Insupersymmetric extension to theStandard Model (SM) ofphysics, asfermion is a hypotheticalspin-0superpartner particle (sparticle) of its associatedfermion.^[1][2] Each particle has a superpartner with spin that differs by⁠1/2⁠. Fermions in the SM havespin-⁠1/2⁠ and, therefore, sfermions have spin 0.^[3][4]

The name 'sfermion' was formed by the general rule of prefixing an 's' to the name of its superpartner, denoting that it is ascalar particle with spin 0. For instance, theelectron's superpartner is theselectron and thetop quark's superpartner is thestop squark.

One corollary from supersymmetry is that sparticles have the samegauge numbers as their SM partners. This means that sparticle–particle pairs have the samecolor charge,weak isospin charge, andhypercharge (and consequentlyelectric charge). Unbroken supersymmetry also implies that sparticle–particle pairs have the same mass. This is evidently not the case, since these sparticles would have already been detected. Thus, sparticles must have different masses from the particle partners and supersymmetry is said to be broken.^[5][6]

Squarks (also quarkinos)^[7] are the superpartners ofquarks. These include the sup squark, sdown squark, scharm squark, sstrange squark,stop squark, and sbottom squark.

Squarks

Squark	Symbol	Associated quark	Symbol
First generation
Sup squark	${\displaystyle \tilde{u}}$	Up quark	${\displaystyle u}$
Sdown squark	${\displaystyle \tilde{d}}$	Down quark	${\displaystyle d}$
Second generation
Scharm squark	${\displaystyle \tilde{c}}$	Charm quark	${\displaystyle c}$
Sstrange squark	${\displaystyle \tilde{s}}$	Strange quark	${\displaystyle s}$
Third generation
Stop squark	${\displaystyle \tilde{t}}$	Top quark	${\displaystyle t}$
Sbottom squark	${\displaystyle \tilde{b}}$	Bottom quark	${\displaystyle b}$

Sleptons are the superpartners ofleptons. These include the selectron, smuon, stau, and their corresponding sneutrino flavors.^[8]

Sleptons

Slepton	Symbol	Associated lepton	Symbol
First generation
Selectron	${\displaystyle \tilde{e}}$	Electron	${\displaystyle e}$
Selectron sneutrino	${\displaystyle {\tilde{\nu }}_e}$	Electron neutrino	${\displaystyle {\nu }_e}$
Second generation
Smuon	${\displaystyle \tilde{\mu }}$	Muon	${\displaystyle \mu }$
Smuon sneutrino	${\displaystyle {\tilde{\nu }}_{\mu }}$	Muon neutrino	${\displaystyle {\nu }_{\mu }}$
Third generation
Stau	${\displaystyle \tilde{\tau }}$	Tau	${\displaystyle \tau }$
Stau sneutrino	${\displaystyle {\tilde{\nu }}_{\tau }}$	Tau neutrino	${\displaystyle {\nu }_{\tau }}$

• Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM)

• Martin, Stephen, P. (2011). "A Supersymmetry Primer".Perspectives on Supersymmetry. Advanced Series on Directions in High Energy Physics. Vol. 18. pp. 1–98.arXiv:hep-ph/9709356.doi:10.1142/9789812839657_0001.ISBN 978-981-02-3553-6.S2CID 118973381.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

• Supersymmetric quantum field theory
• Hypothetical elementary particles
• Bosons
• Subatomic particles with spin 0

• Articles with short description
• Short description matches Wikidata
• CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list