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Haloxylon

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromSaxaul)
Genus of flowering plants

Haloxylon
Haloxylon ammodendron
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Tracheophytes
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Eudicots
Order:Caryophyllales
Family:Amaranthaceae
Subfamily:Salsoloideae
Tribe:Salsoleae
Genus:Haloxylon
BungeexFenzl

Haloxylon is a genus of shrubs or small trees, belonging to the plantfamilyAmaranthaceae.Haloxylon and its species are known by the common namesaxaul. "Saksaul" is a commonTurkic word[1] that entered Russian throughKazakh.

Description

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The species of genusHaloxylon are shrubs or small trees 1–8 metres (3+12–26 feet) (rarely up to 12 m or 39 ft) tall, with a thick trunk and many branches. The branches of the current year are green, from erect to pendant. The leaves are reduced to small scales. Theinflorescences are short shoots borne on the stems of the previous year. The flowers are very small, as long or shorter than thebracteoles, bisexual or male. The twostigmas are very short. In fruit, theperianth segments develop spreading wings. The fruit with wings is about8 millimetres (14 in) in diameter. The seed is about1.5 mm (116 in) in diameter.[2]

Distribution and habitat

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The genusHaloxylon is distributed in southwest and Central Asia, from Egypt to Mongolia and China (Xinjiang andGansu), where it grows in sandy habitats (psammophyte).[2]

Taxonomy

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The genus nameHaloxylon was published byAlexander Bunge (exEduard Fenzl) in 1851, with the type speciesHaloxylon ammodendron; it belongs to the subfamilySalsoloideae in the familyAmaranthaceae andPlants of the World Online includes:[3]

  1. Haloxylon ammodendron(C.A.Mey.) Bunge ex Fenzl – black saxaul
  2. Haloxylon gracile(Aellen) Hedge
  3. Haloxylon griffithii(Moq.) Boiss.
  4. Haloxylon multiflorum(Moq.) Bunge ex Boiss.
  5. Haloxylon negevensis(Iljin & Zohary) L.Boulos
  6. Haloxylon persicumBunge – white saxaul
  7. Haloxylon salicornicum(Moq.) Bunge ex Boiss.
  8. Haloxylon schmittianumPomel
  9. Haloxylon scopariumPomel
  10. Haloxylon tamariscifolium(L.) Pau
  11. Haloxylon thomsoniiBunge ex Boiss.

Phylogenetic research revealed that several species formerly included inHaloxylon are not related to this genus. They are now classified to genusHammada; the formerHaloxylon stocksii (syn.Haloxylon recurvum) has been moved toSoda stocksii.

The common namesaxaul, sometimessacsaoul orsaksaul, comes from the Russianсаксаул (saksaul), which is from Kazakhсексеуiл (seksewil).

Ecology

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In the deserts ofCentral Asia, a large number of birds are associated with saxaul, including thesaxaul sparrow.[4]

Uses

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The trees are used by nomads across the steppes of Central Asia as firewood.[5]

In the former bed of theAral Sea, saxaul trees are being planted to stop the wind picking up contaminated sand from the dried up sea bed and spreading them through the atmosphere. The plan is to cover the entire former bed with a forest.[6]

References

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  1. ^Каримуллина, Г. Н. (2007)."Тюркизмы в русской лингвографии XVIII – XX вв.: семантико-функциональный аспект"(PDF).Ученые записки Казанского государственного университета (in Russian).149. Retrieved8 February 2024.
  2. ^abHedge, I. C. (1997). "Haloxylon". In Rechinger, Karl Heinz; et al. (eds.).Flora Iranica Bd. 172, Chenopodiaceae. Graz: Akad. Druck. pp. 315–326.ISBN 3-201-00728-5.
  3. ^Plants of the World Online:Haloxylon Bunge ex Fenzl (retrieved 5 March 2024)
  4. ^Maclean, Gordon Lindsay (1996)."Avian adaptations to deserts of the Northern and Southern hemispheres: a comparison"(PDF).Curtin University of Technology School of Environmental Biology Bulletin (17). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2008-07-26. Retrieved2010-02-16.
  5. ^Bougdaeva, Saglar (10 January 2023).Jangar: The Heroic Epic of the Kalmyk Nomads. Oakland: U of California P. p. 252.ISBN 9780520344723.
  6. ^Qobil, Rustam (31 May 2018)."Restoring life to the Aral Sea's dead zone".BBC News. Retrieved2 June 2018.
  • Pyankov, Vladimir I.; Black, Clanton C. Jr.; Artyusheva, Elena G.; Voznesenskaya, Elena V.; Ku, Maurice S.B.; Edwards, Gerald E. (1999). "Features of Photosynthesis inHaloxylon species of Chenopodiaceae that are Dominant Plants in Central Asian Deserts".Plant and Cell Physiology.40 (2):125–134.doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029519.hdl:10995/111361.

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toHaloxylon.
Haloxylon
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haloxylon&oldid=1237661917"
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