Upper house of the legislature of Haiti
TheSenate (French :Sénat ,Haitian Creole :Sena ) is theupper house ofHaiti 'sbicameral legislature , theHaitian Parliament . Thelower house of the Haitian Parliament is theChamber of Deputies . The Senate consists of thirty seats, with three members from each of the ten administrativedepartments . Prior to the creation of the department ofNippes in 2003, there were twenty-seven seats. Senators are elected by popular vote to six-year terms, with one-third elected every two years. There are noterm limits for senators; they may be re-elected indefinitely.
After theelections of 2000 , twenty-six of the then twenty-seven seats were held byJean-Bertrand Aristide 'sFanmi Lavalas party. The Senate was not in session following theoverthrow of Aristide's government in February 2004. An interim government was put in place following the rebellion, and the remaining senators were not recognised during that time. The Senate was re-established and elections were held on 21 April 2006. The next elections were scheduled to occur in 2008, when one-third of the Senate seats was opened.
In 2015, the Senate was reduced to only 10 members and the chamber of deputies was closed because the elections to replace one-third of the senators and all of the deputies in 2013 were delayed indefinitely causing senators and deputies to finish their term in January 2015 without any replacement. This led to a dysfunctional National assembly. In the2015 parliamentary elections these two-thirds were filled with new elected members, completing the 30 senators.[ 2]
In January 2020, the number of lawmakers retaining their Senate seats was again reduced to 10 asPresident Jovenel Moïse failed to hold elections in time to replace the others, whose terms expired beforehis assassination .[ 3] [ 4] Following the expiration of the terms of these remaining senators on 10 January 2023, Haiti has not elected members of either chamber of its Parliament.[ 5]
Presidents of the Senate [ edit ] Le Président du Sénat [citation needed ]
^ "Histoire" . 3 April 2015. Archived fromthe original on 3 April 2015.^ "2210.- Le Sénat de la République » Haiti-Référence" .^ "Haiti, June 2021 Monthly Forecast" . NBC News. Reuters. 29 May 2021. Retrieved15 July 2021 .^ Lemaire, Sandra; Ching, Nike; Toussaint, Renan; Matiado, Vilme (14 July 2021)."US Will Support Inclusive, Credible Haitian Government, State Department Official Tells VOA" .Voice of America . Retrieved15 July 2021 . ^ Taylor, Luke (10 January 2023)."Haiti left with no elected government officials as it spirals towards anarchy" .The Guardian . Retrieved11 January 2023 . ^ "L'Union. Recueil commercial et littéraire" .Gallica . 14 December 1837.^a b c d e f g h i j Lhérisson, L.-C. Auteur du texte (8 November 1895).La Législation de l'instruction publique de la république d'Haïti (1804–1895). ... par Sténio Vincent,... L.-C. Lhérisson,... – via gallica.bnf.fr. ^a b "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved5 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved5 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved5 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved5 August 2020 .^a b c d e f g h i j k l "Recueil général des lois & actes du gouvernement d'Haiti" .ufdc.ufl.edu .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved5 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved5 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved5 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved5 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved5 August 2020 .^ Magloire, Auguste (4 August 1909)."Histoire d'Haïti d'après un plan nouveau basé sur l'observation des faits (1804–1909)" . Port-au-Prince, Haïti : Impr.-Librairie du Matin – via Internet Archive. ^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved5 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved5 August 2020 .^a b c d e f "Bibliographie Générale et Méthodique d'Haïti" (PDF) . 1941.^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved5 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved5 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved5 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved5 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved5 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved5 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved5 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved4 August 2020 .^ "Recueil de lois relatives aux biens du domaine national" .ufdc.ufl.edu .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved4 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved4 August 2020 .^a b c Calixte, Nyll F. (19 June 1974)."La Représentation parlementaire de Fort-Liberté (Haïti) de 1930 à 1972" . Éditions de l'École. ^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Retrieved4 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 3 February 2019. Retrieved4 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 17 January 2019. Retrieved4 August 2020 .^ "Caribbean Studies" . Instituto de Estudios del Caribe, Universidad de Puerto Rico. 1967.^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 16 January 2019. Retrieved4 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 16 January 2019. Retrieved4 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 16 January 2019. Retrieved4 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 16 January 2019. Retrieved4 August 2020 .^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 16 January 2019. Retrieved4 August 2020 .^a b Hilton, Ronald (19 June 1963)."Hispanic American Report" . Stanford University, Hispanic American Studies. ^ "Caribbean Insight" . Goodyear Gibbs (Caribbean). 1988.^ "IPU PARLINE database: HAITI (Sénat), election archives" .archive.ipu.org .^ Christian Lionet (1992).Haïti: l'année Aristide . L'Harmattan.ISBN 978-2-7384-1250-8 . ^ "JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'HAITI" (PDF) .ciat.bach.anaphore.org . 1991. Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 16 January 2019. Retrieved4 August 2020 .^a b Pezzullo, Ralph (19 June 2019).Plunging into Haiti: Clinton, Aristide, and the Defeat of Diplomacy . Univ. Press of Mississippi.ISBN 978-1-60473-534-5 . ^ United States Foreign Broadcast Information Service (1995)."Daily Report: Latin America. Index" . NewsBank. ^ "OAS/MLA :: Home" (PDF) .OAS – Organization of American States . Retrieved4 August 2020 .^ Keesing's Record of World Events . Longman. 2002.^ "La 47e Législature contestée tire sa révérence et lance un urgent appel au Président de la République" .METROPOLE (in French). 13 January 2004.^ "IPU PARLINE database: HAITI (Sénat), ELECTIONS IN 2010" .archive.ipu.org .