Sarajevo Canton | |
|---|---|
 Flag | |
 Sarajevo Canton within Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Established | 1995; 30 years ago (1995) |
| Cantonal seat | Sarajevo |
| Municipalities | 9 municipalities |
| Government | |
| • Premier | Nihad Uk (NS) |
| • Canton Assembly | 35 members |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,269.05 km2 (489.98 sq mi) |
| Population (2013)[2] | |
• Total | 413,593 |
| • Density | 325.908/km2 (844.097/sq mi) |
| Area code | 037 |
| ISO 3166 code | BA-09 |
| HDI (2022) | 0.781[3] high ·2nd |
| Website | vlada |
TheSarajevo Canton (Bosnian:Kanton Sarajevo;Croatian:Sarajevska županija;Serbian:Сарајевски кантон) is afederated state and one of the tencantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina inBosnia and Herzegovina. Its cantonal seat is the city ofSarajevo, also the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The canton is bordered byRepublika Srpska to the north and east,Bosnian-Podrinje Canton Goražde to the southeast,Herzegovina-Neretva Canton to the south and southwest, andCentral Bosnia Canton to the west.
The Canton represents themetro area of Sarajevo. It contains 97% of the city's population, but a much smaller percentage of the official land area. The majority of the population isBosniak (83.8%).[4]
The Sarajevo Canton consists of 9 municipalities, of which 4 comprise the city of Sarajevo:
| Municipality | Population (2013) | Area (km2) |
|---|---|---|
| Novi Grad, Sarajevo | 118,553 | 47.31 |
| Ilidža | 66,730 | 136.77 |
| Novo Sarajevo | 64,814 | 9.19 |
| Centar,Sarajevo | 55,181 | 32.92 |
| Stari Grad,Sarajevo | 36,976 | 49.69 |
| Vogošća | 26,343 | 71.69 |
| Hadžići | 23,891 | 272.86 |
| Ilijaš | 19,603 | 308.55 |
| Trnovo | 1,502 | 340.08 |
| Total | 413,593 | 1,269.05 |
The history of Sarajevo dates back to Neolithic times, when theButmir culture made its mountains and hills their home. In ancient times, the Sarajevo area (Canton) was occupied by theIllyrians. The local tribe, the Daesitates, controlled most of the area. They were a warlike bunch and the last Illyrian tribe to resist Roman rule, which finally came inAD 9. Under Roman rule, many roads were constructed in the region, as well as a city on top of modern-dayIlidža. During the Middle Ages, the area of Sarajevo Canton was a key part of the Bosnian Kingdom. The toponymVrhbosna existed somewhere in the region and was one of the notable settlements at the time.
True development of the region came after theOttoman conquest when localMuslim nobleIsa-Beg Isaković established the roots of the modern city ofSarajevo, between 1461 and 1463. The region grew along with the city, which quickly, after Istanbul, became the most important in the Balkans. Later rule byAustria-Hungary modernized and westernized the region. UnderYugoslavia, there was major development of the area, which more than tripled in size. Because of its ideal geographical location in between mountains, Sarajevo was chosen to host the1984 Winter Olympics. Much of this progress was offset however by theYugoslav Wars in the early 1990s.
The Sarajevo Canton was a result of this warfare, created by the Washington Accords in 1994, and its boundaries defined by theDayton Accords in 1995.
Like allCantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the head of the Sarajevo Canton is called thePremier. The current Premier isNihad Uk, having served since 24 March 2023.[5] Like many other heads of executive branches of government in the world, the Premier has a cabinet which helps him go about his duties. The Sarajevo Canton also has ministries, services, and agencies to help in the running of the region.
The Canton is split into 9 municipalities. They are all based on the major settlements in their region, except for Sarajevo, whose size and status as capital city gives it four separate municipalities and its own separate city government. Major cities are in municipalities of the same name in Bosnia and Herzegovina (i.e. Ilidža is part of Ilidža Municipality) whose governments are the de facto city government as their jurisdiction covers the city and all major suburbs.
The Sarajevo Canton has a typical Bosnian geography. It is located close to the geometric center of the country, and contains numerous mountains, includingBjelašnica,Igman, Jahorina,Trebević, andTreskavica. The cities of the Canton are built predominantly on the hills at the foot of these mountains, and the fields in between them. The most significant of these is the Sarajevo field, a small depression upon which the bulk of the city is built upon. TheMiljacka river passes through the Canton.Vrelo Bosne, the source of theBosna River, is found in Sarajevo Canton and is the source of water for most residents of Sarajevo.[citation needed]
Sarajevo is economically strongest region in the whole of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The city and canton generate more than 37% of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian GDP.
The economy of Sarajevo Canton is slowly growing better, although it has been severely weakened by theSiege of Sarajevo and is still drastically weaker than it used to be during Yugoslav period. The employment rate inBosnia and Herzegovina is 45.5% officially; however, grey economy may reduce actual unemployment to between 25 and 30%, while in Sarajevo the official unemployment rate is around 15% of the labour force.
Major industries in the region include tourism, food processing, manufacturing and IT. Several major Bosnian companies are based in the Canton such asBosnalijek andBosna Bank International. The area also holds the country footholds of numerous foreign corporations, such asCoca-Cola,Raiffeisen Bank International,Ziraat Bank,Al Jazeera,Volkswagen, among many others.
The Sarajevo Canton contains Sarajevo and its metro area. Since the city is the largest inBosnia and Herzegovina, it is also one of the most populousCantons of Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 2013 population census, the overall population of Sarajevo Canton is 413.593. 84% of population are ethnic Bosniaks, 4,2% Croats, and 3,2% Serbs.
The population density of Sarajevo Canton is some 350 people per km2. 15.8% of the Canton's population are youth up to 14 years of age, 67.8% are between 15 and 64 years of age, and some 16.4% are over 65 years of age.[6]
Of the nine municipalities, the biggest population belongs toNovi Grad, with some 125.626 residents, and the smallest population was inTrnovo, which has a mere 2.850 residents.[6]
∗ 1961–1981 censuses
∗ 1991 census
∗ 2013 census
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
43°51′N18°15′E / 43.850°N 18.250°E /43.850; 18.250
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