Scott Fahlman | |
|---|---|
 Fahlman in 2007 | |
| Born | Scott Elliott Fahlman (1948-03-21)March 21, 1948 (age 77) Medina, Ohio, U.S. |
| Education | Massachusetts Institute of Technology B.S.,M.S. (1973) Ph.D. (1977) |
| Known for | Automated planning and scheduling:blocks world Semantic networks Neural networks Dylan Common Lisp:CMU Common Lisp Lucid Inc. |
| Awards | Fellow,American Association for Artificial Intelligence |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Computer science Natural language processing |
| Institutions | Carnegie Mellon University |
| Thesis | NETL: A System for Representing and Using Real-World Knowledge (1977) |
| Doctoral advisor | Gerald Jay Sussman |
| Other academic advisors | Patrick Winston |
| Doctoral students | David S. Touretzky Michael Witbrock |
| Website | www |
Scott Elliott Fahlman (born March 21, 1948) is an Americancomputer scientist andProfessorEmeritus atCarnegie Mellon University'sLanguage Technologies Institute and Computer Science Department. He is notable for early work onautomated planning and scheduling in ablocks world, onsemantic networks, onneural networks (especially the cascade correlation algorithm), on theprogramming languagesDylan, andCommon Lisp (especiallyCMU Common Lisp), and he was one of the founders ofLucid Inc. During the period when it wasstandardized, he was recognized as "the leader of Common Lisp."[1] From 2006 to 2015, Fahlman was engaged in developing aknowledge base namedScone, based in part on his thesis work on the NETL Semantic Network.[2] He also is credited with coining the use of theemoticon.
Fahlman was born inMedina, Ohio, the son of Lorna May (Dean) and John Emil Fahlman. He attended theMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he received aBachelor of Science (B.S.) andMaster of Science (M.S.) degree inelectrical engineering andcomputer science in 1973, and aDoctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) inartificial intelligence in 1977. He has noted that his doctoral diploma says the degree was awarded for "original research as demonstrated by a thesis in the field of Artificial Intelligence" and suggested that it may be the first doctorate to use that term.[3] He is afellow of theAmerican Association for Artificial Intelligence.
Fahlman acted as thesis advisor for Donald Cohen, David B. McDonald,David S. Touretzky, Skef Wholey, Justin Boyan,Michael Witbrock, and Alicia Tribble Sagae.
From May 1996 to July 2001, Fahlman directed theJustsystem Pittsburgh Research Center.
In 1983, Fahlman,Geoffrey Hinton, andTerry Sejnowski published a paper in Proceedings of the AAAI-83 Conference, Washington DC, August 1983. The paper was titled as "Massively Parallel Architectures for AI: NETL, Thistle and Boltzmann Machines".
Fahlman was not the first to suggest the concept of theemoticon – a similar concept for a marker appeared in an article ofReader's Digest in May 1967, although that idea was never put into practice.[4]
In an interview printed inThe New York Times in 1969,Vladimir Nabokov noted:
"I often think there should exist a special typographical sign for a smile – some sort of concave mark, a supine round bracket."[5]
Fahlman is credited with originating the firstsmiley emoticon,[6][7][8] which he thought would help people on a message board at Carnegie Mellon to distinguish serious posts from jokes. He proposed the use of:-) and:-( for this purpose, and the symbols caught on. The original message from which these symbols originated was posted on 19 September 1982. The message was recovered by Jeff Baird on 10 September 2002 and read:[9]
19-Sep-82 11:44 Scott E Fahlman :-)From: Scott E Fahlman <Fahlman at Cmu-20c>I propose that the following character sequence for joke markers::-)Read it sideways. Actually, it is probably more economical to markthings that are NOT jokes, given current trends. For this, use:-(
Scone is a high-performance, open-source knowledge-base (KB) system intended for use as a component in many different software applications.
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