TheJewish Socialist Workers Party (Russian:Социалистическая еврейская рабочая партия, 'SERP', which means 'sickle' in Russian), often nicknamedSeymists, was aJewishsocialistpolitical party in theRussian Empire. The party was founded in April 1906, emerging out of theVozrozhdenie (Renaissance) circles. TheVozrozhdenie was a non-Marxist tendency which was led by the nonmarxist thinker and politicianChaim Zhitlowsky. Zhitlowsky became the theoretician of the new party that advocated with the same emphasis Jewish self-reliance and socialism.^[1] Leaders of the party included Avrom Rozin (Ben-Adir),Nokhem Shtif,Moyshe Zilberfarb and Mark Ratner.^[2] The party was close to theSocialist-Revolutionary Party (PSR).^[3]

The party favored the idea of a Jewish National Assembly (a Seym). It envisaged a federation of nationalities in Russia, each led by an elected body of representatives with political powers inside their community. At a later stage, the Jews would seek territorial concentration.^{[3][4][5][6][7]}

The party actively supportedYiddish language and culture.^[8] The party published the Yiddish-language newspaperFolks-shtime ('People's Voice') fromKiev andVilna.^[9][10] The party also published the organVozrozhdenie.^[11]

During the 1906 period, the party had 3,000 of its cadres organized in paramilitary self-defense units. However, about 400 of them were killed or wounded in fighting and 1,000 arrested.^[12]

In 1907 a formal alliance between SERP and the PSR was signed, making SERP a sub-section of the PSR. The alliance was however mainly the product of the relations between Zhitlowsky and Mark Ratner, and did not have full support from the SERP grassroots. Many local SERP branches wanted unity with the Marxist groups rather than the PSR. Through the link-up with PSR, SERP was included in theSecond International. Just after the deal with PSR, SERP gained a consultative vote at the 1907Stuttgart congress of the International.^[13][14]

In 1911 SERP,Zionist Socialist Workers Party andPoalei Zion signed a joint appeal to theInternational Socialist Bureau, asking the International to recognize the national character of the Jewish people.^[14]

In 1917 the party merged with the Zionist Socialist Workers Party, forming theUnited Jewish Socialist Workers Party.^[15]

• Political parties of the Russian Revolution
• Jewish political parties
• Jewish socialism
• Political parties established in 1906
• Defunct socialist parties in Russia
• Political parties disestablished in 1917
• 1906 establishments in the Russian Empire
• Political parties of minorities in Imperial Russia
• Secular Jewish culture in Russia
• Yiddish culture in Russia
• Socialist Revolutionary Party

• CS1 maint: archived copy as title
• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Articles containing Russian-language text