5.97) | 144.1 (5.67) | 93.3 (3.67) | 46.2 (1.82) | 64.9 (2.56) | 56.9 (2.24) | 1,712.7 (67.42) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 10.9 | 12.1 | 18.6 | 17.0 | 18.3 | 18.7 | 14.1 | 14.0 | 10.3 | 5.9 | 7.6 | 7.8 | 155.3 |
| Average snowy days | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.7 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 77 | 78 | 82 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 77 | 78 | 78 | 73 | 75 | 74 | 78 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 87.2 | 77.7 | 66.8 | 88.5 | 123.9 | 145.8 | 214.1 | 198.8 | 171.9 | 171.4 | 137.5 | 125.8 | 1,609.4 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 26 | 24 | 18 | 23 | 30 | 36 | 51 | 50 | 47 | 48 | 42 | 38 | 36 |
| Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[11][12]NOAA[13] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[14] | |||||||||||||
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