| Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![Drawing by Wallis Budge of a fragment of a red granite architrave discovered in Bubastis and bearing the name of Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw.[1]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aKhabaw.png) Drawing byWallis Budge of a fragment of a red granitearchitrave discovered in Bubastis and bearing the name of Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw.[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pharaoh | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 1–2 years (Baker) 1775–1772 BC (Ryholt) 1752-1746 BC (Schneider) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Coregency | Hor? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Hor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Djedkheperew | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Father | Hor? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dynasty | 13th Dynasty | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw was anEgyptianpharaoh of the early13th Dynasty during theSecond Intermediate Period.
Khabaw is well attested through archaeological finds.
Fragments of a red granite architrave measuring 2 feet 6 inches (0.76 m) by 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) bearing hisHorus name andprenomen were discovered during excavations atBubastis in 1891 conducted byÉdouard Naville for theEgypt Exploration Society.[1][3] The architrave is now in theBritish Museum, under the catalog number BM EA 1100.
Another architrave discovered inTanis shows Khabaw's name together with that of pharaohHor of the 13th Dynasty. Darrell Baker and Ryholt suggest that this close association might mean that Khabaw was Hor's son and may have been hiscoregent.[4]
Ryholt and Baker believe that both architraves did not originate from the Delta region but fromMemphis. The architraves could have come to their find spots after the fall of the 13th Dynasty, when theHyksos moved a large number of monuments from Memphis toAvaris and other cities of the Nile Delta such asBubastis andTanis.[4] Alternatively, the architraves may have stayed in Avaris until the reign ofRamses II, when this king built his capital atPi-Ramesses using material from Avaris. Pi-Ramesses was subsequently dismantled during the21st Dynasty and its monuments scattered in the Delta region.[2][5]
Khabaw is attested by a cylinder-seal now in thePetrie Museum (UC 11527).[7]
InNubia, he is attested by 4 seal impressions from the fortress ofUronarti and one from the fortress ofMirgissa.[2]
TheTurin canon does not mention Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw. Nor is he mentioned in any other ancient king list.[8]
According to Ryholt, Khabaw's name was lost in awsf (literally "missing") lacuna of the Turin canon reported in Column 7, line 17 of the document. The redactor of this king list, which was written in the earlyRamesside period, wrotewsf when the older document from which he was copying the list had alacuna.[2]
Thenomen of Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw is unknown and his identity is therefore not completely established. Ryholt has proposed Khabaw's nomen could have been "Sobek", as this nomen is attested from artifacts which must belong to a king of the first half of the 13th Dynasty. Only two kings of this time period have their nomina unknown: Khabaw andNerikare. "Sobek" may thus possibly be the nomen of Khabaw.[2]
On the other hand, Jürgen von Beckerath identified Khabaw's nomen as Pantjeny, thereby equating Khabaw withSekhemrekhutawy Pantjeny, who is otherwise attested by a single stele.[9] However, this hypothesis has been invalidated in a recent study of stele by Marcel Marée. Marée has shown that the stele was produced by the same workshop (and possibly the same person) who produced the stelae ofWepwawetemsaf andRahotep. The latter is firmly dated to the early17th Dynasty c. 1580 BC and thusPantjeny must have ruled c. 1600 BC, possibly at the end of the16th Dynasty.[10] Alternatively, Pantjeny could be a member of theAbydos Dynasty, which ruled over central Egypt from c. 1650 BC until 1600 BC.[2]
Wolfgang Helck andStephen Quirke have equated Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw withSekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep, called Sobekhotep I or Sobekhotep II depending on the scholar. This hypothesis is considered incorrect by most Egyptologists including von Beckerath,Detlef Franke, Ryholt and Anthony Spalinger[11] Von Beckerath and Franke point out that although both kings have the same throne name, their other names are completely different. Spalinger argues that the Nile records of Nubia associated to Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep cannot be attributed to Khabaw.[11] Responding to these arguments, Stephen Quirke pointed out that the Horus and gold names of Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep are known from a single block fromMedamud, the attribution of which is not entirely certain.[12]
According to the egyptologistKim Ryholt, he was the sixteenth king of the dynasty, reigning for three years, from 1775 BC until 1772 BC.[2] Thomas Schneider, on the other hand, places his reign from 1752 BC until 1746 BC.[13] Alternatively,Jürgen von Beckerath sees him as the third king of the dynasty.[14][15][9] As a ruler of the early 13th Dynasty, Khabaw would have ruled from Memphis toAswan and possibly over the westernNile Delta.[4]
| Preceded by | Pharaoh of Egypt Thirteenth Dynasty | Succeeded by |
