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Shö language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Myanmar, Bangladesh and India
Shö
Native toMyanmar, Bangladesh
EthnicityAsho Chin
Native speakers
180,000 (2024)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3csh
Glottologasho1236

Shö, orAsho, is aKuki-Chin language of Myanmar, with a few thousand speakers in Bangladesh.

A written script was developed by Rev. Lyman Stilson in 1842.[2]

Geographical distribution

[edit]

Asho is spoken inAyeyarwady Region,Bago Region, andMagway Region, andRakhine State, Myanmar. VanBik (2009:38)[3] lists the following Asho dialects.

Phonology

[edit]

Asho (K'Chò) has 26 to 30 consonants and ten to eleven vowels depending on the dialect.

Asho consonant phonemes in the Hill dialect[4]
LabialDental/
Alveolar
PalatalVelarGlottal
Plosiveplainpkʔ
aspiratedt̪ʰ
implosiveɓɗ
Nasalvoicedmnɲŋ
voicelessɲ̊ŋ̊
Fricativeplainsʃh
aspiratedɦ
lateralɬ
Approximantwlj
  • Voiced plosives /b d ɡ z/ are only heard in the Plains dialect.
  • In the Plains dialect, dental plosives /t̪ t̪ʰ/ are pronounced as alveolar [t tʰ], along with /d/ being only alveolar.
  • Velar plosives /k kʰ/ may be palatalized as affricates [tʃ tʃʰ] before front vowels.
  • In some dialects a voiceless[] is heard in place of /ʃ/.
  • /j/ may also be heard as a fricative[ʒ] in free variation among dialects.
Vowels
FrontCentralBack
Closei /ˠiʉu
Near-closeɪʏʊ
Close-mide(ə̆)ɤo
Open-midɛɔ
Opena

Diphthongs:ei,ai,au

  • Sounds /ʏ ʉ/ only occur in the Hill dialect. In the Plains dialect, /ʊ u/ is heard in place of /ʏ ʉ/.
  • A shortened [ə̆] is heard in unstressed syllables.
  • /ɤ/ can sometimes be heard as more central[ɘ].
  • A prevelarized /ˠi/ occurs in the Plains dialect.

Morphology

[edit]

Similar to other Kukish languages, many Asho verbs have two distinct stems. This stem alternation is a Proto-Kukish feature, which has been retained to different degrees in different Kukish languages.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Shö atEthnologue (25th ed., 2022)Closed access icon
  2. ^Lian, Salai Van Cung; Salem-Gervais, Nicolas (November 2020)."How Many Chin Languages Should Be Taught in Government Schools? Ongoing developments and structural challenges of language-in-education policy in Chin State".Parami Journal of Education.1 (1).
  3. ^VanBik, Kenneth (2009).Proto-Kuki-Chin: A Reconstructed Ancestor of the Kuki-Chin Languages. UC Berkeley.ISBN 0-944613-47-0.
  4. ^Tignor, Daniel (2018).A Phonology of Hill (kone-Tu) Asho (MA thesis). University of North Dakota.
  5. ^Kee Shein Mang (2006).A Syntactic and Pragmatic Description of Verb Stem Alternation in K’chò, a Chin Language(PDF) (MA thesis). Payap University. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2012-05-26.
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