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Inmachine learning,semantic analysis of atext corpus is the task of building structures that approximate concepts from a large set of documents. It generally does not involve prior semantic understanding of the documents.

Semantic analysis strategies include:

• Metalanguages based onfirst-order logic, which can analyze the speech of humans.^[1]: 93-
• Understanding the semantics of a text issymbol grounding: if language is grounded, it is equal to recognizing a machine-readable meaning. For the restricted domain of spatial analysis, a computer-based language understanding system was demonstrated.^[2]: 123
• Latent semantic analysis (LSA), a class of techniques where documents are represented asvectors in a term space. A prominent example isprobabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA).
• Latent Dirichlet allocation, which involves attributing document terms to topics.
• n-grams andhidden Markov models, which work by representing the term stream as aMarkov chain, in which each term is derived from preceding terms.

• Explicit semantic analysis
• Information extraction
• Semantic similarity
• Stochastic semantic analysis
• Ontology learning

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