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Sergey Alekseyevich Chaplygin | |
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| Born | (1869-04-05)5 April 1869 Ranenburg, Russian Empire |
| Died | 8 October 1942(1942-10-08) (aged 73) Novosibirsk, Soviet Union |
| Alma mater | Moscow University |
| Known for | mechanics |
| Awards | Hero of Socialist Labour (1941) Orders of Lenin (1933, 1941) Order of the Red Banner of Labour (1927,?) Zhukovsky Prize (1925) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Mechanical |
| Institutions | TsAGI,Moscow University, etc. |
| Doctoral advisor | Nikolay Zhukovsky |
| Doctoral students | Nikolai Kochin |
Sergey Alexeyevich Chaplygin (Russian:Серге́й Алексе́евич Чаплы́гин; 5 April 1869 – 8 October 1942) was a Russian andSovietphysicist,mathematician, and mechanicalengineer. He is known for mathematical formulas such asChaplygin's equation and for a hypothetical substance incosmology calledChaplygin gas, named after him.[1]
He graduated in 1890 fromMoscow University, and later became a professor. He taught mechanical engineering atMoscow Higher Courses for Women in 1901, and of applied mathematics at Moscow School of Technology, 1903. He was appointed Director of the courses in 1905.Leonid I. Sedov was one of his students.
Chaplygin's theories were greatly inspired byN. Ye. Zhukovsky, who founded theCentral Institute of Aerodynamics. His early research focused onhydromechanics. His "Collected Works", consisting of 4 volumes, were published in 1948.[1]
Chaplygin was born to Aleksei Timofeevich Chaplygin, a shop assistant, and Anna Petrovna in Ranenburg (present dayChaplygin), Russia. After his father died when he was 2 years old, his mother remarried a tradesman and they moved toVoronezh. There, he attended the Voronezh Gymnasium, which he graduated in 1886.[1]
Soon after, he attended the Moscow University, specializing in Physics and Mathematics, which he graduated from in 1890. There he met and was strongly influenced by Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky. In 1893, he published his first work,On certain cases of the motion of a solid body in a fluid, for which he received the N. D. Brashman Award.[2]
After graduating from the university, he went on to become a professor there. In 1897, he publishedOn the motion of a heavy body of revolution in a horizontal plane,[3] which was the first to present the general equation of motion of anonholonomic system. This equation is a generalisation ofLagrange's equation. In 1899, he was awarded the Gold Medal of theSt. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.[citation needed]
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Chaplygin died of abrain haemorrhage in October 1942.[1]
Chaplygin was elected to theRussian Academy of Sciences (the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1925-1991) in 1924.
The lunar craterChaplygin and townChaplygin are named in his honour.[1]
