Sargodha سرگودھا | |
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    Clockwise from top: Mushaf Ali Mir Chowk (Intersection),Central Library, Shaheen Enclave,University of Sargodha | |
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| Nickname(s): | |
| Coordinates:32°5′1″N72°40′16″E / 32.08361°N 72.67111°E /32.08361; 72.67111 | |
| Country |  Pakistan |
| Province |  Punjab |
| Division | Sargodha[1] |
| District | Sargodha |
| Founded | 22 February 1903; 122 years ago (22 February 1903)[4] |
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor–council |
| • Body | Metropolitan Corporation Sargodha |
| • Mayor | Vacant[5] |
| • Administrator[7] | Muhammad Jahanzeb Awan (BPS-20 PAS)[6] |
| Area | |
• City | 155 km2 (60 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 190 m (620 ft) |
| Population | |
• City | 975,886 |
| • Rank | 11th, Pakistan |
| • Density | 6,300/km2 (16,000/sq mi) |
| • Demonym | Sargodhian |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (PKT) |
| Postal code | 40100[12] |
| Dialling code | 048[13] |
| Number ofunion councils | 60[14] |
| Number oftowns | 59 |
| Website | sargodha |
Sargodha (Punjabi/Urdu:سرگودھا;Punjabi pronunciation:[sɐɾˈɡoː˦d̪ˑäː];Urdu pronunciation:[ˈsəɾˌɡoːˈd̪ʱɑː]) is a city and capital ofSargodha Division, located incentralPunjab, Pakistan. It is Pakistan's11th largest city by population[15] and one of the fastest-growing cities of the country.[16] Sargodha is also known as theCity of Eagles.[2]
It is one of the few planned cities of Pakistan (others includeFaisalabad,Islamabad andGwadar).[17]
Sargodha was established by the British as a canal-colony in 1903 (originally spelled Sargoda) as a tehsil of Shahpur district.[18] Sargodha was badly affected by an outbreak of thebubonic plague in 1903, and experienced a milder outbreak in 1904.[19] Although it was a small town in the beginning, the BritishRoyal Air Force built an airport here due to its strategic location.[20] The term "Sargodha" has its origin in the words "Sar" (from "sarowar") meaning "pond" and "Godha" meaning "Sadhu", which means "Pond of Godha". This city was founded by Lady Trooper by the supervision of SirCharles Montgomery Rivaz KCSI (1845 – 7 October 1926), a colonial administrator in British India and Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab from 1902 to 1907.[17] Being the District Headquarters since 1940, Sargodha was given the status of Divisional Headquarters in 1960.[21]
Location and distance of Sargodha with respect to five major cities of Pakistan is as follow:
Sargodha is situated in Pakistani province ofPunjab. It is located 187 kilometres (116 mi) northwest ofLahore, inSargodha District.[23] It lies about 48 kilometres (30 miles) from the M-2 motorway, which connectsLahore andIslamabad. It is connected to the M-2 by several interchanges at different locations. Sargodha is roughly 91 km (57 mi) fromFaisalabad, due southeast.[25] Directly east connected by the M-2 motorway are Lahore and the route toRawalpindi andIslamabad. Due east is the city ofJhang; toward the west are the city ofMianwali and the Chashma Barrage.
Sargodha mainly comprises flat, fertile plains, although here are a few small hills along the Sargodha-Faisalabad Road. The River Jhelum flows on the western and northern sides, and the RiverChenab on the eastern side of the city.[27] The city is located 190 metres above sea level.[28]
The city has a climate of extreme heat in the summers and moderate cold in the winters. The maximum temperature reaches 50 °C (122 °F) in the summer while the minimum temperature recorded is as low as freezing point in the winter.
| Climate data for Sarghoda (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.6 (65.5) | 22.4 (72.3) | 27.6 (81.7) | 34.1 (93.4) | 39.6 (103.3) | 40.7 (105.3) | 37.7 (99.9) | 36.6 (97.9) | 35.7 (96.3) | 32.8 (91.0) | 26.9 (80.4) | 21.6 (70.9) | 31.2 (88.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 11.8 (53.2) | 15.2 (59.4) | 20.6 (69.1) | 26.7 (80.1) | 32.0 (89.6) | 34.0 (93.2) | 32.7 (90.9) | 31.9 (89.4) | 30.2 (86.4) | 25.4 (77.7) | 19.2 (66.6) | 14.0 (57.2) | 24.5 (76.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.9 (40.8) | 8.2 (46.8) | 13.7 (56.7) | 19.4 (66.9) | 24.5 (76.1) | 27.2 (81.0) | 27.7 (81.9) | 27.2 (81.0) | 24.8 (76.6) | 18.7 (65.7) | 11.5 (52.7) | 6.2 (43.2) | 17.8 (64.0) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 18.9 (0.74) | 28.3 (1.11) | 38.5 (1.52) | 37.2 (1.46) | 28.9 (1.14) | 56.1 (2.21) | 131.6 (5.18) | 94.1 (3.70) | 56.1 (2.21) | 12.1 (0.48) | 4.6 (0.18) | 8.9 (0.35) | 515.3 (20.29) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 2.9 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 6.7 | 5.4 | 3.8 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 43.3 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 68 | 62 | 60 | 49 | 40 | 43 | 62 | 67 | 61 | 56 | 65 | 70 | 59 |
| Source 1:NOAA[29] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2:Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity 1979-1995)[30] | |||||||||||||
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1941 | 36,000 | — |
| 1951 | 78,000 | +116.7% |
| 1961 | 130,000 | +66.7% |
| 1972 | 200,000 | +53.8% |
| 1981 | 291,000 | +45.5% |
| 1998 | 458,440 | +57.5% |
| 2017 | 872,557 | +90.3% |
| 2023 | 975,886 | +11.8% |
The total population of the city was 458,440[31] according to the1998 census. The majority of the people in the city speakPunjabi withShahpuri dialect.[20] According to the2017 Census of Pakistan, the population of city was recorded as 872,557 with a rise of 43.94% from 1998. The population of the metropolitan area (City District) reached 3,903,588, in which around 1 million forms the urban population.[32] The population of Sargodha Division was recorded as 8,181,499 by the2017 Census of Pakistan.
| Religious group | 1911[34]: 23 [35]: 19 | 1921[36]: 25 [37]: 21 | 1931[38]: 26 | 1941[33]: 32 | 2017[39] | 2023[40] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Islam | 4,064 | 45.93% | 6,967 | 39.3% | 9,146 | 34.18% | 12,060 | 33.11% | 623,293 | 94.7% | 1,001,238 | 95.29% |
Hinduism [b] | 3,563 | 40.26% | 8,189 | 46.19% | 11,709 | 43.75% | 17,413 | 47.81% | 22 | 0% | 163 | 0.02% |
Sikhism | 964 | 10.89% | 2,168 | 12.23% | 5,201 | 19.43% | 5,920 | 16.25% | — | — | 36 | 0% |
Christianity | 232 | 2.62% | 403 | 2.27% | 704 | 2.63% | 998 | 2.74% | 34,053 | 5.17% | 48,781 | 4.64% |
Jainism | 5 | 0.06% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 7 | 0.02% | — | — | — | — |
Zoroastrianism | 1 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0% |
Buddhism.svg) | 0 | 0% | 1 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Ahmadiyya | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 817 | 0.12% | 434 | 0.04% |
| Others | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 22 | 0.06% | 23 | 0% | 53 | 0.01% |
| Total population | 8,849 | 100% | 17,728 | 100% | 26,761 | 100% | 36,420 | 100% | 658,208 | 100% | 1,050,707 | 100% |
The majority of Sargodha's economy is based on agriculture. Sargodha is considered the best citrus-producing area of Pakistan and therefore is also known as theCaliforniaof Pakistan.[41][42] Sargodha is largestkinnow-producing district of the world. It produces oranges that are considered high-quality, and supplies them to the different parts of the country. These oranges are also exported to other countries.[43] Sargodha produces a large amount of wheat, cotton, rice and vegetables that are transported to other parts of country and exported to other countries.
There are alsotextile mills, rice processing plants andNestle andShezan juice factories.
The Sargodha Chamber of Commerce and Industry monitors industrial activity in the city and reports their findings to theFederation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce & Industry and provincial government.[44] Adry port is also under construction in Sargodha.[45]
There are also several shopping malls and trade centres with both international and national outlets. Some of them include:[46]
The fifteen bazaars (markets) of Sargodha remain major trading zones in the city. Each of the fifteen bazaars has a particular name and is known for selling certain goods.[54][8]
Divisional and District Administration
Sargodha is the capital ofSargodha Tehsil. As of October 2012, the division system in Punjab Province has been restored and Sargodha became the divisional headquarters of districtsSargodha,Khushab,Mianwali andBhakkar. Sargodha became the administrative capital of theSargodha Division, handling over a population of about 8.1 million.[32]
Local Government
The Municipal Committee, Sargodha city was upgraded into Municipal Corporation in 1981 when the population of city was increased over half a million.[55] In December 2019, Sargodha Municipal Corporation was upgraded intoMetropolitan Corporation under Punjab Local Government Act, 2019.[56] Metropolitan Corporation Sargodha is currently headed by theDivisional commissioner[57] whereas the seat of mayor is vacant.
Sargodha Development Authority (SDA) was established by the government of Punjab[58] in 2017 which replaced the Sargodha Improvement Trust. SDA is responsible for new planned development in Sargodha. It also regulates and issues permits for new construction and housing projects, private houses, and commercial development.
Sargodha also has a Parks and Horticulture Authority (PHA) which maintains all the parks and horticulture in the city. Moreover, Sargodha Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) and Sargodha Waste Management Company (SWMC) are currently under planning phase.
In 2017, Sargodha was announced as one of six cities in Punjab whose security would be improved by thePunjab Safe Cities Authority. 5.5 billion Rupees were allocated for the project,[59] which was to be modeled along the lines of the Lahore Safe City project in which 8,000CCTV cameras were installed throughout the city at a cost of 12 billion rupees to record and send images to Integrated Command and Control Centres.[60] In October 2024, the project was finally launched and in the project's first phase, the installation of cameras begin along the main roads of the city.[61]
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| Hospital[62] | Type | Location |
|---|---|---|
| Combined Military Hospital | Army | Sargodha Garrison |
| DHQ Teaching Hospital | Public | Mianwali Road |
| PAF Hospital | Air force | PAF Base Mushaf |
| Fauji Foundation Hospital | Army | Satellite Town A-Block |
| Halal-e-Ahmar Hospital | Public | Satellite Town B-Block |
| University Medical and Research Centre | Public | University of Sargodha |
According to the census of 1998, the literacy rate of Sargodha was 67.8%, while in 2017 the literacy rate was recorded as 80.5%.[63] The city is considered the educational hub of Sargodha Division, handling a population of about 8.1 million.[32]Sargodha Division has its own Education Board for Secondary School Certificate (SSC) and Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSSC) Examinations. There are about four universities and numerous colleges of Medical Sciences, Law, IT, Commerce, Engineering and Intermediate Courses. Quaid-e- Azam Law College is famous for law education.
The Board of Intermediate & Secondary Education, Sargodha[64] handles the whole Sargodha Division. It was established in 1968 under the West Pakistan Board of Intermediate & Secondary Education (Multan andBoard of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Sargodha) Ordinance No. VII of 1968, with the jurisdiction of Sargodha and Rawalpindi Civil Divisions.
The 4 km (2.5 mi) longUniversity Road runs from 47 Pull to Khayyam Chowk. Other main roads include 6 km (3.7 mi) longFatima Jinnah Road & City Road, Canal Road, Katchery Road,Stadium Road, Club Road, Jail Road, Queens Road,Mushaf Ali Mir Road,Railway Road,Lahore Road,Faisalabad Road, Eid Gah Road,Mianwali Road,Sillanwali Road,Bhalwal Road, and Shaheenabad Road.
There are 3 flyovers located in the city area to regulate the flow of traffic:
Sargodha lies about 45 km (28 mi) from theM-2 Motorway, which connects Lahore andIslamabad. TheN-60 National Highway runs from Sargodha to Lahore throughPindi Bhattian andSheikhupura. It is also connected to Faisalabad by a highway.[81]
General Bus Stand is located on Fatima Jinnah Road that provides bus service from Sargodha to almost every part of the country.Daewoo Bus Service drives regular routes from Sargodha to the rest of the country.[82] Others include Niazi Express, Faisal Movers, Bilal Travels, Islamabad Express and Skyways etc.
The online cab serviceinDrive and some locally owned cab services such as Apni-Sawari are available in the city. Manyauto rickshaws are also available throughout the city, which are often used by those who cannot afford the cab services.
Sargodha is also connected by the rest of the country through the rail.[83] Sargodha Junction railway station is located on Shorkot-Lala Musa branch railway line.Hazara Express,Millat Express, Sandal Express and Sargodha Express provide daily transport to Rawalpindi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, Karachi and other major cities.
Pakistan's largestairbase,PAF Base Mushaf (formerly PAF Base Sargodha), is situated in Sargodha and hosts the headquarters of thePakistan Air Force's Central Air Command. The airbase is also home to theCombat Commanders School (CCS), formerly the Fighter Leader's School.[84]
TheKirana Hills are a small and extensive rockymountain range located in Sargodha.[85][86][87][88] They are a commonly-visited tourist attraction in Sargodha City. Locally known as theBlack Mountains[89] due to theirbrownish landscape, their highest peak is about 980 feet (300 m).[90]
Jinnah Hall is a historical landmark in Sargodha.[91] Jinnah Hall was built in 1949. It was named forMuhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah Hall was originally built as a town hall and library in Company Bagh, Sargodha; now it is currently used as an exhibition hall, event space, and library.
Sargodha is home to theSargodha Cricket Stadium.[92] Sargodha's cricket team was a first-class cricket team that represented Sargodha Division. They competed in Pakistan's first-class tournaments in 1961–62 and 2002–03. There's a sports complex adjacent to the stadium that includes gym as well as basketball, badminton and table tennis courts. Moreover, karate classes also take place regularly at the complex.[citation needed]
Mela Mandi Ground is a multi-use historic stadium in Sargodha. It is mostly used forcricket andfootball.[93] The Mela Mandi Ground was constructed to provide a vast ground for outdoor sports and activities. During March, every year (the country's spring season), several competitions are held here. Almost all Pakistani people watch these annual games.[94]
Sargodha is also home toSargodha Astroturf Hockey Stadium, located near Mela Mandi Ground. It is home to the Sargodha District Hockey Team, and provides a reliable platform for the city's youth.[95] Galaxy Sports Complex is a renowned Sports Academy of the city.[96]
Aflood-lit football ground is under construction in Company Bagh, Sargodha.
The cuisine of Sargodha is similar to that of other regions of South Asia, with some of it originating from the royal kitchens of 16th-century Mughal emperors.[97] Most of those dishes have their roots inBritish,Indian,Central Asian andMiddle Eastern cuisine.[98] Pakistani cooking uses large quantities of spices, herbs, and seasoning. Garlic,ginger,turmeric, redchili, andgaram masala are used in most dishes, and home cooking regularly includes curry.Roti, a thin flatbread made from wheat, is a staple food, usually served with curry, meat, vegetables, and lentils. Rice is also common; it is served plain, fried with spices, and in sweet dishes.[99][100][101]
Lassi is a traditional drink inPunjab, including Sargodha.Black tea with milk and sugar is also popular throughout the city and is consumed daily by most of the population.[102][103]
Fast food is also very popular across the city. Along with local fast food restaurants, there are also several international fast food outlets in the city, includingKFC,[104]McDonald's,Subway andDomino's.[105] The world's biggestGloria Jean's store is also located in Sargodha.
In 1966, the Government of Pakistan awarded a special flag, theHilal-e-Istaqlal to Sargodha (also toLahore andSialkot) for showing severe resistance to the enemy during theIndo-Pakistani War of 1965 as these cities were targets of the Indian advance.[106] Every year onDefence Day (6 September), this flag is hoisted in these cities in recognition of the will, courage and perseverance of their people.[107]
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link){{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal= (help)Pakistani food is similar to that of northern India, with a splash of Middle Eastern influence derived from other Muslim cultures over the centuries.
Pakistani cuisine—a fusion of Central Asian, Middle Eastern, Persian, and Indian traditions—is known for being spicy and for its aromatic and flavorful richness.
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