| RU-38 Twin Condor | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General information | |
| Type | Covert reconnaissance aircraft |
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | Schweizer Aircraft Corporation |
| Designer | |
| Status | In production |
| Primary users | US Coast Guard[1] |
| Number built | RU-38A - 2[3] RU-38B - 3[3] |
| History | |
| Manufactured | RU-38A 1995-1997[4] RU-38B 2004-2005[2] |
| Introduction date | May 1997[5] |
| First flight | 31 May 1995[5] |
| Developed from | RG-8A |
TheSchweizer RU-38 Twin Condor is a two or three-seat, fixed gear, low wing,twin boom covert reconnaissance aircraft.[6][7]
RU-38 is the US military designation for the aircraft, indicatingUtility, Reconnaissance. The Schweizer company model number isSchweizer SA 2-38A Condor and, in its three-seat configuration,Schweizer SA 3-38A Condor[8]
Based on theSchweizer SGM 2-37motor glider, a total of five RU-38s were produced between 1995 and 2005. The aircraft remains in production bySikorsky Aircraft after acquiring Schweizer.[3][9]
The development of theSchweizer SGM 2-37 motor glider for training use at theUnited States Air Force Academy led to two reconnaissance versions of that design, carrying the company model numbersSA 2-37A andSA 2-37B. InCentral Intelligence Agency,US Army andUS Coast Guard service these were designated RG-8A and RG-8B. The RG-8s were employed in border security and surveillance missions.[5][1][10]
In the mid-1990s, the Coast Guard decided that the aircraft would be more useful if their capabilities were improved to include night operations by the addition of more mission sensor equipment. Discussions with Schweizer Aircraft resulted in a plan to upgrade two RG-8As and to build one new aircraft to provide a total of three.[5]
The RU-38 was intended to fulfill both the low altitude, quiet, over water/hostile terrain reconnaissance role and also the high altitude standoff surveillance role.[6]
The design missions for the RU-38A were:[5][1][6][7]
In converting to the new RU-38A configuration, the conventional RG-8A airframe was greatly modified by:[5][1][7]
The resulting aircraft bears little resemblance to the original RG-8A. Installation of the twin-boom pods permits the carriage of more sensors. The left-hand pod houses an AN/APN-215(V) color multi-function X-band sea search radar with mapping capabilities. The right-hand pod houses the AN/AAQ-15forward looking infrared (FLIR) and Low-Light TV enhanced vision systems.[5][1][7]
For navigation, the RU-38A originally carried bothOMEGA andGPS receivers, although the Omega has since been removed with that system's withdrawal from service in 1997. The aircraft also hasHF,VHF andUHF radios for voice and encrypted voice communications, plus direction finding. The crew may also usenight vision goggles.[5][1][7]
The aircraft has no flaps, and instead retains the top and bottom surface divebrakes of its sailplane ancestors. Maximum take-off weight of the RU-38A is 5300 lb (2404 kg)[5]
The RU-38A is designed to transit to its operational area with both engines operating. Once in the surveillance area, the rear engine would normally be shut down and the aircraft operated in "quiet surveillance mode". The second engine would be available for use in an emergency and for return to base at higher speed.[5][1][7]
The first Coast Guard RG-8A was returned to Schweizer for conversion to RU-38A status on 24 January 1994. The initial plan called for the conversion of two RG-8As and then fabrication of one new RU-38A.[5]
The first flight of the converted aircraft took place on 31 May 1995. The second USCG RG-8A aircraft that was earmarked for RU-38A upgrade crashed nearPuerto Rico in 1996. As a result, the program was reduced to provide only two RU-38As to the USCG. The loss of the RG-8A delayed the program for many months and it was not completed until May 1997.[5]
The first RU-38 was tested by the Air Force445th Flight Test Squadron atEdwards AFB on behalf of the Coast Guard, starting in July 1998. The aircraft flew some 100 test flights during the four-month program.[1]
By September 1999, the two RU-38As had been delivered to the Coast Guard inMiami, Florida for operational employment. The RU-38As were flown in drug interdiction missions over theGulf of Mexico and theCaribbean Sea, but they were reportedly grounded during 2000, due to problems with the aircraft meeting mission requirements or serviceability.[1][7]
The company further improved the aircraft by replacing the twopiston engines with twoRolls-Royce Allison 250-B17Fturboprop engines, which allowed raising the gross weight to 7200 lbs (3265 kg). The new aircraft carries the military designation of RU-38B.[6]
The RU-38B has 140 cubic feet (4.0 cu m) of payload space, with a payload weight of 800 lbs (363 kg) available. The payload bays all have large access doors, and are located both in the tailbooms and also behind the pilot and co-pilot seats in the fuselage. The latter space can also accommodate a third crew member, if required. Using pallet-mounted sensor packages, the aircraft can be quickly changed from one mission to another.[6]
The RU-38B is able to achieve quiet operation while loitering by using a propeller speed as low as 1000 rpm. This is possible because the sailplane-derived wing is efficient, and flight at low airspeed can be sustained with low power.[6] Exhaust from the front engine is routed over the wing, reducing the noise footprint.[11]
Two RU-38Bs were delivered to the US Department of Justice, one in 2004 and one in 2005.[2]
The RU-38B model was still being actively marketed by Schweizer in 2011.[6]
Neither the RU-38A or RU-38B was certified by theFederal Aviation Administration. Instead, all aircraft operate asexperimental aircraft in theResearch and Development category.[4]
Data from Schweizer Aircraft[6]
General characteristics
Performance
