Shanshan County 鄯善县 •پىچان ناھىيىسى Piqan, Pichan | |
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 Sheds for drying grapes in thedesert outside Shanshan | |
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  Shanshan Location of the seat in Xinjiang Show map of Xinjiang Shanshan Shanshan (China) Show map of China | |
| Coordinates:42°52′08″N90°12′47″E / 42.869°N 90.213°E /42.869; 90.213 | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous region | Xinjiang |
| Prefecture-level city | Turpan |
| County seat | Shanshan Town |
| Area | |
• Total | 39,550 km2 (15,270 sq mi) |
| Population (2020)[1] | |
• Total | 242,310 |
| • Density | 6.127/km2 (15.87/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard[a]) |
| Website | www |
| Shanshan County | |||||||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 鄯善县 | ||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 鄯善縣 | ||||||||||
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| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 皮羌县 | ||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 皮羌縣 | ||||||||||
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| Uyghur name | |||||||||||
| Uyghur | پىچان ناھىيىسى | ||||||||||
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Shanshan County (Chinese:鄯善县) as the official romanized name, alsotransliterated from Uyghur asPiqan County (Uyghur:پىچان ناھىيىسى; Chinese:皮羌县), is a county within theXinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administrative jurisdiction of theprefecture-level city ofTurpan. It contains an area of 39,548 km2 (15,270 sq mi), occupying the eastern majority of Turpan. According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 210,000.
The county seat is in Shanshan Town.
The county is named after the ancientShanshan Kingdom, although the kingdom was actually located mostly outside of the borders of the modern county, in theLop Nur area. The place was originally named Piqian, and theGrand coordinator and provincial governor of Xinjiang proposed the name of Shanshan whenGuangxu Emperor decided to set up a county in 1902.[2]
The local geology and the desert climate made it possible to discover a number of important fossil sites in the area, including China's largest cluster of fossilizeddinosaur tracks and China's largestdinosaur.[3]Importantdinosaur sites are associated with theLianmuqin Formation (named afterLianmuqin Town) and theSubashi Formation (named after Subashi Village (42°55′16″N89°44′39″E / 42.9212°N 89.7441°E /42.9212; 89.7441) inTuyugou Township (吐峪沟乡).[4] TheShanshanosaurus is named after Shanshan.
In 2008–2011, a team of German and Chinese paleontologists discovered and studied an "enormous" accumulation ofJurassic turtle fossils at a site they nicknamed "Mesa Chelonia", approximately 25 km (16 mi) NNE of Shanshan Town. It is estimated that at least 1,800 skeletons of freshwater turtles, preliminary identified as belonging to theAnnemys species were buried in thisbone bed, in astratigraphic layer probably belonging to theQigu Formation. The researchers suggest that during a drought the turtles congregating at one of the few remaining water sources, and died there once that last water hole dried out. Then the skeletons were transported to the present location by adebris flow during a catastrophic rainfall event, forming aKonzentrat-Lagerstätte.[5][6]
According to the paleontologist Walter Joyce, the Shanshan find has more than doubled the total number of Jurassic turtle specimens known to science.[6] The excavated fossils have been transported to Shanshan Town, where they will be housed in the county museum (currently under construction).[5]
On January 6, 2009, five well-preserved mummies of ethnicHan men who lived during theQing dynasty were excavated at a construction site near theFlaming Mountains in the county.[7]
In June 2013, an incident in Lukchun lead to the deaths of dozens.[8]
Shanshan County is divided into 7towns, 2townships, 1ethnic township and 2 other township-level divisions.
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Administrative division code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Towns | ||||||
| Shanshan Town | 鄯善镇 | Shànshàn Zhèn | پىچان شەھەر بازىرى | Pichan sheher baziri | 650421100 | |
| Chiqtim Town (Qiketai Town) | 七克台镇 | Qīkètái Zhèn | چىقتىم بازىرى | Chiqtim baziri | 650421101 | |
| Railway Station Town | 火车站镇 | Huǒchēzhàn Zhèn | پويىز ئىستانسىسى بازىرى | Poyiz Istansisi baziri | 650421102 | |
| Lemjin Town (Lianmuqin Town) | 连木沁镇 | Liánmùqìn Zhèn | لەمجىن بازىرى | Lemjin baziri | 650421103 | |
| Lükchün Town (Lukeqin Town) | 鲁克沁镇 | Lǔkèqìn Zhèn | لۈكچۈن بازىرى | Lükchün baziri | 650421104 | |
| Pichan Town | 辟展镇 | Pìzhǎn Zhèn | پىچان ئەتراپى بازىرى | Pichan etrapi baziri | 650421105 | |
| Dighar Town | 迪坎镇 | Díkǎn Zhèn | دىغار بازىرى | Dighar baziri | 650421106 | |
| Ethnic township | ||||||
| Dungbazar Hui Ethnic Township | 东巴扎回族乡 | Dōngbāzhā Huízú Xiāng | دۇڭبازار خۇيزۇ يېزىسى | Dungbazar xuyzu yëzisi | 650421201 | |
| Townships | ||||||
| Tuyuq Township (Tuyugou Township) | 吐峪沟乡 | Tǔyùgōu Xiāng | تۇيۇق يېزىسى | Tuyuq yëzisi | 650421202 | |
| Dalankariz Township (Dalangkan Township) | 达朗坎乡 | Dálǎngkǎn Xiāng | دالانكارىز يېزىسى | Dalankariz yëzisi | 650421203 | |
| Township-level divisions | ||||||
| Nanshan Mining District | 南山矿区 | Nánshān Kuàngqū | نەنسەن كانچىلىق رايونى | Nensen kanchiliq rayoni | 650421400 | |
| Shanshan Horticultural Ground | 园艺场 | Yuányìchǎng | باغۋەنچىلىك مەيدانى | Baghwenchilik meydani | 650421401 | |
Biratar Bulak is a spring in the southern part of the county.[9][10]
| Climate data for Shanshan, elevation 399 m (1,309 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1991–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 8.0 (46.4) | 17.3 (63.1) | 29.3 (84.7) | 38.5 (101.3) | 40.9 (105.6) | 45.5 (113.9) | 46.5 (115.7) | 46.2 (115.2) | 41.2 (106.2) | 32.9 (91.2) | 20.5 (68.9) | 9.8 (49.6) | 46.5 (115.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −2.8 (27.0) | 5.8 (42.4) | 16.0 (60.8) | 25.3 (77.5) | 31.4 (88.5) | 36.3 (97.3) | 38.0 (100.4) | 36.7 (98.1) | 30.8 (87.4) | 21.1 (70.0) | 9.4 (48.9) | −0.8 (30.6) | 20.6 (69.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −9.4 (15.1) | −1.7 (28.9) | 8.2 (46.8) | 17.3 (63.1) | 23.2 (73.8) | 28.3 (82.9) | 29.7 (85.5) | 27.9 (82.2) | 21.1 (70.0) | 11.5 (52.7) | 1.9 (35.4) | −7.0 (19.4) | 12.6 (54.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −14.4 (6.1) | −7.7 (18.1) | 1.2 (34.2) | 9.7 (49.5) | 15.2 (59.4) | 20.5 (68.9) | 22.2 (72.0) | 20.3 (68.5) | 13.8 (56.8) | 5.1 (41.2) | −3.3 (26.1) | −11.4 (11.5) | 5.9 (42.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −24.7 (−12.5) | −22.2 (−8.0) | −11.9 (10.6) | −2.7 (27.1) | 3.4 (38.1) | 9.0 (48.2) | 12.4 (54.3) | 8.8 (47.8) | 1.3 (34.3) | −5.6 (21.9) | −13.5 (7.7) | −23.7 (−10.7) | −24.7 (−12.5) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 1.4 (0.06) | 0.8 (0.03) | 1.2 (0.05) | 2.1 (0.08) | 2.3 (0.09) | 4.7 (0.19) | 5.1 (0.20) | 3.5 (0.14) | 1.9 (0.07) | 1.9 (0.07) | 0.7 (0.03) | 1.1 (0.04) | 26.7 (1.05) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 4.1 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 17.4 |
| Average snowy days | 3.5 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 2.7 | 8 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 61 | 45 | 29 | 27 | 29 | 33 | 37 | 38 | 41 | 50 | 52 | 59 | 42 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 182.8 | 208.4 | 260.0 | 281.5 | 321.3 | 319.8 | 315.0 | 316.1 | 294.3 | 267.3 | 199.5 | 166.9 | 3,132.9 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 62 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 70 | 70 | 69 | 75 | 80 | 80 | 70 | 60 | 70 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[11][12] | |||||||||||||
| Nationality | Percentage | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uyghurs | 75.0% | |||
| Han | 19.9% | |||
| Hui | 4.8% | |||
| Others | 0.3% | |||
| Source of the population statistics :[13] | ||||
Shanshan is served byChina National Highway 312, theLanzhou–Xinjiang Railway andShanshan Airport.
Shanshan{...}Biratar Bulak
