| Nazmiyye (1913–1935) Shahrbani (1935–1991) | |
|---|---|
 Official seal until 1979 | |
 1979–1991 | |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | 22 June 1913 |
| Dissolved | 1 April 1991 |
| Superseding agency | Police Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran |
| Jurisdictional structure | |
| National agency | Iran |
| Operations jurisdiction | Iran |
| General nature | |
| Operational structure | |
| Headquarters | Tehran |
| Parent agency | Ministry of Interior |
Shahrbani (Persian:شهربانیShahrbâni[ˌʃæhɹbɒːˈniː];lit. 'City Police'), formerly calledNazmiyeh (نظمیهNazmiyye[næzmiːˈje];lit. 'Order Service'), was alaw enforcement force in Iran with police duties inside cities. Founded during theQajar era, it was eventually merged in 1991 with theIranian Gendarmerie and theIslamic Revolution Committees to form thePolice Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Faraja).[1]
The institutional foundations of the Shahrbani were established in the early twentieth century, when Iran’s urban police were reorganized from locally based Nazmiyeh units into a more centralized national system.[2] Between 1911 and 1935, spanning the lateQajar (1789-1925) and earlyPahlavi (1925-1979) periods, successive governments sought to professionalize law enforcement using European models while promoting Iranian control and nationalization.[3] Early reforms were introduced by foreign officers, including Count Monteforte ofAustria-Hungary and laterSwedish police advisers, whose role ended once Reza Shah expelled foreign instructors as part of his program of centralization.[4] During this period, police academies and new investigative units were created, and the professional journal Nazmiyeh began publication, serving as a medium for technical instruction and moral training.[5] These reforms transformed policing from a local, mediatory institution into a hierarchical, state-run national service that came to be known as theShahrbani-ye koll-e keshvar (National Police).[3]
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