Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム

Jump to content

Seat of government

Edit links

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected fromSeat of local government)

Place from which a governmental entity exercises its authority

Aseat of government is a "building, complex of buildings or the city from which a government exercises its authority".^[1] When referring to a city, the seat of government is generally thecapital of thestate oradministrative entity in question, althoughthere are exceptions. Particular terms for the seat of certainterritorial subdivisions areadministrative centre,county seat (common in the United States),county town (United Kingdom and Ireland), orbarrio-pueblo (Puerto Rico), among others; buildings that may function as seats of government includeofficial residences,supreme court buildings, city ortown halls,administrative or executive buildings, shire orcounty halls,legislative buildings, andbarangay halls.

National seats of government

[edit]

Casa Rosada (Executive Seat) inBuenos Aires,Argentina

Examples of seats of national government include:

Canada: the city ofOttawa is the seat of government of Canada.^[2]
India: Three sites inRaisina Hill,New Delhi: theParliament House (legislative seat), theRashtrapati Bhavan,7, Lok Kalyan Marg (executive seat),Supreme Court of India (judicial seat).
Philippines: Four buildings inNational Capital Region (NCR)/Metro Manila, Philippines: theGSIS Building inPasay (Senate of the Philippines) andBatasang Pambansa Complex inQuezon City:House of Representatives of the Philippines (legislative seat), theMalacañang Palace (executive seat), andSupreme Court of the Philippines (judicial seat) inManila.
United Kingdom: Three sites inLondon: thePalace of Westminster (legislative seat),10 Downing Street (executive seat), andMiddlesex Guildhall (judicial seat).
United States: the US Constitution provides that the federal district shall be the seat of government of the United States. TheDistrict of Columbia was established under this section.^[3]

List of seats of country government which are not country capitals

[edit]

There are several countries where, for various reasons, the official capital andde facto seat of government are separated:

Benin:Porto-Novo is the official capital, butCotonou is the seat of government.
Bolivia:Sucre is theconstitutional capital, and thesupreme tribunal of justice is located in Sucre, making it the judicial capital. ThePalacio Quemado, thenational congress andnational electoral court are located inLa Paz, making it the seat of government.
Eswatini (Swaziland):Lobamba is the traditional, spiritual, andlegislative capital city of Eswatini, seat of theParliament,^[4] while the capital isMbabane.
Israel andPalestine:Jerusalem is considered byIsrael to be the national capital since 1950 but was fully declared the undivided capital of the nation from 1980 according to theJerusalem Law, though most government offices are located inWest Jerusalem. This move is not recognized by the international community and thus the vast majority of embassies are located inTel Aviv. In addition, theState of Palestine also declaresEast Jerusalem or the entirety of Jerusalem as its capital but the seat of government resides inRamallah as does thePalestinian National Authority. (For more details see:Status of Jerusalem.)
Ivory Coast:Yamoussoukro was designated the national capital in 1983, but most government offices and embassies are still located inAbidjan.
Malaysia:Putrajaya the federal administrative centre of the Malaysia. The seat of government was shifted in 1999 fromKuala Lumpur to Putrajaya because of overcrowding and congestion in the former.
Montserrat: Its official capital isPlymouth, but it was permanently abandoned in 1997 after it was completely destroyed by the eruptions of theSoufrière Hills volcano. Since 1998 thede facto capital isBrades.^[5] The move was initially intended to be temporary, but it has remained the island'sde facto capital ever since.^[6] Several names have been suggested for the new official capital now being constructed in the Little Bay area.
Netherlands:Amsterdam is the constitutional national capital even though theDutch government, theparliament, thesupreme court, theCouncil of State, and thework palace of theKing are all located inThe Hague, as are almost all the embassies. (For more details see:Capital of the Netherlands.)
Sri Lanka:Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, commonly known as Kotte is the official administrative capital ofSri Lanka.^[7] It is a satellite city of and located within the urban area of Sri Lanka's de facto economic and legislative capital,Colombo.
Tanzania: Until 1974,Dar es Salaam served as Tanzania's capital city, at which point the capital city commenced transferring toDodoma, by order of then-president Julius Nyerere,^[8] which was officially completed in 1996. However, as of 2018^[update], it remained focus of central government bureaucracy, although this is in the process of fully moving to Dodoma.

Countries with no official capital

[edit]

Nauru:Yaren District (in earlier times Makwa/Moqua), is thede facto capital ofNauru; the republic does not have an official capital.^[9]^[10]
Switzerland: As of 2020^[update], no Swiss city holds an official status of national capital. In 1848, theFederal Assembly voted to locate the seat of government inBern, but no official status was granted to the city. The city has since been informally referred to as "Federal City".
Republic of China (Taiwan): Since 7 December 1949,Taipei has been theprovisional capital and the seat of government of the Republic of China after losing theChinese Civil War. AlthoughNanjing had been claimed as the nominal capital of the country, its claims were downplayed in the 1990s.^[11]^[12]

Historical examples

[edit]

Federal Republic of Germany: SinceGerman reunification in 1990 at the end of theCold War and until 1999,Berlin was its capital andBonn was the seat of government. However, theBerlin-Bonn Act specifies that many federal government institutions are to maintain a seat in Bonn indefinitely. Prior to reunification, the question as to what was thede jure capital was complicated by questions regarding the status of Berlin.
Kingdom of England: The traditional capital was theCity of London, whileWestminster, outside of the boundaries of the City of London, was the seat of government. They are both today part of the urban core ofGreater London.
Kingdom of France: The traditional capital wasParis, though in the periods 1682–1789 and 1871–1879 the seat of government was at thePalace of Versailles, located southwest of Paris.