Scooby-Doo was originally broadcast onCBS from 1969 to 1976, when it moved toABC. ABC aired various versions ofScooby-Doo until canceling it in 1986, and presented aspin-off featuring the characters as children calledA Pup Named Scooby-Doo from 1988 until 1991. TwoScooby-Doo reboots aired as part ofKids' WB onThe WB and its successorThe CW from 2002 until 2008. Further reboots were produced forCartoon Network beginning in 2010 and continuing through 2018. Repeats of the variousScooby-Doo series are frequently broadcast on Cartoon Network's sister channelBoomerang in the United States and other countries. The most recentScooby-Doo series,Scooby-Doo and Guess Who?, premiered on June 27, 2019, as an original series onBoomerang's streaming service and laterHBO Max.
In 2013,TV Guide rankedScooby-Doo the fifth-greatest TV cartoon of all time.[2]
Development
In 1968,parent-run organizations, particularlyAction for Children's Television (ACT), began protesting what they perceived as excessive violence in Saturday-morning cartoons.[3] Most of these shows wereHanna-Barbera action cartoons such asSpace Ghost,The Herculoids, andBirdman and the Galaxy Trio, and virtually all of them were canceled by 1969 because of pressure from the parent groups.[4] Members of these watch groups served as advisers to Hanna-Barbera and other animation studios to ensure that new programs would be safe for children.
Fred Silverman, an executive fordaytime programming atCBS, was then looking for a show that would both revitalize his Saturday-morning line and please the watch groups. The result wasThe Archie Show fromFilmation, based onBob Montana's teenage humor comic bookArchie. Also successful were the musical numbersThe Archies performed during each program (one of which, "Sugar, Sugar", was the most successfulBillboardnumber-one hit of 1969). Eager to build upon this success, Silverman contacted producersWilliam Hanna andJoseph Barbera about creating another show based on a teenage rock group, this time featuring teens who solved mysteries between gigs. Silverman envisioned the show as a cross between the popularI Love a Mysteryradioserials of the 1940s and the Archie characters or the popular early 1960s television seriesThe Many Loves of Dobie Gillis.[5]
After attempting to develop his version of the show, calledHouse of Mystery,[6] Barbera, who developed and sold Hanna-Barbera shows while Hanna produced them,[6] passed the task along to story writersJoe Ruby andKen Spears, as well as artist/character designerIwao Takamoto. Their treatment, based in part onThe Archie Show, was titledMysteries Five and featured five teenagers: Geoff, Mike, Kelly, Linda, and Linda's brother W.W., along with theirbongo-playing dog, Too Much, who collectively formed the band Mysteries Five. When The Mysteries Five were not performing at gigs, they were out solving spooky mysteries involving ghosts,zombies, and other supernatural creatures. Ruby and Spears were unable to decide whether Too Much would be a large cowardly dog or a small feisty one.[6] When the former was chosen, Ruby and Spears wrote Too Much as aGreat Dane but revised the dog character to a largesheepdog (similar to the Archies' sheepdog,Hot Dog) just before their presentation to Silverman, as Ruby feared the character would be too similar to the comic strip characterMarmaduke.[6] Silverman rejected their initial pitch, and after consulting with Barbera on next steps, got Barbera's permission to go ahead with Too Much being a Great Dane instead of a sheepdog.[6][7]
During the design phase, lead character designer Takamoto consulted a studio colleague who was abreeder of Great Danes. After learning the characteristics of a prize-winning Great Dane from her, Takamoto proceeded to break most of the rules and designed Too Much with overly bowed legs, adouble chin, and a sloped back, among other abnormalities.[8][9]
Ruby and Spears' second pass at the show usedDobie Gillis as the template for the teenagers rather thanArchie. The treatment retained the dog Too Much, while reducing the number of teenagers to four, removing the Mike character and retaining Geoff, Kelly, Linda, and W.W.[7] As their personalities were modified, so were the characters' names: Geoff became "Ronnie"[10]—later renamed "Fred" (at Silverman's behest),[11] Kelly became "Daphne", Linda "Velma", and W.W. "Shaggy". The teens were now based on four teenage characters fromThe Many Loves of Dobie Gillis:Dobie Gillis, Thalia Menninger,Zelda Gilroy andMaynard G. Krebs, respectively.[6][12][13]
The revised show was re-pitched to Silverman, who liked the material but, disliking the titleMysteries Five, decided to call the showWho's S-S-Scared?[14] Silverman presentedWho's S-S-Scared? to the CBS executives as the centerpiece for the upcoming 1969–70 season's Saturday-morning cartoon block. CBS presidentFrank Stanton felt that the presentation artwork was too scary for young viewers and, thinking the show would be the same, decided to pass on it.[7][14]
Now without a centerpiece for the upcoming season's programming, Silverman had Ruby, Spears, and the Hanna-Barbera staff revise the treatments and presentation materials to tone down the show and better reflect its comedy elements. The rock band element was dropped, and more attention was focused on Shaggy and Too Much. According to Ruby and Spears, Silverman was inspired byFrank Sinatra'sscat "doo-be-doo-be-doo" at the end of his recording of "Strangers in the Night" on ared-eye flight to one of the development meetings, and decided to rename the dog "Scooby-Doo" and retitled the showScooby-Doo, Where Are You![7][15] The revised show was re-presented to CBS executives, who approved it for production.
CBS years (1969–76)
Every episode of the originalScooby-Doo format contains a penultimate scene in which the heroes unmask the seemingly supernatural antagonist to reveal a real person in a costume, as in this scene from "Nowhere to Hyde", an episode ofScooby-Doo, Where Are You! originally aired on CBS on September 12, 1970.
Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!
The first episode ofScooby-Doo, Where Are You! "What a Night for a Knight" debuted on the CBS network Saturday, September 13, 1969, at 10:30 AM Eastern Time. The originalvoice cast featuredDon Messick as Scooby-Doo,Casey Kasem as Shaggy,Frank Welker as Fred, actressNicole Jaffe as Velma, andIndira Stefanianna as Daphne.[16] Scooby's speech patterns closely resembled an earlier cartoon dog,Astro fromThe Jetsons (1962–63), also voiced by Messick.[1] Seventeen episodes ofScooby-Doo Where Are You! were produced in 1969–70. The series theme song was written by David Mook and Ben Raleigh, and performed by Larry Marks.
Each of these episodes features Scooby and the four teenage members of Mystery, Inc.—Fred,Shaggy,Daphne, andVelma—arriving at a location in the Mystery Machine, a van painted withpsychedelic colors andflower power imagery. Encountering a purportedly supernatural monster terrorizing the local populace, such as a ghost, they decide to investigate. The kids split up to look for clues and suspects, while being chased at turns by the monster. Eventually, the kids come to realize the paranormal activity is actually an elaborate hoax, and—often with the help of aRube Goldberg-like trap designed by Fred—they capture thecreature suit-wearing villain and unmask him or her. Revealed usually as a flesh and blood crook who used the costume to cover up their crimes, the villain is arrested and taken to jail, often with the catchphrase "if it weren't for those pesky/meddling kids". A few times though, the "villain" turns out to be innocent, such as a haywire robot or the owner disguised to scare away thieves.[17]
Scheduled opposite another teenage mystery-solving show, ABC'sThe Hardy Boys,Scooby-Doo became a ratings success, withNielsen ratings reporting that as many as 65% of Saturday-morning audiences were tuned in to CBS whenScooby-Doo was being broadcast.[6][7] The show was renewed for a second season in 1970, for which eight episodes were produced. Seven of the second-season episodes featured chase sequences set tobubblegum pop songs recorded byAustin Roberts,[18] who also re-recorded the theme song for this season. With Stefanianna Christopherson having married and retired from voice acting,Heather North assumed the role of Daphne, and she continued to voice the character until 1997.[19]
The TV influences ofI Love a Mystery andDobie Gillis were apparent in the first episode. Of the similarities between theScooby-Doo teens and theDobie Gillis teens, the similarities between Shaggy and Maynard are the most noticeable; both characters share the samebeatnik-stylegoatee, similar hairstyles, and demeanors.[6] The core premise ofScooby-Doo, Where Are You! was also similar toEnid Blyton'sFamous Five books. Both series featured four youths with a dog, and the Famous Five stories often revolved around a mystery which invariably turned out not to be supernaturally based, but simply a ruse todisguise the villain's true intent.
The role of each character was strongly defined in the series: Fred is the leader and the determined detective, Velma is the intelligent analyst, Daphne is danger-prone, Shaggy is a coward more motivated by hunger than any desire to solve mysteries, and Scooby is similar to Shaggy, save for aBob Hope-inspired tendency towards temporary bravery.[7] Later versions of the show made slight changes to the characters' established roles, such as showing the Daphne in 1990s and 2000sScooby-Doo productions as knowing many forms ofkarate and having the ability to defend herself, and reducing her tendency towards being kidnapped.
In the fall of 1972, new one-hour episodes under the titleThe New Scooby-Doo Movies were created; each episode featuring a real or fictitious guest star helping the gang solve mysteries, including characters from other Hanna-Barbera series such asHarlem Globetrotters,Josie and the Pussycats andSpeed Buggy, the comic book charactersBatman andRobin (adapted into their own Hanna-Barbera series,Super Friends, a year later), and celebrities such asSandy Duncan,The Addams Family,Cass Elliot,Phyllis Diller,Don Knotts andThe Three Stooges. Hanna-Barbera musical directorHoyt Curtin composed a new theme song for this series, and Curtin's theme remained in use for much ofScooby-Doo's original broadcast run. After two seasons and 24 episodes of theNew Movies format from 1972 to 1973, CBS began airing reruns of the originalScooby-Doo, Where Are You! series until its option on the series expired in 1976.[6]
ABC years (1976–91)
The Scooby-Doo Show andScooby's All-Star Laff-A-Lympics
Now president ofABC, Fred Silverman made a deal with Hanna-Barbera to bring new episodes ofScooby-Doo to the ABC Saturday-morning lineup, where the show went through almost yearly lineup changes. For their 1976–77 season, 16 new episodes of Scooby-Doo were joined with a new Hanna-Barbera show,Dynomutt, Dog Wonder, to createThe Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour (the show becameThe Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Show when a bonusScooby-Doo, Where Are You! rerun was added to the package in November 1976). Joe Ruby and Ken Spears, now working for Silverman as supervisors of the ABC Saturday-morning programs, returned the program to its originalScooby-Doo, Where Are You! format, with the addition of Scooby's dim-witted country cousinScooby-Dum, voiced byDaws Butler, as a recurring character.[6] The voice cast was held over fromThe New Scooby-Doo Movies save for Nicole Jaffe, who retired from acting in 1973.Pat Stevens took over her role as the voice of Velma.
Then Joe Ruby and Ken Spears left again to start their own studio in 1977 as competition for Hanna-Barbera.[21] They would remain away for the rest of the 1980s.
For the 1977–78 season,The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Show became the two-hour programming blockScooby's All-Star Laff-A-Lympics (1977–78) with the addition ofLaff-a-Lympics andCaptain Caveman and the Teen Angels. In addition to eight new episodes ofScooby-Doo and reruns of the 1969 show, Scooby-Doo also appeared during theAll-Star block'sLaff-a-Lympics series, which featured 45 Hanna-Barbera characters competing inBattle of the Network Stars-esque parodies ofOlympic sporting events. Scooby was seen as the team captain of theLaff-a-Lympics "Scooby-Doobies" team, which also featured Shaggy and Scooby-Dum among its members.
Scooby's All-Star Laff-a-Lympics was retitledScooby's All Stars for the 1978–79 season, reduced to 90 minutes whenDynomutt was spun off into its own half-hour and the 1969 reruns were dropped.Scooby's All-Stars continued broadcasting reruns ofScooby-Doo from 1976 and 1977, while new episodes ofScooby-Doo aired during a separate half-hour under theScooby-Doo, Where Are You! banner. After nine weeks, the separateWhere Are You! broadcast was cancelled, and the remainder of the 16 new 1978 episodes debuted during theScooby's All-Stars block.[22] The 40 totalScooby-Doo episodes produced from 1976 to 1978 were later packaged together forsyndication asThe Scooby-Doo Show, under which title they continue to air.
Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo
TheScooby-Doo characters first appeared outside of their regular Saturday-morning format inScooby Goes Hollywood, an hour-long ABCtelevision special aired inprime time on December 13, 1979. The special revolved around Shaggy and Scooby attempting to convince the network to move Scooby out of Saturday morning and into a prime-time series, and featured spoofs of then-current television series and films such asHappy Days,Superman: The Movie,Laverne & Shirley andCharlie's Angels.
In 1979, Scooby's tiny nephewScrappy-Doo was added to both the series and the billing, in an attempt to boostScooby-Doo's slippingratings.[23] The 1979–80 episodes, aired under the new titleScooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo as an independent half-hour show, succeeded in regenerating interest in the show.Lennie Weinrib voiced Scrappy in the 1979–80 episodes, with Don Messick assuming the role thereafter.[23] Marla Frumkin replaced Pat Stevens as the voice of Velma mid-season.
Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo shorts
As a result ofScooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo's success, the entire show was overhauled in 1980 to focus more upon Scrappy-Doo. At this time, Scooby-Doo started to walk and run anthropomorphically on two feet more often, rather than on four like a normal dog as he did previously. Fred, Daphne, and Velma were dropped from the series, and thenewScooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo format now consisted of three seven-minute comedic adventures starring Scooby, Scrappy, and Shaggy instead of one half-hour mystery. Most of the supernatural villains in the seven-minuteScooby and Scrappy cartoons, who in previousScooby series had been revealed to be human criminals incostume, were now real within the context of the series.
This version ofScooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo first aired from 1980 to 1982 as part ofThe Richie Rich/Scooby-Doo Show, an hour-long program also featuring episodes of Hanna-Barbera's newRichie Rich cartoon, adapted from theHarvey Comics character. From 1982 to 1983,Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo were part ofThe Scooby-Doo/Scrappy-Doo/Puppy Hour, a co-production withRuby-Spears Productions which featured twoScooby and Scrappy shorts, aScrappy and Yabba-Doo short featuring Scrappy-Doo and hisWestern deputy uncle Yabba-Doo, andThe Puppy's New Adventures, based on characters from a 1977 Ruby-Spears TV special. Despite the popularity, this was negatively hated by fans for how it dropped the mystery format and other main characters like Fred, Daphne, and Velma.
Beginning in 1980, a half-hour of reruns from previous incarnations ofScooby-Doo were broadcast on ABC Saturday mornings in addition to first-run episodes. Airing under the titlesScooby-Doo Classics,Scary Scooby Funnies,The Best of Scooby-Doo, andScooby's Mystery Funhouse, the rerun package remained on the air until the end of the 1986 season.[24]
The New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show
Scooby-Doo was restored to a standalone half-hour in 1983 withThe New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show in 1983, which comprised two 11-minute mysteries per episode in a format reminiscent of the originalScooby-Doo, Where Are You! mysteries. Heather North returned to the voice cast as Daphne, who in this incarnation solved mysteries with Shaggy, Scooby, and Scrappy while working undercover as a reporter for a teen magazine.
This version of the show lasted for two seasons, with the second season airing under the titleThe New Scooby-Doo Mysteries. The 1984–85 season episodes featured semi-regular appearances from Fred and Velma, with Frank Welker and Marla Frumkin resuming their respective roles for these episodes.
The 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo
1985 saw the debut ofThe 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo, which featured Daphne, Shaggy, Scooby, Scrappy, and new characters Flim-Flam (voiced bySusan Blu)[25] and Vincent Van Ghoul (based upon and voiced byVincent Price) traveling the globe to capture "thirteen of the most terrifying ghosts upon the face of the earth." The final first-run episode ofThe 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo aired in December 1985, and after its reruns were removed from the ABC lineup the following March, no newScooby series aired on the network for the next two years.
A Pup Named Scooby-Doo
In 1988, after ABC's initiative to shift its Saturday morning block toward preschoolers had spectacularly failed (in part, ABC alleged, due to the introduction ofpeople meters that preschoolers were too young to operate), ABC launched an initiative to revive classic properties that older children and parents of younger children would recognize.[26] Hanna-Barbera reincarnated the originalScooby-Doo, Where Are You! cast aselementary school students (a common trope in 1980s children's TV) for a new series titledA Pup Named Scooby-Doo, which debuted on ABC in 1988.A Pup Named Scooby-Doo was an irreverent re-imagining of the series, heavily inspired by the classic cartoons ofTex Avery andBob Clampett, and eschewed the realistic aesthetic of the originalScooby series for a moreLooney Tunes-like style, including an episode where Scooby-Doo's parents show up and reveal his real name to be "Scoobert". At the same time, the series returned to its original formula in that the group unmasked human villains in costume, as opposed to the supernatural monsters of the early to mid-1980s. The series also established "Coolsville" as the name of the gang's hometown; this setting was retained for several of the laterScooby productions. The retooled show was a success, remaining in production for four seasons and on ABC's lineup until 1991.
In 2002, following the successes of the Cartoon Network reruns, the direct to video franchise, and the first feature film,Scooby-Doo returned to Saturday morning for the first time in a decade withWhat's New, Scooby-Doo?, which aired onKids' WB from 2002 until 2006. Produced by Warner Bros. Animation, the show follows the format of the original series but places it in the 21st century, featuring a heavy promotion of modern technology (computers, DVD, the Internet, cell phones) and culture.
Beginning with this series, Frank Welker took over as Scooby's voice actor, while continuing to provide the voice of Fred as well. Casey Kasem returned as Shaggy, on the condition that the character be depicted as a vegetarian like Kasem himself.[27] Grey DeLisle continued to voice Daphne, and formerFacts of Life starMindy Cohn voiced Velma. The series was produced byChuck Sheetz, who had worked onThe Simpsons.
Shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue!
In September 2006 a new show entitled,Shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue!, debuted onThe CW's Kids' WB Saturday-morning programming block. In the new premise, Shaggy inherits money and amansion from an uncle, an inventor who has gone into hiding from villains trying to steal his secret invention. The villains, led by "Dr. Phibes" (based primarily uponDr. Evil from theAustin Powersseries, and named after Vincent Price's character fromThe Abominable Dr. Phibes), then use different schemes to try to get the invention from Shaggy and Scooby, who handle the plots alone. Fred, Daphne, and Velma are normally absent, but do make appearances at times to help. The characters were redesigned and the art style revised for the new series.Scott Menville voiced Shaggy in the series, with Casey Kasem appearing as the voice of Shaggy's Uncle Albert.Shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue! ran for two seasons on The CW.
The nextScooby series,Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated, premiered onCartoon Network on April 5, 2010.[28] The firstScooby series produced for cable television,Mystery Incorporated is areboot of the franchise, re-establishing the characters' relationships, personalities, and locations, and expanding their world to feature their parents, high school, and neighbors. The series also borrowed pieces from many parts ofScooby-Doo's long history, as well as characters and elements of other Hanna-Barbera shows to form its back story and the bases of some of its episodes. Matthew Lillard was brought over from the live-action theatrical series as the new voice of Shaggy, while Welker, Cohn, and DeLisle continued in their respective roles.Patrick Warburton,Linda Cardellini,Lewis Black,Vivica A. Fox,Gary Cole,Udo Kier,Tim Matheson,Tia Carrere, andKate Higgins were added as new semi-regular cast members. Casey Kasem appeared in a recurring role as Shaggy's father, one of his last roles before retiring due to declining health.
The series, while still following the basic mystery-solving format of its predecessors, was broadcast as a 52-chapter animatedtelevised novel and included elements similar to live-action mystery/adventure shows such asBuffy the Vampire Slayer[29] andLost.[30] An overarching mystery surrounding the gang's hometown of Crystal Cove, California became the series' mainstory arc, with pieces to the mystery unfolding episode by episode. Also featured were romantic entanglements and interpersonal conflict between the lead characters. The series ran for 52 episodes over two seasons, with a three-part finale airing across April 4 and 5, 2013—exactly three years from the debut.
On March 10, 2014, Cartoon Network announced several new series based on classic cartoons, including a new Scooby-Doo animated series titledBe Cool, Scooby-Doo!.[31] The show features the gang "living it up" the summer after the gang's senior year of high school. Along the way, they run into monsters and mayhem.[32] The series premiered October 5, 2015 onCartoon Network[33] and concluded on March 18, 2018.
Velma is an adult-oriented animated series which premiered onHBO Max on January 12, 2023.[35] It ran for two seasons, and marked the first full original Scooby Doo related show on HBO Max since the previous seriesGuess Who? was picked up by it at the end of its run (originating on Boomerang). The series is an alternate reality prequel and spinoff to the main franchise, taking place before the formation of Mystery Inc., and does not include Scooby-Doo himself. Unlike in the previous series and films, the main characters (and main voice cast) inVelma are multi-racial.[36]
Reruns ofScooby-Doo have been insyndication since 1980, and have also been shown oncable television networks such asTBS Superstation (until 1989) andUSA Network (as part of theUSA Cartoon Express from 1990 to 1994). In 1993,A Pup Named Scooby-Doo, having just recently ended its network run on ABC, began reruns on Cartoon Network. WithTurner Broadcasting purchasing Hanna-Barbera in 1991, in 1994 theScooby-Doo franchise became exclusive to the Turner networks: Cartoon Network, TBS Superstation, andTNT.[40]Canadian networkTeletoon began airingScooby-Doo, Where Are You! in 1997, with the otherScooby series soon following. When TBS and TNT ended their broadcasts of H-B cartoons in 1998,Scooby-Doo became the exclusive property of both Cartoon Network and sister stationBoomerang.
WithScooby-Doo's restored popularity in reruns on Cartoon Network,[40]Warner Bros. Animation and Hanna-Barbera (by then a subsidiary ofWarner Bros. following the merger ofTime Warner and Turner Entertainment in 1996) began producing one newScooby-Doo direct-to-video film a year, beginning in 1998.[40] These films featured a slightly older version of the original five-character cast from theScooby-Doo, Where Are You! days. The first four DTV entries wereScooby-Doo on Zombie Island (1998),Scooby-Doo! and the Witch's Ghost (1999),Scooby-Doo and the Alien Invaders (2000), andScooby-Doo and the Cyber Chase (2001). Frank Welker was the only original voice cast member to return for these productions. Don Messick had died in 1997 and Casey Kasem, a strict vegetarian, relinquished the role of Shaggy after having to provide the voice for a 1995Burger King commercial.[27] Therefore,Scott Innes took over as both Scooby-Doo and Shaggy (Billy West voiced Shaggy inScooby-Doo on Zombie Island).B.J. Ward took over as Velma, andMary Kay Bergman voiced Daphne until her death in November 1999, and was replaced byGrey DeLisle.
These first four direct-to-video films differed from the original series format by placing the characters in plots with a darker tone and pitting them against actual supernatural forces.Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island, featured the original 1969 gang, reunited after years of being apart, fightingvoodoo-worshiping cat creatures in theLouisiana bayou.Scooby-Doo! and the Witch's Ghost featured an author (voice ofTim Curry) returning to hisMassachusetts hometown with the gang, to find out that an event is being haunted by the author's dead ancestor Sarah, who was an actual witch.The Witch's Ghost introduced agoth rock band known as The Hex Girls, who became recurring characters in theScooby-Doo franchise.
Scooby-Doo and the Cyber Chase was the final production made by the Hanna-Barbera studio, which was absorbed into parent companyWarner Bros. Animation following William Hanna's death in 2001. Warner Animation continued production of the direct-to-video series while also producing newScooby-Doo series for television.
The direct-to-video productions continued to be produced concurrently with at least one entry per year. Two of these entries,Scooby-Doo! and the Legend of the Vampire andScooby-Doo! and the Monster of Mexico (both 2003) were produced in a retro-style reminiscent of the original series, and featured Heather North and Nicole Jaffe as the voices of Daphne and Velma, respectively. Later entries produced between 2004 and 2009 were done in the style ofWhat's New, Scooby-Doo, using that show's voice cast. Entries from 2010 on use the original 1969 designs and featureMatthew Lillard as the voice of Shaggy, the character Lillard portrayed in the live-action theatricalScooby-Doo films. TwoScooby-Doo! movies were released in 2016, namedLego Scooby-Doo! Haunted Hollywood andScooby-Doo! and WWE: Curse of the Speed Demon.
Scooby-Doo! direct-to-video specials
Beginning in 2012, Warner Bros. Animation began producing direct-to-video special episodes in the style of the concurrently produced films for inclusion onScooby-Doo compilation DVD sets otherwise including episodes from previous Scooby series. These includeScooby-Doo! Spooky Games, included on the July 2012 releaseScooby-Doo! Laff-A-Lympics: Spooky Games,[41][42]Scooby-Doo! Haunted Holidays, from the October 2012 releaseScooby-Doo! 13 Spooky Tales: Holiday Chills and Thrills, andScooby-Doo! and the Spooky Scarecrow andScooby-Doo! Mecha Mutt Menace, from the September 2013 DVD releasesScooby-Doo! 13 Spooky Tales: Run for Your 'Rife![43] andScooby-Doo! 13 Spooky Tales: Ruh-Roh Robot!.[44] On May 13, 2014, another episode,Scooby-Doo! Ghastly Goals was released on theScooby-Doo! 13 Spooky Tales: Field of Screams DVD.[45] On May 5, 2015,Scooby-Doo! and the Beach Beastie, the sixth direct-to-video special, was released on theScooby-Doo! 13 Spooky Tales: Surf's Up Scooby-Doo DVD.[46]
The direct-to-video series' 34th installment,Trick or Treat Scooby-Doo! (2022), made headlines for portraying Velma as a lesbian (by showing her "crushing big time" on a female guest character), which was in accordance with long-held fan speculation but had never previously been depicted.[47]
A sequel,Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed, followed in March 2004 with the same cast and director.Scooby-Doo 2 earned US$84 (€55.98) million at the U.S. box office.[49] A third film was planned, but later scrapped following Warner Bros.' disappointment at the returns fromScooby-Doo 2.[50][51]
In addition, a live-action television film,Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins, was released on DVD and simultaneously aired on Cartoon Network on September 13, 2009, the 40th anniversary of the series' debut.[52] The film starredNick Palatas as Shaggy,Robbie Amell as Fred,Kate Melton as Daphne,Hayley Kiyoko as Velma, and Frank Welker as the voice of Scooby-Doo. A second live-action TV movie,Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster, retained the same cast and aired on October 16, 2010, and a direct-to-video spin-offDaphne & Velma in 2018.The Mystery Begins andCurse of the Lake Monster serve as reboots to the 2002 and 2004 films whileDaphne and Velma serves as a spin-off/prequel to them.
In 2013, Warner Bros. Pictures was developing a fully animated Scooby-Doo feature film withAtlas Entertainment. Charles Roven and Richard Suckle, who produced the first two live-action films, were producing the animated film, and Matt Lieberman was writing the film.[53] In 2014, Warner Bros. was restarting the film series with Randall Green writing a new movie.[54][55] In 2015, Warner Bros. hadTony Cervone lined up to direct an animated film, withAllison Abbate as producer andDan Povenmire as executive producer. Originally planned for a September 21, 2018 release, it was later pushed back to May 15, 2020, withDax Shepard co-directing and co-writing.[56][57][58] The Hollywood Reporter announced that Frank Welker will be reprising his voice role as Scooby, and that he will be joined byWill Forte andGina Rodriguez voicing Shaggy and Velma, whileTracy Morgan will be voicing Captain Caveman, from the Hanna-Barbera seriesCaptain Caveman and the Teen Angels and Deadline reported thatZac Efron andAmanda Seyfried will voice Fred and Daphne. In addition,Ken Jeong will be voicingDynomutt, Dog Wonder from Hanna-Barbera series of the same name andKiersey Clemons will voice Dee Dee Sykes, a character from Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels.[59][60][61]Dick Dastardly, from Hanna-Barbera'sWacky Races, will be the film's main antagonist, voiced byJason Isaacs.[59] In March 2020, the film's theatrical release was delayed indefinitely due to theCOVID-19 pandemic.[62] On April 22, 2020, Warner Bros. announced that due tomovie theater closures the theatrical release forScoob! had been cancelled, with the film released instead onPremium video on demand in the United States and Canada on May 15, 2020, the original date of release.[63] In July 2020, Warner Bros. confirmed the film would still play in theaters in select countries with relaxed COVID-19 restrictions.[64][65] The film subsequently received a secondary theatrical release in the United States beginning on May 21, 2021, in selected markets.
Scooby-Doo:Don Messick was the original voice of Scooby-Doo from 1969 until 1995.Hadley Kay performed the voice for theJohnny Bravo episodes "Bravo Dooby-Doo" and "'Twas the Night", as well as in commercials, in 1997.Scott Innes was the voice of Scooby-Doo from 1998 to 2002.Neil Fanning voiced Scooby-Doo in the live-action Warner Bros. theatrical films produced in 2002 and 2004.Frank Welker is the current voice of Scooby-Doo, having taken over the role from Innes in 2002, although Innes voiced the character in video game projects (including PC, DVD and board games), commercials and some toys until 2008.Dave Coulier (2005) andSeth Green (2007, 2012, 2018) voiced Scooby in theRobot Chicken parodies.
Norville "Shaggy" Rogers:Casey Kasem was the original voice of Shaggy from 1969 until 1997.Billy West voiced Shaggy inScooby-Doo on Zombie Island andScooby-Doo: Behind the Scenes in 1998.Scott Innes voiced the character from 1999 to 2002 and he continued to voice Shaggy in video game projects (including PC, DVD and board games), commercials and some toys until 2009. Casey Kasem returned to the voice role in 2002 and continued as Shaggy until 2009. In 2006, Kasem continued to voice Shaggy only in the direct-to-video film series until 2009, whileScott Menville performed the voice of Shaggy in the 2006–08 CW seriesShaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue!.Matthew Lillard appeared as Shaggy in the live action 2002 and 2004 theatrical films, and took over as the voice of the animated character in 2010. He also voiced Shaggy in four stop-motion parody sketches for theAdult Swim showRobot Chicken.Nick Palatas appeared as Shaggy in the 2009 and 2010 live-action TV movies.
Fred Jones:Frank Welker has always performed the voice of the animated versions of Fred since 1969, with the exception of the 1988–91 ABC seriesA Pup Named Scooby-Doo, whereCarl Steven performed the voice of preteen Fred.Freddie Prinze Jr. appears as Fred in the live-action theatrical films and voiced the character in theRobot Chicken parodies.Robbie Amell played Fred in the live-action TV movies.
Scrappy-Doo:Lennie Weinrib voiced Scrappy-Doo during the first version ofScooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo in 1979–80.Don Messick assumed the role in 1980 for theScooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo segments ofThe Richie Rich/Scooby-Doo Show and continued as Scrappy through 1988. Scrappy has only appeared sporadically since 1988, withScott Innes performing the voice in the 2002 live-action film, which portrays Scrappy as the main villain, as well as in Cartoon Network bumpers, video games and toys since 1999.Dan Milano voiced Scrappy in a 2007Robot Chicken sketch.
Comic books
A 1968 Chevrolet Sportvan 108 painted to look like The Mystery Machine fromScooby-Doo. A number ofScooby fans have decorated vans in this fashion.
Gold Key Comics began publication ofScooby-Doo, Where Are You!comic books in December 1969. The comics initially contained adaptations of episodes of the television show drawn byPhil DeLara, Jack Manning andWarren Tufts. The comic books later moved to all-original stories until ending with issue #30 in 1974. Several of these issues were written byMark Evanier and drawn byDan Spiegle.[23][68]Charlton publishedScooby comics, many drawn by Bill Williams, for 11 issues in 1975. From 1977 to 1979,Marvel Comics published nine issues ofScooby-Doo, all written by Evanier and drawn by Spiegel.Harvey Comics published reprints of the Charlton comics, as well as a handful of special issues, between 1993 and 1994.
In 1995,Archie Comics began publishing a monthlyScooby-Doo comic book, the first year of which featured Scrappy-Doo among its cast. Evanier and Spiegel worked on three issues of the series, which ended after 21 issues in 1997 when Warner Bros.'DC Comics acquired the rights to publish comics based on Hanna-Barbera characters. DC'sScooby-Doo series continues publication to this day. In 2013, DC began a digital bi-monthly comic book titledScooby-Doo Team-Up,crossing over Mystery Inc. with other DC and Hanna-Barbera characters. Since then, the series has become a monthly comic book available in print.
In 2004, a limited series of a 100 comic books calledScooby-Doo! World of Mystery was released. In each issue, Mystery Inc. go from country to country solving mysteries. Each issue came with a pack of exclusive cards, with 350 in total able to be collected.[69]
In 2016, DC launched a new monthly comic book entitledScooby Apocalypse, with the characters being reinvented in a story set in apost-apocalyptic world, where monsters roam the streets and Scooby and the gang must find a way to survive at all costs, while also trying to find a way to reverse the apocalypse.
Merchandising
EarlyScooby-Doo merchandise included a 1973Milton Bradleyboard game, decoratedlunch boxes, iron-on transfers,coloring books, story books,records, underwear, and other such goods.[70] When Scrappy-Doo was introduced to the series in 1979, he, Scooby, and Shaggy became the foci of much of the merchandising, including a 1983 Milton-BradleyScooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo board game. The firstScooby-Doo video game appeared inarcades in 1986, and has been followed by a number of games for both home consoles and personal computers.Scooby-Doomultivitamins also debuted at this time, and have been manufactured byBayer since 2001.
Scooby-Doo merchandising tapered off during the late 1980s and early 1990s, but increased after the series' revival on Cartoon Network in 1995. Today, all manner ofScooby-Doo-branded products are available for purchase, includingScooby-Doobreakfast cereal,plush toys,action figures, car decorations,Barbie dolls fromMattel and much more. Real "Scooby Snacks"dog treats are produced by Del Monte Pet Products.Hasbro has created a number ofScooby board games, including aScooby-themed edition of the popular mystery board gameClue. In 2007, thePressman Toy Corporation released the board gameScooby-Doo! Haunted House. Beginning in 2001, aScooby-Doo children's book series was authorized and published byScholastic. These books, written bySuzanne Weyn, include original stories and adaptations ofScooby theatrical and direct-to-video features.
From 1990 to 2002, Shaggy and Scooby-Doo appeared as characters in theFuntastic World of Hanna-Barbera simulator ride atUniversal Studios Florida.[71] The ride was replaced in the early 2000s with aJimmy Neutron attraction, andThe Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera instead became an attraction at several properties operated byParamount Parks. Shaggy and Scooby-Doo are currentlycostumed characters at Universal Studios Florida, and can be seen driving the Mystery Machine around the park.
In 2001,Scooby-Doo in Stagefright, a live stage play based upon the series, began touring across the world. A follow-up,Scooby-Doo and the Pirate Ghost, followed in 2009.
The Mystery Machine has been used as the basis for many die-cast models and toys, such as fromHot Wheels.
The brand made $800 million in retail sales in 1999.[72][73] In 2004,Scooby-Doo merchandise had generated$1 billion in retail sales[74] Licensed merchandise also sold$496 million in 2015,[75]$501 million in 2016, and$353 million in 2017.[76]
During its five-decade broadcast history,Scooby-Doo has received twoEmmy nominations: a 1989Daytime Emmy nomination forA Pup Named Scooby-Doo, and a 2003 Daytime Emmy nomination forWhat's New, Scooby-Doo's Mindy Cohn in the "Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program" category.[79] Science advocateCarl Sagan favorably compared the predominantly skeptic oriented formula to that of most television dealing with paranormal themes, and considered that an adult analogue toScooby-Doo would be a great public service.[80]
Scooby-Doo has maintained a significant fan base, which has grown steadily since the 1990s due to the show's popularity among both young children and nostalgic adults who grew up with the series.[81] Several television critics have stated that the show's mix of the comedy-adventure and horror genres was the reason for its widespread success.[82] As Fred Silverman and the Hanna-Barbera staff had planned when they first began producing the series,Scooby-Doo's ghosts, monsters and spooky locales tend more towards humor than horror, making them easily accessible to younger children. "Overall, [Scooby-Doo is] just not a show that is going to overstimulate kids' emotions and tensions," offered American Center for Children and Media executive director David Kleeman in a 2002 interview. "It creates just enough fun to make it fun without getting them worried or giving them nightmares.[83]
Older teenagers and adults have admitted to enjoyingScooby-Doo because of presumed subversive themes which involve theories of drug use and sexuality, in particular that Shaggy is assumed to be a user ofcannabis and Velma is assumed to be a lesbian.[84][85][86] Such themes were pervasive enough in popular culture to find their way into Warner Bros.' initialScooby-Doo feature film in 2002,[86][87] though several of the scenes were edited before release to secure a family-friendly"PG" rating.[87] Series creators Joe Ruby and Ken Spears reported that they "took umbrage" to the inclusion of such themes in theScooby-Doo feature and other places, and denied intending their characters to be drug users in any way.[6]
Like many Hanna-Barbera shows, the earlyScooby-Doo series have been criticized at times for their production values and storytelling.[88] In 2002, Jamie Malanowski ofThe New York Times commented that "[Scooby-Doo's] mysteries are not very mysterious, and the humor is hardly humorous. As for the animation—well, the drawings on your refrigerator may give it competition."[89]
By the 2000s,Scooby-Doo had received recognition for its popularity by placing in a number of top cartoon or top cartoon character polls. The August 3, 2002, issue ofTV Guide featured its list of the 50 Greatest Cartoon Characters of All Time, in which Scooby-Doo placed twenty-second.[90] Scooby also ranked thirteenth inAnimal Planet's list of the 50 Greatest TV Animals.[91] For one year from 2004 to 2005,Scooby-Doo held theGuinness World Record for having the most episodes of any animated television series ever produced, a record previously held by and later returned toThe Simpsons.Scooby-Doo was published as holding this record in the 2006 edition of theGuinness Book of Records.[92]
In January 2009, entertainment websiteIGN namedScooby-Doo #24 on its list of the Top 100 Best Animated TV Shows.[93] Writing in 2020,Christopher Orr ofThe Atlantic queried why the franchise had remained popular for several decades, concluding that it was primarily due to the many differing ways in which the relationship between the main characters could be interpreted or used as a metaphor.[94]
A popularurban legend amongFive College students holds that the characters onScooby-Doo represent the five colleges.[95] The legend has Velma representing Smith College and Daphne as Mount Holyoke College (or vice-versa), Fred as Amherst College, Shaggy as Hampshire College, and Scooby as UMass Amherst.Hanna-Barbera Productions,CBS executiveFred Silverman, andMark Evanier,[96][97] one of the show's writers, have stated that the legend is false.[98] Moreover,Scooby-Doo creatorsJoe Ruby andKen Spears have been explicit in the cartoon show being based on the radio programI Love a Mystery and the TV sitcomThe Many Loves of Dobie Gillis,[6] with the four teenagers being based directly on characters fromDobie Gillis.[99] In addition,Scooby-Doo made its television debut in 1969, one year before Hampshire College opened.[100]
Scooby-Doo and the Mystery Inc. gang (based on their classic 1972 incarnation as opposed to their more recent incarnations) appear in the second part of theBatman: The Brave and the Bold episode "Bat-Mite Presents: Batman's Strangest Cases" in which they team up withBatman andRobin to rescueWeird Al who was kidnapped by theJoker and thePenguin.
The songScooby-Doo and the Snowmen Mystery was released in 1972 in the United Kingdom by the labelMusic for Pleasure.
The filmWayne's World includes an alternate ending called the "Scooby-Doo Ending" in which a character in the film is revealed to have been wearing a mask. It also includes a reference to the iconic line "Let's see who this really is" before removing the mask. When the culprit is revealed to be Old Man Withers, owner of the local haunted amusement park, Withers mutters "And I would have gotten away with it, too, if it wasn't for those meddling kids!"
Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back has a brief scene where the title characters hitch a ride in the Mystery Machine with Scooby and the gang.
Thefilk bandOokla the Mok open their 2003 albumOh Okay LA with the song "W.W.S.D.?" ("What Would Scooby Do?"), which proposes adeontological system ofmoral philosophy based on the actions of Scooby-Doo.
AScooby-Doo parody appeared in theMad episode "Kitchen Nightmares Before Christmas / How I Met Your Mummy".
Scooby-Doo was parodied onFuturama episode "Saturday Morning Fun Pit", where the characters from Planet Express take on the roles of the gang (Bender as Scooby,Hermes as Fred,Leela as Daphne,Amy as Velma andFry as Shaggy).
TheVenture Bros. episode "¡Viva los Muertos!" features a thinly parodied version of the gang as aging, gone-to-seed miscreants with the characters matched to corresponding serial killers and radical figures, e.g. Fred being mixed withTed Bundy into the composite character "Ted".
The series is parodied in the animated music video for the song "Ghost" byMystery Skulls.
After defeating and capturing a pirate crew in the role playing video gameGolden Sun: The Lost Age, one of the imprisoned pirates declares that, "Everything would have been fine if it hadn't been for you meddling kids!"
In theTeen Titans Go! episode "The Cruel Giggling Ghoul", each Titan assumes the role of a Scooby Gang member (withBeast Boy as Scooby) to investigate a mystery at a spooky amusement park, with the help ofLeBron James. The Scooby Gang later appears in the crossover episode "Cartoon Feud", whereControl Freak forces them to compete inFamily Feud. The Scooby Gang later appears in the episodes "Intro" and "Warner Bros. 100th Anniversary".
The CW's television seriesSupernatural crossed over with theScooby-Doo franchise in the episodeScoobynatural, which aired March 29, 2018. The animated collaboration featured the three main characters ofSupernatural (Sam,Dean, andCastiel) along with Scooby and the gang as they team up to solve a supernatural mystery.[103]
TheHarvey Street Kids episode "Crush 4U, Where RU?" fully references theScooby-Doo series, especially the title.
Scooby-Doo and the gang appear in the 2021 filmSpace Jam: A New Legacy. Their design is the same fromScoob! They appear among the other Warner Bros. characters in the film.
In theBlack Mirror episode "Loch Henry", a character sings a line from the opening theme ofScooby-Doo, Where Are You! when investigating a cellar where murders had taken place.
The term "Don't have a Scooby" is recognisedrhyming slang for "clue".[104]
The Scooby Gang appeared in theJellystone! third season episode "Frankenhooky". They tie up theGhost Chasers with a rope before unmasking them to reveal Sooey Pig, Orful Octopus, and Magic Rabbit of the Really Rottens. The Scooby Gang are revealed to actually beCindy Bear,Ranger Smith, Hardy Har Har, Tubb, and a cotton ball in a jar.
^abCD liner notes: Saturday Mornings: Cartoons' Greatest Hits, 1995 MCA Records and its successorWarner Bros. Animation have produced numerous follow-up and spin-off animated series and several related works, including television specials and made-for-TV movies, a line of direct-to-video films, and two Warner Bros.-produced theatrical feature films. Some versions ofScooby-Doo feature variations on the shows.
^Takamoto, Iwao (2006). "Eerie Mystery of Scooby-Doo and Dynomutt's History [documentary featurette]".The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour: The Complete Series (Interview). New York, Los Angeles: Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc.The Great Dane was supposed to be the biggest dog around ... and there was a woman [at the studio] who bred and reared Great Danes. So, she came over and spent a solid hour describing all of the positive things that make a prize-winning Great Dane. And I selected about five things, I think, and went in the opposite direction. For instance, he had a good, strong straight back, so I sloped his back. A strong chin, so I under-swung his chin ... and I think straight hind legs she mentioned. So I bowed them ...
^"Original storyboards".Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!. Los Angeles: Hanna-Barbera Productions. 1969. Archived fromthe original on April 27, 1999. The original storyboards for "What a Night for a Knight" identify the Fred character as "Ronnie".
^Spears, Ken (2006). "Eerie Mystery of Scooby-Doo and Dynomutt's History [documentary featurette]".The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour: The Complete Series (Interview). New York, Los Angeles: Warner Bros. Entertainment.That character [Fred] started out ... I think his name was 'Geoff' ... and then he became 'Harvey'. And then all of a sudden, Fred [Silverman] came in and said [the character] was going to be 'Fred'. So, I guess he had something to do with that.
^Evanier, Mark (June 9, 2002)."Attention, Jerry Beck!".News from Me blog, Povonline.com. Archived fromthe original on May 14, 2006. RetrievedMarch 27, 2006.Fred was based on Dobie, Velma on Zelda, Daphne on Thalia and Shaggy onMaynard.
^Europa International Who's Who in Popular Music. East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press. 2002. p. 424.
^Interview with Heather North and Nicole Jaffe.In Their Own Words [documentary featurette fromThe Scooby-Doo/Dynomut Hour: The Complete Series DVD bonus features]. (2001). New York, Los Angeles, CA: Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc.
^abcShostak, Stu (December 3, 2014). "Interview with Jerry BeckArchived April 4, 2019, at theWayback Machine".Stu's Show. Retrieved October 7, 2014.Jerry Beck and host Stu Shostak discuss the early history of Cartoon Network and the Turner-run version of Hanna-Barbera when discussing the career for former CN executive Stu Snyder.
^Stokes, Trey (2007). "The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera". Retrieved on August 12, 2006. Article on the creation of the ride, written by one of its programmers.
^Burke, Timothy and Burke, Kevin.Saturday Morning Fever. pg. 106.
^Chambers, Bill March 2000. Review forScooby-Doo's Original Mysteries DVD.Film Freak Central. Retrieved from"Scooby-Doo's Original Mysteries – DVD". Archived fromthe original on October 13, 2006. RetrievedAugust 13, 2006. on August 13, 2006.
^Evanier, Mark. (July 10, 2002).PostArchived May 14, 2006, at theWayback Machine on "News from Me" blog forPovonline.com. Retrieved on March 27, 2006. Excerpt: "Fred was based on Dobie, Velma on Zelda, Daphne on Thalia and Shaggy onMaynard."
