Sataf صطاف | |
|---|---|
Village | |
 Remains of Sataf village | |
| Etymology: from a personal name[1] | |
.jpg) 1870s map.jpg) 1940s map.jpg) modern map.jpg) 1940s with modern overlay mapA series of historical maps of the area around Sataf (click the buttons) | |
  Sataf Location withinMandatory Palestine | |
| Coordinates:31°46′9″N35°7′38″E / 31.76917°N 35.12722°E /31.76917; 35.12722 | |
| Palestine grid | 162/130 |
| Geopolitical entity | Mandatory Palestine |
| Subdistrict | Jerusalem |
| Date of depopulation | July 13–14, 1948[4] |
| Area | |
• Total | 3,775dunams (3.775 km2; 1.458 sq mi) |
| Population (1945) | |
• Total | 540[2][3] |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Military assault byYishuv forces |
Sataf (Arabic: صطاف,Hebrew: סטף) was aPalestinian village in theJerusalem Subdistrict depopulated during the1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was located 10 km west ofJerusalem, withSorek Valley (Arabic: Wadi as-Sarar) bordering to the east.
Two springs, Ein Sataf and Ein Bikura flow from the site into the riverbed below.
A monastery located across the valley from Sataf, i.e. south of Wadi as-Sarar, known by local Arabs as Ein el-Habis (the "Spring of the Hermitage"), is officially calledMonastery of Saint John in the Wilderness.
Today it is a tourist site showcasing ancient agricultural techniques used in the Jerusalem Mountains.
Remains of a 4,000 BCEChalcolithic village were discovered at the site. The related traces of agricultural activities number among the oldest in the region.[5]
Most ancient remains date to theByzantine period.[5]
The first written mention of the site is from theMamluk era.[5]
Sataf was noted in theOttomantax records of 1525-1526 and 1538–1539, as being located in theSanjak ofAl-Quds.[6] According to archaeological work, the village originated in the late 16th century, with the use of several cave−dwellings. Later, houses were erected in front of the caves.[7]
In 1838 it was described as aMuslim village, located in theBeni Hasan district, west of Jerusalem.[8]
In 1863,Victor Guérin found a village of one hundred and eighty people. He further noted that their houses were standing on the slopes of a mountain, and that the mountainside was covered by successive terraces.[9] An Ottoman village list from about 1870 counted 38 houses and a population of 115, whereby only men were counted.[10][11]
In 1883, thePalestine Exploration Fund'sSurvey of Western Palestine describedSetaf as "a village of moderate size, of stone houses, perched on the steep side of a valley. It has a spring lower down, on the north."[12]
In 1896 the population of Sataf was estimated to be about 180 persons.[13]
By the1922 census of Palestine conducted by theBritish Mandate authorities, Sataf had a population of 329; 321 Muslims and 8 Christians.[14] All the Christians were Roman Catholic.[15] The1931 census lists 381 inhabitants; 379 Muslim and 2 Christian, in a total of 101 houses.[16]
In the1945 statistics the population of Sataf was 540, all Muslims,[2] and the total land area was 3,775dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[3] Of this, 928 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 465 for cereals,[17] while 22 dunams were built-up land.[18]
On July 13–14, 1948 the Arab village was depopulated by theHar'el Brigade, duringOperation Danny.[19] Sataf and the surrounding area became part of the newly created State ofIsrael.
A short time after the 1948 War, a small group of Jewish immigrants from North Africa settled for a few months in the village area, calling it Bikura.[20] The village, which lasted only until the fall of 1950, was founded on the initiative of formerLehi commandedNatan Yellin-Mor.[20] Subsequently, theIDF'sUnit 101 andparatroopers used the site for training purposes.[5]
In the 1980s theJewish National Fund began the restoration of ancient agriculturalterraces, and the area around the springs has been turned into a tourist site. A forest around the site was also planted by the Jewish National Fund.[21]
In 1992, Sataf was described as follows: "Many half-destroyed walls still stand, and some still havearched doorways. The walls of a few houses with collapsed roofs are almost intact....The area around the village spring, which is located to the east next to the ruins of a rectangular stone house, has been turned into an Israeli tourist site. A Jewish family has settled on the west side of the village, and have fenced in some of the village area."[19]
The shrine (maqam) of 'Ubayd, southwest of the village site, contains a courtyard and three rooms.[7] According toTawfiq Canaan,Sheikh 'Ubayd "is said to kill any goat or sheep who enters his cave."[22]
