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Shaannan (simplified Chinese:陕南;traditional Chinese:陝南;pinyin:Shǎnnán) orSouthern Shaanxi refers to the portion ofChina'sShaanxi province south of theQinling Mountains. Its name derives from the province's abbreviation "Shaan" (陕) combined with the word "Nan" (南, lit. "south"), its geographical location within the province.
In theYuan Dynasty, the area began to be merged with what is theGuanzhong Plain to form Shaanxi province. The Qinling Mountains, as a geographic barrier, has also created major differences in climate, cultural traditions anddialects between Shaannan and the other parts of Shaanxi, and thus there is some similarity between Shaannan and Sichuan.
The region is mountainous, and was historically part of theBa–Shu region. It is geographically considered part of theSichuan Basin's northern fringe and the threeprefectural cities in the Shaannan region are mainly based along thevalleys anddrainage basins of theHan River'stributaries, all part of theYangtzeriver system. The only exception is theLuonan County in northernShangluo, which is based around the upperLuo River and is part of theYellow River system.
The Shaannan dialects belongs to theNorthern Chinese group, and forms a transition between theSouthwestern andCentral Plains dialects. For the most part, the native dialects of Shaannan are divided into the Qinlong andGuanzhong groups of the Central Plains dialect. TheSichuanese group of the Southwestern dialect are mostly "guest dialects" brought in by large influx of migrants fromHubei,Hunan and northernGuangdong during the earlyMing and earlyQing dynasties.
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