Shaker Heights, Ohio | |
|---|---|
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 Location in Cuyahoga County, Ohio | |
  Shaker Heights  Shaker Heights | |
| Coordinates:41°28′35″N81°33′6″W / 41.47639°N 81.55167°W /41.47639; -81.55167 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Ohio |
| County | Cuyahoga |
| Established | 1911 |
| Incorporated | 1912 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | David Weiss (D) |
| Area | |
• Total | 6.33 sq mi (16.40 km2) |
| • Land | 6.29 sq mi (16.29 km2) |
| • Water | 0.042 sq mi (0.11 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,050 ft (320 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 29,439 |
| • Density | 4,679.3/sq mi (1,806.68/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP codes | 44118, 44120, 44122 |
| Area code | 216 |
| FIPS code | 39-71682[3] |
| GNIS feature ID | 1065308[2] |
| Website | www |
Shaker Heights is a city inCuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. The population was 29,439 at the2020 census. Shaker Heights is an inner-ringstreetcar suburb ofCleveland, abutting the eastern edge of the city's limits. It is aplanned community developed by theVan Sweringen brothers, railroad moguls who envisioned the community as a suburban retreat from the industrial inner city of Cleveland.
Shaker Heights is home to the oldest house in Cuyahoga County, built in 1817 by Moses Warren.[4] The name "Shaker Heights" has origins in two local sources. The community was laid out on land formerly owned by the North Union Community of the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, more commonly known asShakers. "Heights" refers to theplateau east of Cleveland that rises sharply in elevation from 582 feet above sea level at the base of the Cedar Glen Parkway rising to 950 feet above sea level in nearbyCleveland Heights; Shaker Heights' elevation is 1,050 feet above sea level.
Ralph Russell established theNorth Union Shaker Settlement in 1822 with just over 80 individuals. Between 1826 and 1854, the group dammed Doan Brook, which made Upper and Lower Lake, and established threegrist and asawmills.[5] The colony peaked around 1850 with about 300 settlers, but subsequently faded away and was closed in 1889.[6]
In 1905, the land was bought by brothers M.J. and O.P.Van Sweringen who envisioned the firstgarden styled suburb in Ohio for the site.[6] The brothers constructed homes, set aside land forchurches and schools, and planted trees. Originally referred to as Shaker Village, the community was incorporated in 1912 and reached city status in 1931.[7]
Shaker Heights is known for its stringentbuilding codes andzoning laws, which have helped to maintain the community's housing stock and identity throughout the years.[8] Approximately seventy-five percent of the city of Shaker Heights is listed on theNational Register of Historic Places as theShaker Village Historic District.[9]
Efforts toward racial integration began in the late 1950s, with neighbors in the Ludlow Elementary School area working together to make integration successful.[10] As a result, Shaker Heights avoided many of the problems created from practices such asblockbusting andwhite flight. In 1986, the city began the Fund for the Future of Shaker Heights, which offered loans for down payments for residents buying homes in segregated neighborhoods, which helped to create multi-ethnic neighborhoods.[11] Today, the city maintains a housing assistance office that works with home buyers to achieve and maintain neighborhood integration.
Shaker Heights was a finalist for theAll-America City Award in 1989.[12]
Shaker Heights is located at41°28′35″N81°33′6″W / 41.47639°N 81.55167°W /41.47639; -81.55167.[13] According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.32 square miles (16.37 km2), of which 6.28 square miles (16.27 km2) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) is water.[14]
Shaker Heights is roughly 1,050 feet (320 m) abovesea level,[2] and is located about 6 miles (10 km) inland fromLake Erie. Shaker Heights is drained by the Doan Brook watershed, and has several small artificial lakes: Horseshoe Lake, Green Lake, Lower Shaker Lake, and Marshall Lake.[15] Horseshoe Lake and Lower Shaker Lake had been dammed by the Shakers, while developers added Green Lake and Marshall Lake, the latter named after drugstore chain owner W. A. Marshall, at a later point.[16]
Shaker Heights is one ofGreater Cleveland's older inner-ring or "first" suburbs, and bordersCleveland,Cleveland Heights,University Heights,Beachwood,Highland Hills, andWarrensville Heights.[17] Shaker Heights is a member of the Northeast Ohio First Suburbs Consortium.[18]
There are nine neighborhoods in Shaker Heights, all of which were named after the nine original elementary schools.[19] These neighborhoods are:
Shaker Square is in the city of Cleveland, though a September 1912 agreement between Shaker Heights and Cleveland school districts places it in the Shaker Heights City School District.
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1920 | 1,616 | — | |
| 1930 | 17,783 | 1,000.4% | |
| 1940 | 23,393 | 31.5% | |
| 1950 | 28,222 | 20.6% | |
| 1960 | 36,460 | 29.2% | |
| 1970 | 36,306 | −0.4% | |
| 1980 | 32,487 | −10.5% | |
| 1990 | 30,831 | −5.1% | |
| 2000 | 29,405 | −4.6% | |
| 2010 | 28,448 | −3.3% | |
| 2020 | 29,439 | 3.5% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[21] | |||
As of the2010 census,[22] there were 28,448 people, 11,840 households, and 7,716 families residing in the city. Thepopulation density was 4,529.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,749.0/km2). There were 13,318 housing units at an average density of 2,120.7 per square mile (818.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 55.0%White, 37.1%African American, 0.1%Native American, 4.6%Asian, 0.6% fromother races, and 2.7% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 2.2% of the population.
There were 11,840 households, of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.8% weremarried couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.8% were non-families. 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.03.
The median age in the city was 40.9 years. 26.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.1% were from 25 to 44; 29% were from 45 to 64; and 15.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 45.2% male and 54.8% female.
The median income for a household in the city was $76,476, and the median income for a family was $105,660. Theper capita income for the city was $47,360. About 5.3% of families and 8.6% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 8.1% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.[23][24] The unemployment rate in the city is 5.4%, one of the lowest rates for individual cities included in data provided by theOhio Department of Job and Family Services.[25]
About 93.5% of residents speakEnglish natively at home, while 1.6% speakSpanish, 1.2% speakFrench, 0.7% speakChinese, and 3.0% speak another language, includingGerman,Russian andArabic.[26]
Educationally, Shaker Heights is above the national, state, and local averages for residents who have attained a bachelor's, master's, or above a master's degree. As of the 2010 Census, 64.5% of the city's population over the age of 25 had obtained a college degree compared to 28.6% of the same population in Cuyahoga County, 24.1% statewide, and 27.9% nationally.[27]
The Shaker Heights City Charter was adopted in 1931 and revised in 1974, 1986, and 1999. Thischarter provides for amayor and seven members of acity council, elected on anat-large, non-partisan basis. The current mayor of Shaker Heights is David Weiss. He was elected in 2018 after serving briefly as interim mayor to fulfill the term of the previous three-term mayor Earl Leiken, who resigned to take the position ofchief of staff withCuyahoga County ExecutiveArmond Budish.[28] In 2019, David Weiss ran unopposed and was re-elected to a four-year term as mayor.[29] He was re-elected to a second full term in a landslide in 2023.[30] Council members are elected to four-year terms, with four of the elections coinciding with mayoral elections and the other three two years later in order to stagger terms.[31]
TheNeo-Georgian city hall, designed byCharles Schneider, was built in 1930.[32]Over the years it has hosted 12 Keys to the city ceremonies starting in 1935 to Oris Paxton Van Sweringen and ending in 1993 to Dean Yoder.
Shaker Heights is a stronghold of theDemocratic Party, withJoe Biden winning nearly 90% of vote in themost recent Presidential election.[33] Shaker Heights is entirely within theEleventh Congressional District, a seat in theHouse of Representatives, represented byShontel Brown (D).[34] At the state level, Shaker Heights is located within the21st senatorial district, represented byKent Smith (D) in theOhio Senate, and in the 22nd District of theOhio House of Representatives, represented byJuanita Brent (D).[35]
Publicly, Shaker Heights is served by theShaker Heights City School District,[37] aK-12 district with an enrollment of about 5,600 students in eight total schools. There are five lowerelementary schools, Fernway, Mercer, Boulevard, Lomond and Onaway; an upper elementary school, Woodbury Elementary School;Shaker Heights Middle School; andShaker Heights High School. The district estimates that roughly 90% of Shaker graduates attend college,[38] and has been recognized for its efforts to increase neighborhoodintegration.[39] In the 1950s, the public school system was rated in the top ten nationally. According to the 2007-2008 State of Ohio Report Card, Shaker scored 97.1 out of a possible 120. The district is listed as "Effective," the third tier on a 6 tier scale.[40] On the other hand, since 1995, 9-17% of seniors atShaker Heights High School have been recipients ofNational Merit Scholarship awards,[41] and in 2008, the high school had twice as many National Merit Scholarship winners as any other public school in the state.[42] This can possibly be explained in a 2009 survey of the school, which said that Shaker Heights High School "is really two schools – one school with students in an outstanding Advanced Placement program and one school with students with academic needs."[43]
Private schools in the city includeLaurel School,Hathaway Brown School, and the lower campus ofUniversity School. There is also aparochial school in Shaker, St. Dominic School.[44]
John Carroll University is partially located in Shaker Heights, with the university owning several residential and commercial properties in the city.[45] Additionally, Shaker Heights is in proximity to University Circle, which is home toCase Western Reserve University, TheCleveland Institute of Art, and theCleveland Institute of Music.
The Japanese Language School ofCleveland (クリーブランド日本語補習校,Kurīburando Nihongo Hoshūkō), aweekend Japanese school, holds its classes at the Shaker Heights campus of the Laurel School.[46]
Shaker Heights is thecity of license forCBS affiliateWOIO, channel 19, which has its studios and offices in Cleveland.[47]Shaker Heights news appears in the Cleveland daily newspaper,The Plain Dealer, as well asThe Shakerite, the Shaker Heights High School student newspaper. TheSun Press, a weekly, provides local coverage of Shaker Heights and neighboringBeachwood,Cleveland Heights, andUniversity Heights.[48]
Twolight rail lines of theGCRTA pass through and terminate in Shaker Heights. TheBlue Line cuts through the median of Van Aken Boulevard, while theGreen Line cuts through the median of Shaker Boulevard. The Blue and Green lines provide direct rail service to Cleveland, and are each the direct successors of former streetcar services established in 1920 and 1913 respectively. The city of Shaker Heights directly owned and operated theseShaker Heights Rapid Transit services between 1944 and 1975.[49]
Shaker Heights is the hometown ofHow I Met Your Mother protagonistTed Mosby (despite being attributed toCleveland on occasion),[50]Ward Cleaver from the TV seriesLeave it to Beaver,[51] and theWorld Wrestling Federation'sBeverly Brothers.[52]
The city is the principal setting forCeleste Ng’s bookLittle Fires Everywhere, as well as itsTV adaptation.[53][54]Shaker Heights and its history are also the setting and a main plot point inNo One's Home byD.M. Pulley.[55]
Shaker Heights is the setting of the song called "Frankenguest" in the musicalDear Edwina.
郵便宛先： JAPANESE LANGUAGE SCHOOL OF CLEVELAND C/o Laurel School 1 Lyman Circle, Shaker Heights, OH. 44122
Municipalities and communities ofCuyahoga County, Ohio,United States | ||
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| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
Places adjacent to Shaker Heights, Ohio | |
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