| Seattle Pilots | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Information | |||||
| League | American League (1969) West Division (1969) | ||||
| Ballpark | Sick's Stadium (1969) | ||||
| Established | 1969 | ||||
| Relocated | 1970 (toMilwaukee, Wisconsin; became theMilwaukee Brewers) | ||||
| Nickname(s) | None | ||||
| World Series championships | None | ||||
| American League pennant | None | ||||
| AL West division titles | None | ||||
| Colors | Royal blue, gold, white[1] | ||||
| Mascot | None | ||||
| Retired numbers | None | ||||
| Ownership | William R. Daley &Dewey Soriano | ||||
| General manager | Marvin Milkes | ||||
| Manager | Joe Schultz Jr. | ||||
TheSeattle Pilots were an American professionalbaseball team based inSeattle, Washington, during the1969 Major League Baseball season. During their single-season existence, the Pilots played their home games atSick's Stadium and were a member of theWest Division ofMajor League Baseball'sAmerican League. In their lone season in Seattle, the team finished in last place with a 64–98 record. On April 1, 1970, the franchise moved toMilwaukee, Wisconsin and became theMilwaukee Brewers. Following the relocation, Seattle and King County sued the American League, which led the league to grant Seattle a new expansion franchise, theSeattle Mariners.
The lead man for the franchise ownership, Pacific Northwest Sports, Inc. (PNSI), wasDewey Soriano, a former Rainierspitcher andgeneral manager and former president of the Pacific Coast League.[2] The team's nickname of "Pilots" came from Soriano's part-time job as aharbor pilot and the city's association with theaviation industry.[3][4] The team colors wereroyal blue andgold (with accessory red in the logo:helm and baseball seams).
Seattle had long been a hotbed forminor league baseball and was home to theSeattle Rainiers, one of the pillars of thePacific Coast League (PCL). At the time, Seattle was the third-biggest metropolitan area on theWest Coast. The then-Cleveland Indians (now Guardians) briefly considered a move to Seattle in 1964 but opted to stay in the city. In 1967,Charles Finley looked to move hisKansas City Athletics to Seattle, but ended up moving theAthletics toOakland, California instead. There was no real competition from other professional teams at the time in the city. While Seattle had landed theNational Basketball Association (NBA)'sSuperSonics (now theOklahoma City Thunder) in 1967, the NBA was not as popular as baseball was at the time.[5] TheNFL would come to the city in 1976 with the addition of the expansionSeahawks, followed by theNHL in 2021 with the addition of the expansionKraken.
In an ominous sign of things to come, Soriano found himself short of cash after making little effort to find locally-based partners. He had to askWilliam R. Daley, who owned the Indians during the time they flirted with moving to Seattle, to underwrite much of the purchase price. In return, Soriano sold Daley 47% of the stock. Daley became the team's largest shareholder and chairman of the board, while Soriano remained team president.[6]
A couple of factors were beyond the Pilots' control. They were originally not set to start play until1971 along with theKansas City Royals. However, the date was moved up to1969 under pressure fromSenatorStuart Symington ofMissouri. Professional baseball had been played in Kansas City in one form or another from1883 until the A's left forOakland after the1967 season, and Symington would not accept the prospect of Kansas City having to wait three years for baseball to return there.[7] The American League would not allow only one new team to enter the league, as the resulting odd number of teams would unbalance the schedule. That meant that Kansas City and Seattle had to be admitted together.
Despite Soriano having been president of the PCL, he had to pay the PCL $1 million to compensate for the loss of one of its longest-standing and most successful franchises. AfterKing County voters approved a bond for adomed stadium (what would become theKingdome) in February 1968 with 62 percent in favor,[8][9][10][11] the Seattle Pilots were officially born.[12][13]California Angels executiveMarvin Milkes was hired as general manager,[12] andJoe Schultz, a coach with theNational League championSt. Louis Cardinals, becamemanager.[14][15]
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With expansion to twelve teams in each league came a realignment into two divisions. Unlike theNational League, the AL owners voted to align strictly based on geography. On paper, the newly-formedAmerican League West was by far the weaker division, as it consisted of the two expansion teams and the four clubs that had finished sixth through ninth place in the 1968 campaign. TheOakland Athletics were the only AL West team that had a winning record in 1968, finishing 82–80.
Due to the favorable alignment, Schultz and Milkes both optimistically predicted that the Pilots could finish third in the new division.[16] However, the Pilots experienced the typical struggles of a first-year expansion team. They won their first game, and then their home opener three days later, but only won five more times in the first month. Nevertheless, the Pilots stayed within striking distance of .500 for much of the spring, and were only six games out of the AL West lead as late as June 28. But a disastrous 9–20 July ended even a faint hope of any kind of contention, though they were still in third place as late as August. However, a 6–22 August sent them into the AL West basement for good. The team finished theseason with a record of 64–98, 33 games behind division winnerMinnesota and five games behind their expansion brethren, theRoyals.[17] OnlyCleveland had a worse record in the American League. On the plus side, they did finish 12 games ahead of the two National League expansion teams,Montreal andSan Diego, both of whom lost 110 games.
However, the team's poor play was the least of its troubles. The most obvious problem was Sick's Stadium. The longtime home of the Rainiers, it had once been considered one of the best ballparks in minor league baseball.[18] However, in 1964, the Rainiers sold the stadium to the city, which was more interested in building a freeway on the stadium site than maintaining it. Indeed, both the Indians and A's had balked at moving to Seattle because of Sick's rapid deterioration.[6] While a condition of awarding the Pilots to Seattle was that Sicks' had to be expanded to 30,000 seats, work did not really begin in earnest until January 1969. Only 18,000–19,500 seats (depending on the source) were ready byOpening Day because of numerous delays.[19][6] The scoreboard was not even ready until the night before the season opener. By June there were finally 25,000 seats in place. Water pressure was almost nonexistent after the seventh inning, especially with crowds above 8,000.[20]
The Pilots had a total attendance of 677,944 people for the season, 20th out of 24 teams in Major League Baseball, and their average attendance per game, 8,268, was also 20th.[21] Seattle finished above fellow cellar dweller teams like theCleveland Indians,Chicago White Sox,Philadelphia Phillies, and the expansionSan Diego Padres. The other two expansion teams outdrew the Pilots, with theKansas City Royals having 902,414 attend their games while theMontreal Expos finished 10th in attendance with 1,212,608. The highest attendance for a Pilots home game was 23,657, on August 3 against theNew York Yankees.[22] The lowest attendance for a Pilot home game was on April 29, their 17th game, when a reported 1,954 fans showed up to watch them play the California Angels.[23] The Pilots lost several hundred thousand dollars their first and only season.[24] The team's new stadium was slated to be built at theSeattle Center,[25] but a petition by stadium opponents ground the project to a halt.[26] The project was later moved tosouth of downtown and developed for theKingdome.[11]
Additionally, the Pilots were severely underfinanced. The Sorianos were forced to bring Daley into their group after making almost no effort to court Seattle-based partners. However, the American League did not even consider any other prospective owners. When league presidentJoe Cronin scouted out the city in 1967, his only interview was with Soriano. Despite their straitened financial condition, the Sorianos balked at corporate support, a critical factor even in those days for sports franchises.[6]
By the end of the season, the Pilots were gasping. However, Daley refused to put up more financing. It was obvious that they would not survive long enough to move into their new park without new ownership.[27] It was also obvious that the timetable for a new stadium would have to be significantly advanced, as Sicks' Stadium was inadequate even for temporary use.
It turned out both the league and commissioner's offices were concerned about the Pilots' viability as well. As early as June, an MLB memo envisaged the Pilots moving to Milwaukee.[6] During the offseason, Soriano made contact with car salesman and formerMilwaukee Braves minority ownerBud Selig, who was leading the effort to bring major league baseball back to Milwaukee. They met in secret for over a month towards the end of the season, and duringGame 1 of the World Series, Soriano agreed to sell the Pilots to Selig for $10.8 million.[28] Selig would then move the team to Milwaukee. However, the remaining owners of the Pilots turned it down in the face of pressure from Washington's two senators,Warren Magnuson andHenry M. "Scoop" Jackson, as well as state attorney generalSlade Gorton.
Local theater chain owner Fred Danz, restaurateur Dave Cohn, andWestin Hotels headEddie Carlson came forward with an offer to buy out the Sorianos and reduce Daley's stake to 30 percent. The $10 million deal received preliminary approval in December. However, the deal fizzled when it emerged that three months earlier, theBank of California had called in a $4 million loan (or $3.5 million, depending on the source) it made to the Soriano-Daley group to finance the purchase of the franchise. No one in the American League knew that the loan had even existed. Faced with having to raise more money than expected, Danz walked away.[29][6] In January 1970, Carlson put together a nonprofit group, modeled loosely on theownership structure of theNational Football League'sGreen Bay Packers, to buy the team.[30] However, the other American League owners rejected the idea almost out of hand.Chicago White Sox ownerJohn Allyn expressed the concerns of the owners when he said that under Carlson's plan, "no one person, group, or firm" would be responsible for team expenses. The owners also feared it would devalue the other clubs' worth. A slightly modified deal came one vote short of approval.[31][6]
After a winter and spring full of court action, the owners loaned Soriano and Daley $650,000 to send the team tospring training and settle the Pilots' most immediate debts. Under new managerDave Bristol, the Pilots arrived for spring training inTempe, Arizona unsure of where they would play. However, Soriano and Daley declared bankruptcy, claiming that the loan was not enough to keep the team alive. The league stripped Soriano and Daley of their authority over the Pilots and took control of the team.[6]
Soon afterward, the league gave tentative approval to sell the Pilots to Selig's Milwaukee group, but final approval was delayed due to the state seeking an injunction to stop the sale. PNSI's bankruptcy filing, however, was intended toforestall post-sale legal action.[32] At the bankruptcy hearing a week later, Milkes testified there was not enough money to pay the coaches, players, and office staff. Had Milkes been more than 10 days late in paying the players, they would have all become free agents and the AL would have been reduced to eleven teams for the1970 season, which would have left the schedule in chaos.[33] With this in mind and with no credible alternatives to Selig's offer,Federal Bankruptcy Referee Sidney C. Volinn declared the Pilots bankrupt on March 31—seven days before Opening Day—clearing the way for them to move to Milwaukee. The team's equipment had been sitting inProvo, Utah, with the drivers awaiting word on whether to drive toward Seattle or Milwaukee.[34]
Selig intended to change the team's colors to navy and red in honor of theminor-league Brewers of his youth. Instead, due to the move being finalized at such a late date, the Brewers were stuck using old blue and gold Pilots' uniforms, with the team name replaced. Blue and gold remain the Brewers' colors today although the shades have been darker since 2000. The move also came too late forTopps to change its baseball cards for the 1970 season, so the 1970 Topps set has cards for the Pilots.[35]
Jim Bouton was a Pilots relief pitcher through most of1969, after the team bought his contract from theNew York Yankees in mid-1968.[36] His bookBall Four is based on a journal that he kept during the 1969 season.[37] Bouton spent most of the season with Seattle, although he was traded to theHouston Astros in late August.[38]
In 1970, in the aftermath of the Pilots' purchase and relocation to Milwaukee, the City of Seattle,King County, and the state of Washington (represented by then-State Attorney GeneralSlade Gorton) sued the American League forbreach of contract.[39] Confident that Major League Baseball would return to Seattle within a few years, King County built the multi-purpose Kingdome, which would become home to theNFL's expansionSeattle Seahawks in1976. The construction of the Kingdome had originally been approved by area voters as a condition of getting the Pilots, but hadn't begun prior to the Pilots leaving for Milwaukee.
The Pilots lawsuit continued until 1976. At trial, the American League offered to give Seattle an expansion baseball franchise in return for dropping the suit,[39][40] and details were ironed out over the next year. To keep the league with an even number of teams, a formal expansion proceeding was held, with a second team, theBlue Jays, being awarded to the city ofToronto (also allowing both leagues to place a team in Canada, theNational League'sMontreal Expos [now theWashington Nationals] having been established in 1969). The new Seattle team, to begin play in1977, would be owned by a consortium led by entertainerDanny Kaye, along with Stanley Golub, Walter Schoenfeld, Lester Smith, James Stillwell, Jr. and James A. Walsh. Seattle's new team would be known as theMariners and would initially incorporate the same blue and gold colors used by the Pilots. Since 1993, the team's colors have been navy blue, teal, and silver.[41]
| Year | Record | Win % | Place | Playoffs | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1969 | 64–98 | .395 | 6th in AL West | — | The only season in Seattle. |
Just like that, the long-held plans to don the Brewers in red and navy were scrapped. Instead, the team simply adopted the nautical theme of the Pilots, who wore cream home uniforms accented with royal blue and yellow or gold.
