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Segovia (Congress of Deputies constituency)

Coordinates:41°10′N4°00′W / 41.167°N 4.000°W /41.167; -4.000
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Electoral constituency in Spain
For theCortes of Castile and León constituency, seeSegovia (Cortes of Castile and León constituency). For theSenate constituency, seeSegovia (Senate constituency).
Segovia
Congress of Deputies
Electoral constituency
Location of Segovia withinSpain
ProvinceSegovia
Autonomous communityCastile and León
PopulationIncrease 156,788 (2024)[1]
ElectorateDecrease 119,454 (2023)
Major settlementsSegovia
Current constituency
Created1977
Seats3
Members

Segovia is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish:circunscripciones) represented in theCongress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, theCortes Generales. The constituency currently elects fourdeputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanishprovince of Segovia. Theelectoral system uses theD'Hondt method andclosed-listproportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Electoral system

[edit]

The constituency was created as per thePolitical Reform Law and was first contested in the1977 general election. The Law provided for theprovinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in theCongress of Deputies,[2] with this regulation being maintained under theSpanish Constitution of 1978.[3] Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under anorganic law, needing anabsolute majority in theCortes Generales.[4]

Voting is on the basis ofuniversal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights.[5] The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationalsover 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their politicaland civil rights.[6][7] Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required forSpaniards abroad toapply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish:Voto rogado),[8][9] which was abolished in 2022.[10] 348 seats are elected using theD'Hondt method and aclosed listproportional representation, with anelectoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Each provincial constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations.Ceuta andMelilla are allocated the two remaining seats, which are elected usingplurality voting.[2][3][11][12] The use of the electoral method may result in aneffective threshold based on thedistrict magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.[13]

The electoral law allows forparties andfederations registered in theinterior ministry,coalitions andgroupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.[14][15]

Deputies

[edit]
Deputies 1977–present
Key to parties
  PSOE
  CDS
  Cs
  UCD
  PP
  CP
  AP
  Vox
LegislatureElectionDistribution
Constituent1977
12
1st1979
12
2nd1982
12
3rd1986
111
4th1989
12
5th1993
12
6th1996
12
7th2000
12
8th2004
12
9th2008
12
10th2011
12
11th2015
12
12th2016
12
13th2019 (Apr)
111
14th2019 (Nov)
111
15th2023
12

Elections

[edit]

2023 general election

[edit]
Summary of the 23 July 2023Congress of Deputieselection results in Segovia
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
People's Party (PP)39,89445.02+12.032+1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)27,11330.60+0.931±0
Vox (Vox)12,51014.12–3.010–1
Unite (Sumar)17,1378.05–1.240±0
Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)23070.35–0.190±0
Seniors in Action (3e)1980.22New0±0
Workers' Front (FO)1830.21New0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)1360.15–0.010±0
Walking Together (CJ)1020.12New0±0
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE)940.11+0.030±0
Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero)640.07–0.150±0
Blank ballots8750.99–0.19
Total88,6133±0
Valid votes88,61398.52+0.15
Invalid votes1,3321.48–0.15
Votes cast / turnout89,94575.30+2.95
Abstentions29,50924.70–2.95
Registered voters119,454
Sources[16]
Footnotes:

November 2019 general election

[edit]
Summary of the 10 November 2019Congress of Deputieselection results in Segovia
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
People's Party (PP)28,05732.99+6.121±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)25,23329.67+1.471±0
Vox (Vox)14,56917.13+4.731+1
United We Can (PodemosIU)7,9019.29–0.360±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)6,8618.07–11.890–1
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)4620.54–0.120±0
Centered (centrados)2340.28–0.220±0
Zero CutsGreen GroupPCAS–TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC)1910.22+0.020±0
Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE)1730.20±0.000±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)1330.16+0.020±0
European Retirees Social Democratic Party (PDSJE)1150.14New0±0
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE)670.08–0.020±0
Libertarian Party (P–LIB)380.04New0±0
Blank ballots1,0051.18+0.34
Total85,0393±0
Valid votes85,03998.37–0.06
Invalid votes1,4121.63+0.06
Votes cast / turnout86,45172.35–6.22
Abstentions33,04127.65+6.22
Registered voters119,492
Sources[16]

April 2019 general election

[edit]
Summary of the 28 April 2019Congress of Deputieselection results in Segovia
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)26,08828.20+6.721±0
People's Party (PP)24,85326.87–18.511–1
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)18,46019.96+4.601+1
Vox (Vox)11,46812.40+12.090±0
United We Can (PodemosIUEquo)8,9319.65–5.530±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)6110.66–0.030±0
Centered (centrados)4590.50New0±0
Act (PACT)2760.30New0±0
Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE)1840.20New0±0
Zero CutsGreen GroupPCAS–TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC)1830.20–0.030±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)1270.14New0±0
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE)890.10New0±0
Blank ballots7790.84+0.15
Total92,5083±0
Valid votes92,50898.43–0.30
Invalid votes1,4781.57+0.30
Votes cast / turnout93,98678.57+4.36
Abstentions25,63021.43–4.36
Registered voters119,616
Sources[16]

2016 general election

[edit]
Summary of the 26 June 2016Congress of Deputieselection results in Segovia
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
People's Party (PP)40,17245.38+5.982±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)19,01421.48–0.051±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)13,59515.36–1.700±0
United We Can (PodemosIUEquoSegoviemos)113,44015.18–3.200±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)6120.69+0.130±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)3520.40–0.990±0
Vox (Vox)2770.31New0±0
Zero CutsGreen Group (Recortes Cero–GV)2020.23–0.020±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS)1290.15–0.090±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)1170.13–0.080±0
Blank ballots6150.69–0.29
Total88,5253±0
Valid votes88,52598.73+0.13
Invalid votes1,1371.27–0.13
Votes cast / turnout89,66274.21–2.49
Abstentions31,16125.79+2.49
Registered voters120,823
Sources[16]
Footnotes:

2015 general election

[edit]
Summary of the 20 December 2015Congress of Deputieselection results in Segovia
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
People's Party (PP)36,18239.40–17.012±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)19,76921.53–5.261±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)15,66517.06New0±0
We Can (Podemos)13,14414.31New0±0
United LeftPopular Unity in Common–Segoviemos (IU–UPeC–Segoviemos)3,7424.07–1.590±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)1,2741.39–5.250±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)5170.56+0.180±0
Zero CutsGreen Group (Recortes Cero–GV)2270.25New0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS)2230.24–0.030±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)1900.21New0±0
Blank ballots9030.98–0.62
Total91,8363±0
Valid votes91,83698.60+0.49
Invalid votes1,3031.40–0.49
Votes cast / turnout93,13976.70+0.36
Abstentions28,30123.30–0.36
Registered voters121,440
Sources[16]

2011 general election

[edit]
Summary of the 20 November 2011Congress of Deputieselection results in Segovia
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
People's Party (PP)52,17356.41+2.982±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)24,78026.79–12.261±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)6,8897.45+5.820±0
United Left of Castile and León:Plural Left (IUCyL)5,2375.66+3.000±0
Equo (Equo)9811.06New0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)3530.38+0.240±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS)2470.27+0.200±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)2370.26+0.160±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)1150.12New0±0
Blank ballots1,4771.60+0.31
Total92,4893±0
Valid votes92,48998.11–1.07
Invalid votes1,7801.89+1.07
Votes cast / turnout94,26976.34–4.77
Abstentions29,21223.66+4.77
Registered voters123,481
Sources[16]

2008 general election

[edit]
Summary of the 9 March 2008Congress of Deputieselection results in Segovia
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
People's Party (PP)53,39953.43+0.982±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)39,02339.05–0.891±0
United Left–Alternative (IU)2,6572.66–0.810±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)1,6311.63New0±0
The Greens (Verdes)5600.56New0±0
Commoners' Land (TC)3290.33–0.130±0
Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)1400.14New0±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)990.10New0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)980.10New0±0
Alternative in Blank (ABLA)970.10New0±0
Social Democratic Party (PSD)940.09New0±0
Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB)890.09–0.340±0
National Democracy (DN)870.09+0.040±0
Communist Party of the Castilian People (PCPC–PCPE)780.08–0.010±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS)670.07±0.000±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV)420.04New0±0
Centrist Party (PCTR)340.03New0±0
Authentic Phalanx (FA)290.03±0.000±0
Spanish Alternative (AES)250.03New0±0
Humanist Party (PH)220.02–0.100±0
Spanish Front (Frente)200.02New0±0
Spain 2000 (E–2000)160.02New0±0
Carlist Traditionalist Communion (CTC)90.01New0±0
Blank ballots1,2921.29–0.89
Total99,9373±0
Valid votes99,93799.18+0.16
Invalid votes8220.82–0.16
Votes cast / turnout100,75981.11±0.00
Abstentions23,46718.89±0.00
Registered voters124,226
Sources[16]

2004 general election

[edit]
Summary of the 14 March 2004Congress of Deputieselection results in Segovia
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
People's Party (PP)52,50052.45–5.032±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)39,97639.94+9.091±0
United Left (IU)3,4703.47–1.710±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC)4640.46–0.190±0
Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB)4330.43New0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)2410.24–1.250±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV)1910.19New0±0
Humanist Party (PH)1190.12+0.040±0
Republican Left (IR)1040.10New0±0
Spanish Democratic Party (PADE)950.09–0.060±0
Communist Party of the Castilian People (PCPC–PCPE)890.09New0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS)670.07New0±0
National Democracy (DN)490.05New0±0
The Phalanx (FE)480.05–0.090±0
Authentic Phalanx (FA)340.03New0±0
Republican Social Movement (MSR)330.03New0±0
Blank ballots2,1832.18–0.17
Total100,0963±0
Valid votes100,09699.02+0.12
Invalid votes9950.98–0.12
Votes cast / turnout101,09181.11+5.50
Abstentions23,54718.89–5.50
Registered voters124,638
Sources[16]

2000 general election

[edit]
Summary of the 12 March 2000Congress of Deputieselection results in Segovia
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
People's Party (PP)54,36757.48+2.722±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' PartyProgressives (PSOE–p)29,17830.85–1.391±0
United Left (IU)4,8985.18–3.720±0
Centrist Union–Democratic and Social Centre (UC–CDS)1,4071.49+0.490±0
The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV)1,1431.21+0.360±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC)6130.65+0.400±0
Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL)2360.25+0.100±0
Spanish Democratic Party (PADE)1450.15New0±0
The Phalanx (FE)1280.14New0±0
Natural Law Party (PLN)870.09New0±0
Humanist Party (PH)750.08–0.010±0
Spain 2000 Platform (ES2000)550.06New0±0
Carlist Party (PC)290.03New0±0
Blank ballots2,2232.35+0.82
Total94,5843±0
Valid votes94,58498.90–0.34
Invalid votes1,0501.10+0.34
Votes cast / turnout95,63475.61–4.63
Abstentions30,85024.39+4.63
Registered voters126,484
Sources[16]

1996 general election

[edit]
Summary of the 3 March 1996Congress of Deputieselection results in Segovia
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
People's Party (PP)54,18854.76+6.762±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)31,90332.24–0.051±0
United Left of Castile and León (IUCL)8,8088.90+1.490±0
Centrist Union (UC)9901.00–8.000±0
The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV)8400.85New0±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC)2490.25+0.100±0
Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL)1440.15±0.000±0
Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA)980.10New0±0
Humanist Party (PH)900.09±0.000±0
Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT)840.08New0±0
Republican Coalition (CR)560.06New0±0
Blank ballots1,5141.53+0.23
Total98,9643±0
Valid votes98,96499.24+0.18
Invalid votes7620.76–0.18
Votes cast / turnout99,72680.24+0.89
Abstentions24,56519.76–0.89
Registered voters124,291
Sources[16]

1993 general election

[edit]
Summary of the 6 June 1993Congress of Deputieselection results in Segovia
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
People's Party (PP)46,00148.00+8.122±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)30,94532.29+1.611±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)8,6289.00–7.490±0
United Left of Castile and León (IU)7,1047.41+0.280±0
The Greens (Verdes)18540.89–0.010±0
The Ecologists (LE)3470.36–0.720±0
Ruiz-Mateos GroupEuropean Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE)2370.25–0.440±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC)1410.15New0±0
Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL)1400.15New0±0
Humanist Party (PH)860.09–0.220±0
Natural Law Party (PLN)730.08New0±0
Party of El Bierzo (PB)280.03New0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)00.00New0±0
Blank ballots1,2491.30–0.09
Total95,8333±0
Valid votes95,83399.06+0.45
Invalid votes9120.94–0.45
Votes cast / turnout96,74579.35+3.60
Abstentions25,18320.65–3.60
Registered voters121,928
Sources[16]
Footnotes:

1989 general election

[edit]
Summary of the 29 October 1989Congress of Deputieselection results in Segovia
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
People's Party (PP)135,70539.88+3.522+1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)27,46830.68–1.711±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)14,76416.49–6.990–1
United Left (IU)6,3877.13+4.670±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE)9671.08New0±0
The Greens–Green List (LV–LV)8020.90New0±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)6160.69New0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)5180.58–0.020±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)22830.32–0.500±0
Humanist Party (PH)2780.31New0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)1630.18New0±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)31370.15–0.060±0
Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED)1100.12New0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)1090.12–0.090±0
Blank ballots1,2301.37+0.09
Total89,5373±0
Valid votes89,53798.61+1.18
Invalid votes1,2611.39–1.18
Votes cast / turnout90,79875.75–3.44
Abstentions29,07024.25+3.44
Registered voters119,868
Sources[16]
Footnotes:

1986 general election

[edit]
Summary of the 22 June 1986Congress of Deputieselection results in Segovia
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
People's Coalition (APPDPPL)132,78536.36–1.951–1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)29,20432.39–4.721±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)21,17023.48+15.961+1
United Left (IU)22,2182.46+1.000±0
Democratic Reformist Party (PRD)1,1261.25New0±0
Communists' Unity Board (MUC)7360.82New0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)5420.60–0.560±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)2660.30+0.150±0
Christian Spanish Party (PAEC)2540.28New0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)1880.21New0±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI)1860.21New0±0
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC)1790.20New0±0
Republican Popular Unity (UPR)1550.17New0±0
Blank ballots1,1521.28+0.29
Total90,1613±0
Valid votes90,16197.43–0.34
Invalid votes2,3792.57+0.34
Votes cast / turnout92,54079.19–5.16
Abstentions24,31420.81+5.16
Registered voters116,854
Sources[16]
Footnotes:

1982 general election

[edit]
Summary of the 28 October 1982Congress of Deputieselection results in Segovia
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
People's Alliance–People's Democratic Party (APPDP)135,48338.31+31.752+2
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)34,37537.11+14.031±0
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)9,68010.45–48.850–2
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)6,9677.52New0±0
Spanish Ruralist Party (PRE)1,9842.14–1.360±0
Communist Party of Spain (PCE)1,3481.46–2.680±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)1,0741.16New0±0
New Force (FN)24130.45–0.690±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)1420.15New0±0
Communist League–Internationalist Socialist Workers' Coalition (LC (COSI))1220.13New0±0
Communist Unity Candidacy (CUC)1120.12New0±0
Revolutionary Communist League (LCR)00.00New0±0
Communist Movement of Castile and León (MC–CL)00.00–0.640±0
Blank ballots9190.99+0.31
Total92,6193±0
Valid votes92,61997.77–1.01
Invalid votes2,1152.23+1.01
Votes cast / turnout94,73484.35+8.66
Abstentions17,58215.65–8.66
Registered voters112,316
Sources[16]
Footnotes:

1979 general election

[edit]
Summary of the 1 March 1979Congress of Deputieselection results in Segovia
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)49,37559.30+0.542±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)119,21623.08–4.431±0
Democratic Coalition (CD)25,4586.56–2.100±0
Communist Party of Spain (PCE)3,4504.14+1.680±0
Spanish Ruralist Party (PRE)2,9123.50New0±0
National Union (UN)9481.14New0±0
Communist MovementOrganization of Communist Left (MC–OIC)5320.64New0±0
Party of Labour of Spain (PTE)33060.37–0.050±0
Workers' Revolutionary Organization (ORT)2990.36New0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A))1950.23–0.840±0
Blank ballots5670.68+0.25
Total83,2583±0
Valid votes83,25898.78+0.55
Invalid votes1,0281.22–0.55
Votes cast / turnout84,28675.69–11.93
Abstentions27,07424.31+11.93
Registered voters111,360
Sources[16]
Footnotes:

1977 general election

[edit]
Summary of the 15 June 1977Congress of Deputieselection results in Segovia
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)50,27058.76n/a2n/a
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)18,21021.28n/a1n/a
People's Alliance (AP)7,4078.66n/a0n/a
People's Socialist PartySocialist Unity (PSP–US)5,3306.23n/a0n/a
Communist Party of Spain (PCE)2,1012.46n/a0n/a
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A))9131.07n/a0n/a
Socialist Movement (MS)5990.70n/a0n/a
Democratic Left Front (FDI)3610.42n/a0n/a
Blank ballots3640.43n/a
Total85,5553n/a
Valid votes85,55598.23n/a
Invalid votes1,5421.77n/a
Votes cast / turnout87,09787.62n/a
Abstentions12,31112.38n/a
Registered voters99,408
Sources[16]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Real Decreto 1210/2024, de 28 de noviembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2024".Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved23 December 2024.
  2. ^abLaw 1/1977 (1977), trans. prov. 1.
  3. ^abConst. Esp. (1978), tit. III, ch. I, art. 68.
  4. ^Const. Esp. (1978), tit. VIII, ch. II, art. 141.
  5. ^LOREG (1985), tit. I, ch. I, art. 2.
  6. ^RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. I, art. 2.
  7. ^Carreras de Odriozola & Tafunell Sambola 2005, p. 1077.
  8. ^LOREG (1985), tit. I, ch. VI, art. 75.
  9. ^Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015)."Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote".cafebabel.co.uk. Archived from the original on April 15, 2016. Retrieved17 July 2017.
  10. ^Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022)."El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero".Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved31 July 2022.
  11. ^RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. II, ch. II, art. 19–20.
  12. ^LOREG (1985), tit. II, ch. III, art. 162–164.
  13. ^Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012)."Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived fromthe original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved22 July 2017.
  14. ^RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. IV, art. 30–31 & 34.
  15. ^LOREG (1985), tit. I, ch. VI, art. 44 & tit. II, ch. V, art. 169.
  16. ^abcdefghijklmnop"Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales".Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved24 December 2024.

Bibliography

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