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Archbishop of York

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Senior bishop in the Church of England

Archbishop of York

Archbishopric
anglican


Arms of theDiocese of York:Gules, two keys in saltire the wards upwards argent in chief a regal crown proper^[1]
Incumbent: Stephen Cottrell since 9 July 2020
Style	The Most Reverend andRight Honourable (otherwiseHis Grace)
Location
Ecclesiastical province	York
Residence	Bishopthorpe Palace
Information
First holder	Paulinus of York
Established	Bishopric in 626 Archbishopric in 735
Diocese	York
Cathedral	York Minster
Website
archbishopofyork.org

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Thearchbishop of York is a senior bishop in theChurch of England, second only to thearchbishop of Canterbury. The archbishop is thediocesan bishop of theDiocese of York and themetropolitan bishop of theprovince of York, which covers the northern regions of England (north of theTrent) as well as theIsle of Man.

The archbishop's throne (cathedra) is inYork Minster in centralYork, and the official residence isBishopthorpe Palace in the village ofBishopthorpe outside York. The current archbishop isStephen Cottrell, since theconfirmation of his election on 9 July 2020.^[2]

History

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Roman

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There was a bishop inEboracum (Roman York) from very early times; during the Middle Ages, it was thought to have been one of the dioceses established by thelegendary King Lucius. Bishops of York are known to have been present at the councils ofArles (Eborius) andNicaea (unnamed). However, this early Christian community was laterdestroyed by the pagan Anglo-Saxons and there is no direct succession from these bishops to the post-Augustinian ones.

Middle Ages

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TheCatholic diocese was refounded byPaulinus (a member ofAugustine's mission) in the 7th century. Notable among these early bishops isWilfrid. These early bishops of York acted as diocesan rather than archdiocesan prelates until the time ofEcgbert of York,^[a] who received thepallium fromPope Gregory III in 735 and established metropolitan rights in the north. Until the Danish invasion the archbishops of Canterbury occasionally exercised authority, and it was not until theNorman Conquest that the archbishops of York asserted their complete independence.

At the time of the Norman invasion York had jurisdiction overWorcester,Lichfield, andLincoln, as well as claiming the dioceses in the Northern Isles andScotland which were in fact independent.^[4] But the first three sees just mentioned were taken from York in 1072. In 1154 the suffragan sees of theIsle of Man andOrkney were transferred to the Norwegianarchbishop of Nidaros (today's Trondheim), and in 1188 York finally accepted it had no authority over all of the Scottish dioceses exceptWhithorn, so that only the dioceses ofWhithorn,Durham, andCarlisle remained to the archbishops as suffragan sees. Of these, Durham was practically independent, for thepalatine bishops of that see were little short of sovereigns in their own jurisdiction. Sodor and Man were returned to York during the 14th century, to compensate for the loss of Whithorn to the Scottish Church.

Several of the archbishops of York held the ministerial office ofLord Chancellor of England and played some parts in affairs of state. AsPeter Heylyn (1600–1662) wrote: "This see has yielded to the Church eight saints, to the Church of Rome three cardinals, to the realm of England twelve Lord Chancellors and twoLord Treasurers, and to the north of England twoLord Presidents." The bishopric's role was also complicated bycontinued conflict over primacy with the see of Canterbury.

English Reformation

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At the time of theEnglish Reformation, York possessed three suffragan sees, Durham, Carlisle, and Sodor and Man, to which during the brief space ofQueen Mary I's reign (1553–1558) may be added the Diocese of Chester, founded byHenry VIII, but subsequently recognised by the Pope.

Until the mid 1530s (and from 1553 to 1558) the bishops and archbishops were Catholics in communion with thepope in Rome. This is no longer the case, as the archbishop of York, together with the rest of theChurch of England, is a member of theAnglican Communion.

Walter de Grey purchasedYork Place as his London residence, which after the fall ofCardinal Thomas Wolsey, was renamed thePalace of Whitehall.

Styles and privileges

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"Primate of England" redirects here. For the Primate of All England, seeArchbishop of Canterbury.

The archbishop of York is anex officio member of the House of Lords and is styled Primate of England (whereas the archbishop of Canterbury is the Primate of All England); he is referred to as "The Most Reverend", retired archbishops are styled as "The Right Reverend". As archbishops are, by convention, appointed to thePrivy Council they may, therefore, also use the style of "The Right Honourable" for life (unless they are later removed from the council). In debates in the House of Lords, the archbishop is referred to as "The Most Reverend Primate, the archbishop of York". "The Right Honourable" is not used in this instance. He may also be formally addressed as "Your Grace"—or, more often these days, simply as "archbishop", or "Father".

The surname of the archbishop of York is not always used in formal documents; often only the first name and see are mentioned. The archbishop is legally entitled to sign his name as "Ebor" (from theLatin for York). The right to use a title as a legal signature is only permitted to bishops,peers of the Realm and peers by courtesy.^{[citation needed]} The current archbishop of York usually signs as "+Stephen Ebor".

In theEnglish and Welsh order of precedence, the archbishop of York is ranked above all individuals in the realm, with the exception of the sovereign and members of theroyal family, the archbishop of Canterbury and thelord chancellor.^[5] Immediately below him is theprime minister and then thelord president of the council.

Present

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The archbishop of York is themetropolitan bishop of theprovince of York and is the junior of the two archbishops of the Church of England after the archbishop of Canterbury.^[6] The See is currently occupied byStephen Cottrell since 9 July 2020.

The Province of York includes 10 Anglican dioceses inNorthern England:Blackburn,Carlisle,Chester,Durham,Liverpool,Manchester,Newcastle,Sheffield,Leeds, andYork, as well as 2 other dioceses:Southwell and Nottingham in theMidlands andSodor and Man covering theIsle of Man.

List of archbishops

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Pre-Conquest

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Bishops of York
From	Until	Incumbent	Notes
625	633	Paulinus	Formerly a monk at St. Andrew's Monastery in Rome; translated toRochester; canonised.^[7]
633	664	See vacant
664	669	Chad	Resigned thesee of York; later becamebishop of Mercia and Lindsey; canonised.
664	678	Wilfrid(I)	Ejected from York; later becamebishop of Selsey^[b]canonised.
678	706	Bosa	Canonised.
706	714	John of Beverley	Translated fromHexham; resigned the see; canonised in 1037.
714	732	Wilfrid II	Resigned the see; canonised.
c. 732	735	Ecgbert	York elevated to archbishopric in 735.
Pre-Conquest archbishops of York
From	Until	Incumbent	Notes
735	766	Ecgbert	York elevated to archbishopric in 735.
c. 767	c. 780	Æthelbert	Also known as Æthelbeorht, Adalberht, Ælberht, Aelberht, Aldbert or Æthelbert.
c. 780	796	Eanbald(I)
796	c. 808	Eanbald(II)
c. 808	c. 834	Wulfsige
837	854	Wigmund
854	c. 896	Wulfhere	Fled the Danes in 872, returned in 873.
900	c. 916	Æthelbald	Sometimes known as Æthelbeald, Athelbald, or Ethelbald.
c. 916	931	Hrotheweard	Sometimes known as Lodeward.
931	956	Wulfstan(I)
c. 958	971	Oscytel	Also known as Oscytel.Translated fromDorchester.
971		Edwald	Also known as Edwaldus or Ethelwold.
971	992	Oswald	Held both the sees of York andWorcester; canonised.
995	1002	Ealdwulf	Held both the sees of York andWorcester.
1002	1023	Wulfstan(II)	Also known as Lupus. Also held the see ofWorcester (1002–1016).
1023	1051	Ælfric Puttoc	Also held the see ofWorcester (1040–1041).
1051	1060	Cynesige	Also known as Kynsige.
1061	1069	Ealdred	Also known as Aldred. Held the see ofWorcester 1046–1061, ofHereford 1056–1060, and of York 1061–1069.
Footnote(s):^[c] and Source(s):^[10]^[11]

Conquest to Reformation

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Archbishops of York (Conquest to Reformation)
From	Until	Incumbent	Notes
1070	1100	Thomas of Bayeux	Also known as Thomas(I).
1100	1108	Gerard	Translated fromHereford.
1109	1114	Thomas(II)
1119	1140	Thurstan	He was elected in 1114, but was notconsecrated until 1119.
1140		Waltheof of Melrose	Nominated archbishop, but was quashed byKing Stephen; later becameAbbot of Melrose.
1140		Henry de Sully	Abbot ofFécamp Abbey. Nominated archbishop, but was quashed byPope Innocent II.
1143	1147	William (FitzHerbert)	Deposed byPope Eugene III; canonised in 1226.
1147		Hilary of Chichester	Deposed byPope Eugene III, electedbishop of Chichester.
1147	1153	Henry Murdac	FormerlyAbbot ofFountains Abbey.
1153	1154	William (FitzHerbert)(again)	Restored byPope Anastasius IV; canonised in 1226.
1154	1181	Roger de Pont L'Évêque	Formerlyarchdeacon of Canterbury.
1191	1212	Geoffrey (Plantagenet)	Formerlybishop-elect of Lincoln; elected archbishop in 1189, but was onlyconsecrated in 1191.
1215		Simon Langton	Elected archbishop of York in June 1215, but was quashed on 20 August 1215 byPope Innocent III on request fromKing John; later becamearchdeacon of Canterbury.
1216	1255	Walter de Gray	Translated fromWorcester.
1256	1258	Sewal de Bovil	FormerlyDean of York.
1258	1265	Godfrey Ludham	Also known as Godfrey Kineton. FormerlyDean of York.
1265		William Langton	Dean of York (1262–1279); elected archbishop in March 1265, but was quashed in November 1265.^[12]
1265	1266	Bonaventure	Selected as archbishop in November 1265, but neverconsecrated and resigned the appointment in October 1266.
1266	1279	Walter Giffard	Translated fromBath and Wells.
1279	1285	William de Wickwane
1286	1296	John le Romeyn	Also known as John Romanus.
1298	1299	Henry of Newark	FormerlyDean of York.
1300	1304	Thomas of Corbridge
1306	1315	William Greenfield	FormerlyDean of Chichester
1317	1340	William Melton
1342	1352	William Zouche	Also known as William de la Zouche.
1353	1373	CardinalJohn of Thoresby	Translated fromWorcester; created aCardinal in 1361.^[13]
1374	1388	Alexander Neville	Translated toSt Andrews in 1388.
1388	1396	Thomas Arundel	Translated fromEly; afterwards translated toCanterbury.
1397	1398	Robert Waldby	Translated fromChichester.
1398		Walter Skirlaw	Bishop of Durham, elected but put aside by KingRichard II.
1398	1405	Richard le Scrope	Translated fromLichfield.
1405	1406	Thomas Langley	Elected archbishop in August 1405, but was quashed in May 1406.
1406	1407	Robert Hallam	Nominated archbishop in May 1406 byPope Innocent VII, but was vetoed by KingHenry IV.
1407	1423	Henry Bowet	Translated fromBath and Wells.
1423	1424	Philip Morgan	Elected archbishop in 1423, but was quashed in 1424.
1424	1425	Richard Fleming	Conferred as archbishop byPope Martin V, but was refused by KingHenry V, and Fleming resigned the appointment in July 1425.
1426	1452	CardinalJohn Kemp	Translated fromLondon; created aCardinal in 1439;^[14] translated toCanterbury.
1452	1464	William Booth	Translated fromLichfield.
1465	1476	George Neville	Translated fromExeter.
1476	1480	Lawrence Booth	Translated fromDurham.
1480	1500	Thomas Rotherham	Translated fromLincoln.
1501	1507	Thomas Savage	Translated fromLondon.
1508	1514	CardinalChristopher Bainbridge	Translated fromDurham; created aCardinal in 1511.^[15]
1514	1530	CardinalThomas Wolsey	Translated fromLincoln in 1514; created a Cardinal in 1515;^[16] held withBath and Wells 1518–23,Durham 1523–29 andWinchester 1529–30.
Source(s):^[11]^[17]^[18]^[19]

Post-Reformation

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Post-Reformation archbishops of York
From	Until	Incumbent	Notes
1531	1544	Edward Lee	Translated fromSt Davids.
1545	1554	Robert Holgate	Translated fromLlandaff.
1555	1559	Nicholas Heath	Translated fromWorcester.
1561	1568	Thomas Young	Translated fromSt Davids.
1570	1576	Edmund Grindal	Translated fromLondon; afterwards translated toCanterbury.
1577	1588	Edwin Sandys	Translated fromLondon.
1589	1594	John Piers	Translated fromSalisbury.
1595	1606	Matthew Hutton	Translated fromDurham.
1606	1628	Tobias Matthew	Translated fromDurham.
1628		George Montaigne	Translated fromDurham.
1629	1631	Samuel Harsnett	Translated fromNorwich.
1632	1640	Richard Neile	Translated fromWinchester.
1641	1646	John Williams	Translated fromLincoln. Deprived when the English episcopacy was abolished by Parliament. Died 1650.
1646	1660	The see was abolished during theCommonwealth and theProtectorate.^[20]^[21]
1660	1664	Accepted Frewen	Translated fromLichfield.
1664	1683	Richard Sterne	Translated fromCarlisle.
1683	1686	John Dolben	Translated fromRochester.
1688	1691	Thomas Lamplugh	Translated fromExeter.
1691	1714	John Sharp	FormerlyDean of Canterbury.
1714	1724	SirWilliam Dawes, Bt.	Translated fromChester.
1724	1743	Lancelot Blackburne	Translated fromExeter.
1743	1747	Thomas Herring	Translated fromBangor; afterwards translated toCanterbury.
1747	1757	Matthew Hutton	Translated fromBangor; afterwards translated toCanterbury.
1757	1761	John Gilbert	Translated fromSalisbury.
1761	1776	Robert Hay Drummond	Translated fromSalisbury.
1776	1807	William Markham	Translated fromChester.
1808	1847	Edward Venables-Vernon	Translated fromCarlisle. Surname changed fromVenables-Vernon toVenables-Vernon-Harcourt in 1831.
1847	1860	Thomas Musgrave	Translated fromHereford.
1860	1862	Charles Longley	Translated fromDurham; afterwards translated toCanterbury.
1862	1890	William Thomson	Translated fromGloucester.
1891		William Connor Magee	Translated fromPeterborough.
1891	1908 retired	William Maclagan	Translated fromLichfield.
1909	1928	Cosmo Gordon Lang	Translated fromStepney; afterwards translated toCanterbury.
1929	1942	William Temple	Translated fromManchester; afterwards translated toCanterbury.
1942	1955 retired	Cyril Garbett	Translated fromWinchester.
1956	1961	Michael Ramsey	Translated fromDurham; afterwards translated toCanterbury.
1961	1974	Donald Coggan	Translated fromBradford; afterwards translated toCanterbury.
1975	1983 retired	Stuart Blanch	Translated fromLiverpool.
1983	1995 retired	John Habgood	Translated fromDurham.
1995	2005 retired	David Hope	Translated fromLondon.
2005	2020 retired	John Sentamu^[22]	Translated fromBirmingham; retired 7 June 2020.^[23]
2020	present	Stephen Cottrell^[24]	Translated fromChelmsford;election confirmed 9 July 2020.^[2]
Source(s):^[11]^[25]^[26]

Archbishops who became peers

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From 1660 to 1900, all the archbishops of York died in office or were translated to Canterbury and died in that office.

William Maclagan was the first to voluntarily resign his office in 1908, two years before his death. All of his successors who were not translated to Canterbury have also resigned their office before death, and (like all archbishops of Canterbury) have been offered a peerage upon resignation.^[d]

Archbishop	Title	Notes
Cosmo Gordon Lang	Baron Lang of Lambeth in 1942	Extinct in 1945	asarchbishop of Canterbury
Michael Ramsey	Baron Ramsey of Canterbury for life in 1974	Extinct in 1988
Donald Coggan	Baron Coggan for life in 1980	Extinct in 2000
Stuart Blanch	Baron Blanch for life in 1983	Extinct in 1994
John Habgood	Baron Habgood for life in 1995	Retired from the House in 2011;^[27] extinct in 2019
David Hope	Baron Hope of Thornes for life in 2005	Retired from the House in 2015;^[28] extant
John Sentamu	Baron Sentamu for life in 2021	Extant

Assistant bishops

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Among those who have served as assistant bishops of the diocese have been:

1929–1931 (res.):Bernard Heywood—overseeing the archdeaconry of the East Riding—formerbishop of Southwell; becamebishop suffragan of Hull (i.e., effectively the same role) andarchdeacon of the East Riding^[29]
1964–1970 (ret.):Mervyn Armstrong, adviser on industry to the archbishop of York and formerbishop of Jarrow^[30]
1969–1996 (d.): George Cockin, Rector ofBainton (until 1978) and formerbishop of Owerri. George Eyles Irwin Cockin (15 August 1908 – 18 November 1996)^[31] was an Irish missionary in Nigeria.^[32] Educated atRepton andLeeds University, he was a Tutor at St Paul's College,Awka (1933–40) and then a Supervisor of Anglican Schools in East Nigeria (1940–52) before training for the ministry atLincoln Theological College. He was made deacon in 1953, ordained priest in 1954 and served his title (curacy) inKimberworth until 1955. He then returned to Nigeria as Senior Supervisor of Anglican Schools in East Nigeria until 1958; during which time he was also additionally made a Canon of All Saints Cathedral,Onitsha (Diocese on the Niger), 1957.^[31] He was elected the firstbishop of Owerri in 1959 and served until his resignation in 1969.^[31] He was consecrated a bishop on 27 January 1959 byJames Horstead,archbishop of West Africa andbishop of Sierra Leone.^[32]
1977–1994 (d.):Richard Wimbush, priest-in-charge ofEtton withDalton Holme (until 1983) and formerbishop of Argyll and the Isles andPrimus^[33]

Footnotes

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^Paulinus was appointed archbishop of York byPope Honorius I in 634, but the appointment was not effective since it occurred after Paulinus had fled from York and become bishop of Rochester.^[3]
^ Although Wilfrid established a monastic community in Selsey, there are no early sources that describe him as bishop of the South Saxons. Wilfrid is credited with beingfirst bishop of the South Saxons, byWilliam of Malmesbury andFlorence of Worcester, also on some laterEcclesiastical lists, but he was still technically bishop of York when in charge ofSelsey Abbey. Therefore, as Sussex had been annexed by Wessex then Selsey probably would have been subject to the Diocese of the West Saxons, when Wilfrid was there.^[8]
^The second edition of theHandbook of British Chronology listedÆthelric to have been archbishop of York from 1041 to 1042,^[9] but in the third edition he is no longer listed to have been archbishop.^[10]
^William Temple died in office (as the archbishop of Canterbury), andCyril Garbett died before his hereditary peerage could be created.

References

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Citations

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^Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.1173, with added "the wards upwards" for clarity, as per Debrett's blazon for bishop of Gloucester
^^a ^b"Search results".
^Costambeys "Paulinus (St Paulinus) (d. 644)"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
^ Davuit Broun,Scottish Independence and the Idea of Britain: From the Picts to Alexander III, p. 115
^Whitaker's Almanack, 2008 – (Precedence, England and Wales)
^Fryde et al. 1986,Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 224, and 281–284.
^St. Paulinus, Archbishop of York. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
^Foot 2011 The bishops of Selsey and the Creation of a Diocese for Sussex. pp. 90-101.
^Powicke & Fryde 1961,Handbook of British Chronology, 2nd Edition, p. 257.
^^a ^bFryde et al. 1986,Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, p. 224.
^^a ^b ^c"Historical successions: York".Crockford's Clerical Directory. Retrieved8 August 2013.
^William de Langeton alias of Rotherfield Archived 22 June 2011 at theWayback Machine. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
^John Cardinal Thoresby.The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
^John Cardinal Kempe.The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
^Christopher Cardinal Bainbridge.The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
^Thomas Cardinal Wolsey.The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
^Fryde et al. 1986,Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 281–283.
^Greenway 1999,Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300, volume 6, pp. 1–7.
^Jones 1963,Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541, volume 6, pp. 3–5.
^Plant, David (2002)."Episcopalians".BCW Project. Retrieved25 April 2021.
^King, Peter (July 1968). "The Episcopate during the Civil Wars, 1642–1649".The English Historical Review.83 (328). Oxford University Press:523–537.doi:10.1093/ehr/lxxxiii.cccxxviii.523.JSTOR 564164.
^The Archbishop of York Archived 3 December 2008 at theWayback Machine. The official website of John Sentamu, Archbishop of York. Retrieved on 21 November 2008.
^"Archbishop of York Dr John Sentamu to retire".BBC News. October 2018. Retrieved2 October 2018.
^"Bishop Stephen Cottrell to be the next Archbishop of York".The Church of England. 17 December 2019. Retrieved17 December 2019.
^Fryde et al. 1986,Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 283–284.
^Horn & Smith 1979,Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541–1857, volume 4, pp. 1–5.
^"Former Archbishop of York retires from House of Lords". 3 October 2011.
^"Retirements of Members - Hansard - UK Parliament".
^"Heywood, Bernard Oliver Francis".Who's Who. A & C Black.(Subscription orUK public library membership required.)
^"Armstrong, Mervyn".Who's Who. A & C Black.(Subscription orUK public library membership required.)
^^a ^b ^c"Cockin, George Eyles Irwin".Who's Who. A & C Black.(Subscription orUK public library membership required.)
^^a ^b"Diocese of Owerri (Anglican Communion)".
^"Wimbush, Richard Knyvet".Who's Who. A & C Black.(Subscription orUK public library membership required.)

Sources

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Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I., eds. (1986).Handbook of British Chronology (3rd, reprinted 2003 ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
Greenway, D. E. (1999)."Archbishops of York".Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300. Vol. 6: York.British History Online.
Jones, B (1963)."Archbishops of York".Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541. Vol. 6: Northern Province (York, Carlise and Durham).British History Online.
Foot, Sarah (2011). Foster, Paul; Moriarty, Rachel (eds.).The Bishops of Selsey and the creation of a Diocese in Sussex. Otter memorial Paper. Vol. 27. Chichester: University of Chichester.ISBN 978-1-907852-03-9.{{cite book}}:|journal= ignored (help)
Horn, J. M.; Smith, D. M. (1979)."Archbishops of York".Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541–1857. Vol. 4: York Diocese.British History Online.
Powicke, F. Maurice; Fryde, E. B., eds. (1961).Handbook of British Chronology (2nd ed.). London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society.

External links

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