| Scaleby Castle | |
|---|---|
| Scaleby,Cumbria, England | |
 Aerial photograph of Scaleby Castle | |
| Site information | |
| Owner | Private |
| Location | |
  Scaleby Castle Location in theCity of Carlisle district,Cumbria Show map of the former City of Carlisle district | |
| Coordinates | 54°57′12″N2°51′43″W / 54.9532°N 2.8619°W /54.9532; -2.8619 |
| Grid reference | grid referenceNY449624 |
| Site history | |
| Materials | Stone |
| Events | English Civil War |
Scaleby Castle is in the village ofScaleby,Cumbria, England. The castle was originally built in the early 14th century, and extended in the 15th century to form a substantial fortification. Parliamentary troops attacked the castle twice during theEnglish Civil War, burning it. It was later restored to form a country house.
Robert de Tilliol built Scaleby Castle after 1307, next to the village of Scaleby, 6 miles (9.7 km) fromCarlisle.[1] The Tilliols were a well-established family in the region from the reign ofHenry I onwards, and Robert was given the land for the castle byEdward I and granted the authority to build a castle byEdward II.[2] The initial castle comprised two sets of buildings, linked by a small courtyard and protected by a curtain wall on both sides, surrounded by a large, circular, water-filledmoat approximately 7.4 metres (24 ft) wide, and an inner moat, since largely destroyed.[3]
The male Tilliol line died out in 1435; the castle then passed by marriage to the Colville family.[4] They rebuilt much of the castle in the late 15th century, including remodelling thepele tower, the great hall and the gateway, complete with a polygonalbarbican.[5] The pele tower formed a substantial fortification, about 40 feet (12 m) by 30 feet (9.1 m) across, with three floors and thick walls.[6] The Musgrave family acquired the castle and Sir Edward Musgrave rebuilt the south range of the castle in 1596.[7]
In 1641, theEnglish Civil War broke out between theRoyalist supporters ofCharles I andParliament. Sir Edward's grandson, another Sir Edward Musgrave, was a strong Royalist supporter and declared for the king.[8] In February 1645, Parliamentary forces besieging nearby Carlisle also besieged and eventually seized Scaleby Castle, causing considerable damage; Edward recovered the castle, but in at the start of theSecond English Civil War in 1648 he again took up arms on behalf of the king.[9] This time the castle immediately fell to Parliamentary forces, who set fire to it.[10]
Sir Edward was heavily in debt so he sold the castle after the war toRichard Gilpin, who restored the propertyc. 1800.[11][12] The property remained in the hand of the Gilpins until it fell into disrepair; it was restored once again by Rowland Fawcett. In 1847 James Fawcett was resident there.[13][14]
Today the castle is a Grade Ilisted building and ascheduled monument.[15] It is the seat ofOliver Eden, 8th Baron Henley.
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