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Senate of Finland

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Historical government body in Finland from 1816 to 1918
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Imperial Senate of Finland

Keisarillinen Suomen senaatti (Finnish)
Императорский Финский Сенат (Russian)
Kejserliga senaten för Finland (Swedish)
Coat of arms or logo
Type
Type
History
Founded18 August 1809 (1809-08-18)
Disbanded27 November 1918; 107 years ago (1918-11-27)
Succeeded byFinnish Government
Supreme Court
Supreme Administrative Court
Leadership
Chairman
Supreme Justice
The Senate building at theSenate Square in centralHelsinki

TheSenate of Finland (Finnish:Suomen senaatti;Swedish:Senaten för Finland) combined the functions ofcabinet andsupreme court in theGrand Duchy of Finland from 1816 to 1917 and in independentFinland from 1917 to 1918.[1][2]

The body that would become the Senate was established on August 18, 1809, whenTsarAlexander I of Russia summoned theDiet of Porvoo and directed theDiet to draw up regulations for a Government Council.[3][4] In 1816, Alexander renamed this body theSenate to demonstrate that it was equal to rather than inferior toits Russian equivalent.[5]

The coat of arms of the Imperial Finnish Senate.

After theFebruary Revolution in Russia the Vice Chairman of the Economic Division became the Chairman of the Senate. Due to theCivil War in 1918 the Senate was relocated to the town ofVaasa from January 29 to May 3.

In 1918 the economic division became theCabinet and the judicial division became theSupreme Court and theSupreme Administrative Court of the independent Finland. The vice chairman of the economic division became thePrime Minister of Finland, and the other senators becameministers. Finland became a republic in 1919.

Vice Chairman of the Economic Division (1822–1917)

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CountCarl Erik Mannerheim (1759–1837), technically the first "Prime Minister of Finland", has later also become known as great grandfather of MarshalCarl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (President of Finland 1944–1946).[6]

Chairmen of the Senate (1917–1918)

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See also

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References

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  1. ^Eerola, Esko."Keisarillisen Suomen Senaatti".Eskoff. Retrieved25 June 2020.
  2. ^"Valtioneuvoston historiaa".Valtioneuvosto. Archived fromthe original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved25 June 2020.
  3. ^Jutikkala, Eino and Pirinen, Kauko.A History of Finland. Dorset Press, 1988 p. 162.ISBN 0-88029-260-1
  4. ^Titus Hjelm & George Maude:Historical Dictionary of Finland, p. 296.
  5. ^Jutikkala, Eino and Pirinen, Kauko.A History of Finland. Dorset Press, 1988 p. 163.ISBN 0-88029-260-1
  6. ^Mannerheimin syntymästä 149 vuotta (in Finnish)
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