Private housing estates in Hong Kong Chinese 私人屋苑
Private housing estate is a term used inHong Kong for private mass housing—ahousing estate built by a privatedeveloper , as opposed to apublic housing estate built by theHong Kong Housing Authority or theHong Kong Housing Society . It is usually characterised by a cluster of high-rise buildings, with its own market or shopping mall.Mei Foo Sun Chuen , built byMobil , is the earliest (1965) and largest by number of blocks (99).
Early real estate development in Hong Kong followed the urban street pattern: single blocks packed along streets, most managed independently, with quality varying from block to block. Private housing estates, on the other hand, provide integrated management throughout the whole estate, attracting more affluent residents.
Mei Foo Sun Chuen ,Taikoo Shing ,Whampoa Garden , andCity One Shatin are early notable examples. More projects followed, and the idea became widely accepted as the middle class of Hong Kong emerged.
There has been controversy over the "wall effect" (Chinese :屏風樓 , literally "folding screen building") caused by uniform high-rise developments that adversely impact air circulation, leading to an aggravation of theurban heat effect while also impacting public hygiene and contributing to air pollution.[ 1]
In 2006, the environmental group Green Sense[ 2] has expressed concern that their survey on 155 housing estates found 104 have a "wall-like' design". It cited estates inTai Kok Tsui andTseung Kwan O as the "best examples".[ 3]
Then-head of theplanning department , Ava Ng, argued that the air ventilation factor had been taken into consideration with regard to the auction of all prime sites on the land application list, and mentioned that the erection of tall buildings at these sites would not create any "wall effect".[ 4]
In May 2007, citing concern over developments inWest Kowloon , and nearTai Wai andYuen Long railway stations,Wong Kwok-hing , of theHong Kong Federation of Trade Unions , put forward a motion calling for measures to reduce screen-like buildings that maximise good views at the expense of air flow in densely populated areas. The motion was vetoed byfunctional constituency representatives.[ 5] [ 6]
The following is a partial list of private housing estates in Hong Kong:
Name Chinese name Area Completed No. blocks No. units Developer Photo Coordinates Baguio Villa 碧瑤灣 Pok Fu Lam 1975–1979 21 1,535 New World Development Bel-Air 貝沙灣 Cyberport 2004 and 2008 32, with 47 individual houses 2,800 Pacific Century Premium Developments 22°15′42″N 114°07′48″E / 22.2617°N 114.1301°E /22.2617; 114.1301 (Bel-Air Residence ) The Belcher's 寶翠園 Shek Tong Tsui 2001 6 2,136 Shun Tak Holdings Ltd Sun Hung Kai Properties New World Development Beverly Hill 比華利山 Happy Valley 1988 10 698 Henderson Land Development Hang Lung Properties City Garden 城市花園 North Point 1980s 14 2,393 Cheung Kong 22°17′11″N 114°11′29″E / 22.28637°N 114.19152°E /22.28637; 114.19152 (City Garden ) 39 Conduit Road 天匯 Mid-Levels 2009 1 66 Henderson Land Development 22°16′54″N 114°08′49″E / 22.2816°N 114.1469°E /22.2816; 114.1469 Grand Promenade 嘉亨灣 Sai Wan Ho 2006 5 2,020 Henderson Land DevelopmentThe Hongkong and Yaumati Ferry Co Ltd. 22°17′06″N 114°13′29″E / 22.2850°N 114.2247°E /22.2850; 114.2247 Heng Fa Chuen 杏花邨 Chai Wan 1982 48 6,504 MTR Corporation Kerry Properties 22°16′32″N 114°14′30″E / 22.2756°N 114.2416°E /22.2756; 114.2416 Highcliff 曉盧 Happy Valley 2003 1 113 Central Development Limited 22°15′54″N 114°11′3″E / 22.26500°N 114.18417°E /22.26500; 114.18417 (Highcliff ) Hong Kong Parkview 陽明山莊 Tai Tam 1989 18 984 Chyau Fwu 22°15′27″N 114°11′59″E / 22.2575°N 114.1996°E /22.2575; 114.1996 Island Resort 藍灣半島 Chai Wan 2001 4 3,098 Sino Land 22°15′56″N 114°15′04″E / 22.2655°N 114.2512°E /22.2655; 114.2512 Kornhill 康怡花園 Quarry Bay 1986 44 8,831 Hang Lung Properties New World DevelopmentMTR Properties 22°16′58″N 114°12′59″E / 22.282778°N 114.216389°E /22.282778; 114.216389 The Leighton Hill 禮頓山 Happy Valley 2002 8 544 Sun Hung Kai Properties Les Saisons 逸濤灣 Sai Wan Ho 2001 4 864 Swire Properties China Motor Bus Sun Hung Kai Properties Nam Fung Sun Chuen 南豐新邨 Quarry Bay 1978 12 2,826 Nam Fung Group 22°16′58″N 114°12′48″E / 22.2829°N 114.2134°E /22.2829; 114.2134 Opus Hong Kong 傲璇 Stubbs Road 2012 1 12 Swire Properties 22°16′09″N 114°10′27″E / 22.2693°N 114.1742°E /22.2693; 114.1742 Redhill Peninsula 紅山半島 Tai Tam 1990 and 1992 4 490 Sino LandChinachem South Horizons 海怡半島 Ap Lei Chau 1990s 34 9,812 Hutchison Whampoa Property 22°14′36″N 114°08′51″E / 22.2433°N 114.1475°E /22.2433; 114.1475 Taikoo Shing 太古城 Quarry Bay 1980s 61 12,698 Swire 22°17′11″N 114°13′03″E / 22.2863°N 114.2176°E /22.2863; 114.2176
Name Chinese name Area Completed No. blocks No. units Developer Photo Coordinates Amoy Gardens 淘大花園 Ngau Tau Kok 1987 19 4,896 Hang Lung Properties 22°19′28″N 114°12′59″E / 22.3244°N 114.2165°E /22.3244; 114.2165 The Arch 凱旋門 Union Square 2006 4 1,054 Sun Hung Kai Properties 22°18′13″N 114°9′47″E / 22.30361°N 114.16306°E /22.30361; 114.16306 The Cullinan 天璽 Union Square 2008 2 825 Sun Hung Kai Properties 22°18′19.4″N 114°09′38.8″E / 22.305389°N 114.160778°E /22.305389; 114.160778 Grand Waterfront 翔龍灣 Ma Tau Kok 2006 5 1782 Henderson Land Development Hong Kong and China Towngas The Harbourfront Landmark 海名軒 Hung Hom 2001 3 324 Cheung Kong Holdings 22°18′12″N 114°11′35″E / 22.30333°N 114.19306°E /22.30333; 114.19306 The Harbourside 君臨天下 Union Square 2004 3 1,122 Hang Lung PropertiesMTR Corporation 22°18′11.0″N 114°9′42.0″E / 22.303056°N 114.161667°E /22.303056; 114.161667 Island Harbourview 維港灣 Tai Kok Tsui 2000 9 2,314 MTR CorporationSino Land Bank of China (Hong Kong) Kerry Properties China Overseas Land and Investment Laguna City 麗港城 Lam Tin 1991 38 8,072 Cheung KongHutchison Whampoa Property 22°17′06″N 114°09′32″E / 22.2850°N 114.1588°E /22.2850; 114.1588 The Long Beach 浪澄灣 Tai Kok Tsui 2006 8 1,829 Hang Lung Properties Manhattan Hill 曼克頓山 Lai Chi Kok 2007 5 1,115 Sun Hung Kai Properties The Masterpiece 名鑄 Tsim Sha Tsui 2007 1 345 New World Development Urban Renewal Authority 22°17′51″N 114°10′26″E / 22.29750°N 114.17389°E /22.29750; 114.17389 Mei Foo Sun Chuen 美孚新邨 Lai Chi Kok 1965 99 13,500 Mobil 22°20′17″N 114°08′20″E / 22.3380°N 114.1390°E /22.3380; 114.1390 Parc Oasis 又一居 Yau Yat Chuen 1995 32 1,822 Wheelock & Co. Sino Group 22°20′02″N 114°10′26″E / 22.3339°N 114.1740°E /22.3339; 114.1740 Royal Peninsula 半島豪庭 Hung Hom 2001 5 1,669 Sun Hung Kai Properties Henderson Land 22°18′17″N 114°11′02″E / 22.30472°N 114.18389°E /22.30472; 114.18389 Sceneway Garden 匯景花園 Lam Tin 1992 17 4,112 Cheung Kong Hutchison Whampoa Property 22°18′25″N 114°13′58″E / 22.3069°N 114.2327°E /22.3069; 114.2327 Telford Gardens 德福花園 Ngau Tau Kok 1980 41 4,992 Mass Transit Railway Corporation Hang Lung PropertiesHopewell Holdings 22°19′29″N 114°12′44″E / 22.3247°N 114.2122°E /22.3247; 114.2122 Victoria Towers 港景峰 Tsim Sha Tsui 2003 3 988 Cheung Kong Hutchison Whampoa Property Whampoa Garden 黃埔花園 Hung Hom 1980s 88 10,431 Whampoa Dockyards Hutchison Whampoa Property22°18′15″N 114°11′32″E / 22.3041°N 114.1922°E /22.3041; 114.1922
Kwai Tsing District [ edit ] Name Chinese name Area Completed No. blocks No. units Developer Photo Coordinates The Grandiose 君傲灣 Tseung Kwan O 2006 3 1,472 New World Development 22°10′59″N 114°09′15″E / 22.1830°N 114.1541°E /22.1830; 114.1541 LOHAS Park 日出康城 Lohas Park 2008–ongoing 78 23,132 MTR Corporation and others22°17′42″N 114°16′16″E / 22.295°N 114.271°E /22.295; 114.271 The Beaumount 峻瀅 Lohas Park 2013–2016 9 2,649 Cheung Kong 22°10′30″N 114°09′47″E / 22.1751°N 114.1630°E /22.1751; 114.1630 Manor Hill 海茵莊園 Lohas Park 2022 2 1,556 Kowloon Development and others[ 22°10′29″N 114°09′45″E / 22.1747°N 114.1625°E /22.1747; 114.1625 Ocean Shores 維景灣畔 Tiu Keng Leng 2001–2003 17 5,728 Swire Properties Sun Hung Kai Properties22°18′09″N 114°15′12″E / 22.3024°N 114.2532°E /22.3024; 114.2532 Metro Town 都會駅 Tiu Keng Leng 2006–2007 9 3,771 Nan Fung /MTR/Cheung Kong22°10′54″N 114°09′03″E / 22.1817°N 114.1507°E /22.1817; 114.1507 Oscar by the Sea 清水灣半島 Pak Shing Kok 2002 7 1,959 Sun Hung Kai Properties 22°10′57″N 114°09′36″E / 22.1826°N 114.1600°E /22.1826; 114.1600 East Point City 東港城 Hang Hau 1997 7 2,184 Sun Hung Kai Properties 22°11′09″N 114°09′20″E / 22.1858°N 114.1555°E /22.1858; 114.1555 La Cite Noble 新寶城 Hang Hau 1999 6 2,184 Henderson Land Development 22°11′06″N 114°09′21″E / 22.1850°N 114.1558°E /22.1850; 114.1558 Residence Oasis 蔚藍灣畔 Hang Hau 2004 6 2,133 Sino Land/MTR/Kerry Properties 22°11′08″N 114°09′19″E / 22.1856°N 114.1553°E /22.1856; 114.1553 Nan Fung Plaza 南豐廣場 Hang Hau 1999 5 1,614 Bright Region and others22°11′07″N 114°09′18″E / 22.1852°N 114.1550°E /22.1852; 114.1550 Maritime Bay 海悅豪園 Hang Hau 1998 2 736 Sino Land 22°11′07″N 114°09′20″E / 22.1852°N 114.1556°E /22.1852; 114.1556 Tseung Kwan O Plaza 將軍澳廣場 Tseung Kwan O 2004 8 2,880 Nan Fung Group 22°18′32″N 114°15′44″E / 22.3089°N 114.2621°E /22.3089; 114.2621 The Papillons 海翩匯 Tseung Kwan O 2018 11 857 Chinacheng Group 22°10′52″N 114°09′16″E / 22.1812°N 114.1545°E /22.1812; 114.1545 Savannah Tseung Kwan O 2017 13 804 Wheelock 22°10′55″N 114°09′18″E / 22.1820°N 114.1551°E /22.1820; 114.1551 Monterey Tseung Kwan O 2018 34 926 Wheelock 22°10′51″N 114°09′16″E / 22.1809°N 114.1545°E /22.1809; 114.1545 Alto Residences 藍塘傲 Tseung Kwan O 2018 30 605 Lai Sung Group /Empire Group22°10′51″N 114°09′10″E / 22.1809°N 114.1529°E /22.1809; 114.1529 Capri Tseung Kwan O 2017 23 428 Wheelock 22°10′52″N 114°09′09″E / 22.1810°N 114.1525°E /22.1810; 114.1525 The Wings 天晉 Tseung Kwan O 2011-2017 41 3,726 Sun Hung Kai 22°10′58″N 114°09′12″E / 22.1828°N 114.1533°E /22.1828; 114.1533 Corinthia by the Sea 帝景灣 Tseung Kwan O 2016 7 536 Sino Land/K.Wah 22°10′53″N 114°09′12″E / 22.1813°N 114.1534°E /22.1813; 114.1534 Park Central 將軍澳中心 Tseung Kwan O 2002-2005 12 4,542 MTR and others 22°10′57″N 114°09′09″E / 22.1825°N 114.1525°E /22.1825; 114.1525 The Parkside Tseung Kwan O 2015 5 591 Wheelock 22°10′55″N 114°09′14″E / 22.1819°N 114.1538°E /22.1819; 114.1538 Twin Peaks 嘉悅 Tseung Kwan O 2016 2 372 K.Wah 22°10′54″N 114°09′14″E / 22.1816°N 114.1539°E /22.1816; 114.1539 Metro City 新都城 Po Lam 1996-2000 21 6,768 Henderson Land Development 22°11′31″N 114°09′09″E / 22.1920°N 114.1524°E /22.1920; 114.1524 Well On Garden 慧安園 Po Lam 1994 4 1,280 Nan Fung Group 22°11′33″N 114°09′05″E / 22.1926°N 114.1513°E /22.1926; 114.1513 Finery Park 富麗花園 Po Lam 1994 2 688 Henderson Land Development 22°11′33″N 114°09′05″E / 22.1925°N 114.1515°E /22.1925; 114.1515 Serenity Place 怡心園 Po Lam 1999 5 1,526 Hong Kong Housing Society 22°11′31″N 114°09′04″E / 22.1920°N 114.1512°E /22.1920; 114.1512 Radiant Towers 旭輝臺 Po Lam 1998 2 704 Hong Kong Housing Society 22°11′32″N 114°09′06″E / 22.1923°N 114.1516°E /22.1923; 114.1516
Name Chinese name Area Completed No. blocks No. units Developer Photo Coordinates Allway Gardens 荃威花園 Tsuen Wan 1978 and 1981 16 3,423 Hopewell Holdings 22°22′44″N 114°06′28″E / 22.3788°N 114.1078°E /22.3788; 114.1078 Bayview Garden 灣景花園 Tsuen Wan 1993 5 1,200 Hang Lung Properties 22°22′11″N 114°05′58″E / 22.369702°N 114.099369°E /22.369702; 114.099369 Belvedere Garden 麗城花園 Tsuen Wan West 1987–1991 19 6,016 Cheung Kong Holdings 22°22′19″N 114°06′07″E / 22.3719°N 114.1020°E /22.3719; 114.1020 City Point 環宇海灣 Tsuen Wan 2014 7 1,717 Cheung Kong HoldingsNan Fung MTR Corporation Discovery Park 愉景新城 Tsuen Wan 1998 12 3,360 Hong Kong Resort Company The Dynasty 御凱 Tsuen Wan 2009 2 256 Sino Land Urban Renewal Authority 22°22′05″N 114°06′51″E / 22.36793°N 114.11411°E /22.36793; 114.11411 Luk Yeung Sun Chuen 綠楊新邨 Tsuen Wan 1984 17 4,056 Mass Transit Railway Corporation and others22°22′25″N 114°07′12″E / 22.3736°N 114.1199°E /22.3736; 114.1199 Riviera Gardens 海濱花園 Tsuen Wan 1990 20 5,692 Caltex New World Development Serenade Cove 韻濤居 Tsuen Wan West 2001 3 792 The Wharf (Holdings) 22°22′21″N 114°06′11″E / 22.3725°N 114.1031°E /22.3725; 114.1031 Tsuen King Garden 荃景花園 Tsuen Wan 1988 12 3,024 Tsuen Wan Centre 荃灣中心 Tsuen Wan 1989 20 5,692 Vision City 萬景峯 Tsuen Wan West 2007 5 1,446 Urban Renewal Authority Waterside Plaza 海灣花園 Tsuen Wan 1991 4 822
^ "The Vertical City, Part I: How Hong Kong Grew up so high" . 6 October 2016.^ "環保觸覺" .^ Yung, Chester (21 December 2006)." 'Asia's walled city' leaves – residents longing for air" .The Standard . Archived fromthe original on 17 December 2007. Retrieved21 March 2007 . ^ Carol Chung,'Wall effect' argument rejected Archived 22 May 2011 at theWayback Machine , The Standard, 17 April 2007 ^ Michael NgScreen-effect motion vetoed Archived 22 May 2011 at theWayback Machine , The Standard, 10 May 2007 ^ Olga Wong, "Call for law against 'wall effect' fails ",South China Morning Post , 10 May 2007
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