Anelectrode array is a configuration ofelectrodes used for measuring either anelectric current orvoltage. Some electrode arrays can operate in a bidirectional fashion, in that they can also be used to provide a stimulating pattern ofelectric current orvoltage.

Common arrays include:

• Schlumberger (Wenner)
• Wenner alpha
• Wenner beta
• Wenner gamma
• Pole-pole
• Dipole-dipole
• Pole-dipole
• Equatorial dipole-dipole

Resistivity measurement of bulk materials is a frequent application of electrode arrays. The figure shows a Wenner array, one of the possible ways of achieving this.^[1] Injecting the current through electrodes separate from those being used for measurement of potential has the advantage of eliminating any inaccuracies caused by the injecting circuit resistance, particularly the contact resistance between the probe and the surface, which can be high. Assuming the material is homogenous, the resistivity in the Wenner array is given by:

${\displaystyle \rho =2\pi a\frac{V}{I}}$

where${\displaystyle a}$ is the distance between probes.

Electrode arrays are widely used to measure resistivity ingeophysics applications.^[1] It is also used in the semiconductor industry to measure the bulk resistivity of silicon wafers, which in turn can be taken as a measure of thedoping that has been applied to the wafer, before further manufacturing processes are undertaken.^[2]

• Four-terminal sensing
• Multielectrode array
• Electrical resistivity measurement of concrete

• Loke, Meng Heng (2004-07-26) [1996].Tutorial: 2-D and 3-D electrical imaging surveys. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2007-09-27. Retrieved2007-06-11.

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