| Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge | |
|---|---|
IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area) | |
 A group of pronghorns frolicking | |
   | |
| Location | Socorro County, New Mexico,USA |
| Nearest city | Socorro, New Mexico |
| Coordinates | 34°20′00″N106°50′00″W / 34.33333°N 106.83333°W /34.33333; -106.83333 |
| Established | 1973 (1973) |
| Governing body | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service |
| Website | Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge |
TheSevilleta National Wildlife Refuge is a protected area ofNew Mexico managed by theUnited States Fish and Wildlife Service as part of theNational Wildlife Refuge System. It is located in the far northern fringes of theChihuahuan Desert, 20 miles north ofSocorro, New Mexico. TheRio Salado and theRio Grande flow through the refuge.
The area that is now the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge was inhabited by thePiro Pueblo prior toSpanish arrival in 1598 in what is now the southwestern part of theUnited States.El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, which passed through the area, was the main transportation route fromSanta Fe, New Mexico toMexico City, Mexico.
In 1680, GovernorAntonio de Otermin of Santa Fe retreated through the area toEl Paso during thePueblo Revolt. By this time, the Piro Pueblo, as well as many otherPueblos, were already abandoned due to Spaniard encroachment.
After the Piro were gone, the Spanish built a military post called "New Sevilla" on the site. This post became an important stop on El Camino Real and was at various times named "Joya de Sevilleta" and "La Jolla,".[1]
TheSevilleta de la JoyaLand Grant was given to the people of Sevilleta by the Governor of New Mexico prior to Mexican independence from Spain in 1821. The area passed from Mexican to United States control as a result of theMexican–American War.
Socorro county bought this land in a public sale in 1928, because taxes on land could not be paid by the community that owned the land grant.[2] In 1936, General Thomas Campbell bought this land from Socorro County and used it as a cattle ranch. In 1966, shortly before his death, Campbell established a foundation that eventually decided to preserve the land of Sevilleta by creating a wildlife refuge. In 1973 the foundation gave the land toThe Nature Conservancy, which in turn gave it to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. On December 28, 1973, the 230,000 acre Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge was established.[3]
Four major biomes unite in Sevilleta: Pinon-Juniper Woodlands, Colorado Plateau Shrub-Steppe, Chihuahuan Desert, and Great Plains Grasslands.
The refuge currently hosts the Sevilleta Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program, conducted by theUniversity of New Mexico.[2] This program has produced a number of studies documenting and characterizing the ecology and microbiota of the refuge.[4]
The Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge has some areas set aside for scientific research, and permits to conduct research are available.[5] Limited hunting ofdoves andwaterfowl is permitted.[6] Most, but not all, of the refuge is off limits to the public and its development is left to nature. Use such ashiking andphotography are permitted in some areas. There are over seven miles of trails open sunrise to sunset.Picnicking andcamping are not permitted anywhere in the refuge.[7]
The endangeredsouthwestern willow flycatcher migrates to the refuge fromMexico andCentral America from May to September.[7]
