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Sanxiang dialect

中文

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Southern Min dialect island in Sanxiang

Sanxiang
三鄉話
Sahiu
Native to	China
Region	Mainly inSanxiang, southernGuangdong province.
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Chinese Min Coastal Min Southern Min (Zhongshan Min) Sanxiang
Early forms	Proto-Sino-Tibetan Old Chinese^[a] Proto-Min
Writing system	Chinese characters
Language codes
ISO 639-3	None (`mis`)
Glottolog	`sanx1234`
Sanxiang dialect, at the southern periphery of Zhongshan City

Sanxiang (inCantoneseSamheung, in the language itselfSahiu) is aMin variety ofSouthern Min^[4]^[5]^[6] Chinese mostly spoken inSanxiang inZhongshan in thePearl River Delta ofGuangdong, China.^[7]^{[failed verification]} Despite its close proximity, Sanxiang is not very closely related to the surrounding dialects in the region, which belong to theYue group, and thus forms a "dialect island" of Min speakers. It is one of three enclaves ofMin in Zhongshan, the others beingLongdu andNanlang.^[4]^[5]

Notes

^Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.^[1]^[2]^[3]

References

^Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone",Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies,30:86–110,doi:10.2307/2718766,JSTOR 2718766
^Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984),Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3,ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
^Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert;Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10)."Glottolog 4.8 - Min".Glottolog.Leipzig:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962.Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved2023-10-13.
^^a ^bBodman, Nicholas C. (1982)."The Namlong Dialect, a Northern Min Outlier in Zhongshan Xian and the Influence of Cantonese on its Lexicon and Phonology"(PDF).Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies.14 (1):1–19. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2020-02-03.
^^a ^bBodman, Nicholas C. (1985). "The Reflexes of Initial Nasals in Proto-Southern Min-Hingua". In Acson, Veneeta; Leed, Richard L. (eds.).For Gordon H. Fairbanks. Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications. Vol. 20. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 5–6.ISBN 978-0-8248-0992-8.JSTOR 20006706.
^"Reclassifying ISO 639-3 [nan]: An Empirical Approach to Mutual Intelligibility and Ethnolinguistic Distinctions"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2021-09-19.
^Campbell, James."Zhongshan Sanxiang Dialect Phonology".Glossika. Archived fromthe original on 2009-04-29. Retrieved2009-03-25.

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Sino-Tibetan branches

WesternHimalayas (Himachal,
Uttarakhand,Nepal,Sikkim)

West Himalayish
Tamangic
Newaric
- Newar
- Baram–Thangmi
Kiranti
Dhimalish
- Dhimal
- Toto
- Lhokpu
Lepcha

Greater Magaric	Magaric Magar Kham Chepangic Chepang Bhujel Raji–Raute Dura–Tandrange

Map of Sino-Tibetan languages

EasternHimalayas
(Tibet,Bhutan,Arunachal)

Bodish
- Tibetic
- East Bodish
- Tshangla
- Basum
- Nam?
Gongduk
ʼOle
Kho-Bwa
- Puroik?
Tani
Chamdo

Myanmar and Indo-
Burmese border

Naga	Ao Angami–Pochuri Meitei Tangkhulic Zeme
Sal	Boro–Garo Konyak Jingpho–Luish

East andSoutheast Asia

Sinitic
- Yue
- Pinghua
- Hakka
- Min
- Wu
- Hui
- Gan
- Xiang
- Mandarin
- Jin
Bai
Tujia
Nungish
Karenic
Gong
Kathu
Cai–Long
- Caijia
- Longjia–Luren

Burmo-Qiangic	Qiangic Gyalrongic Ersuic Naic Lolo-Burmese Mondzish Burmish Loloish

Dubious (possible
isolates,Arunachal)

Greater Siangic	Siangic Koro Milang Idu–Taraon

Proposed groupings

Proto-languages

Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.

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Languages

Houguan	Fuzhou dialect Fuqing dialect Changle dialect Gutian dialect Matsu dialect
Funing	Xiapu dialect Fu'an dialect Ningde dialect
Others	Manjiang dialect Zhongshan Min Longdu dialect Nanlang dialect

A map showing the geographical distribution of the primary varieties of Min Chinese.

Teochew	Swatow dialect
Hokkien	Amoy dialect Quanzhou dialects Hui'an dialect Yongchun dialect Zhangzhou dialects Chawan dialect Longyan dialect Taiwanese Banana colloquial speech NorthernMalacca Straits Hokkien Penang Hokkien Medan Hokkien Kelantan Peranakan Hokkien Philippine Hokkien SouthernMalacca Straits Hokkien Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien Singaporean Hokkien
Others	Datian Min Houlu dialect Haklau Min Zhenan Min Zhongshan Min Sanxiang dialect

Pu–Xian Min
(Hinghwa)

Shao–Jiang Min

Zhanjiang dialect

Logographic	Chinese characters
Alphabetic	Pe̍h-ōe-jī Pe̍h-ūe-jī Hainan Romanized Foochow Romanized Hinghwa Romanized Kienning Colloquial Romanized Taiwanese Romanization System Taiwanese Language Phonetic Alphabet Daighi tongiong pingim Bbánlám pìngyīm Peng'im Fuzhou Transliteration Scheme Hainanese Transliteration Scheme
Mixed	Hàn-lô

Research

Proto-languages	Proto-Min
Rime dictionaries	Qi Lin Bayin Jianzhou Ba Yin

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Chinese language

Sinitic languages

Lingua franca of modern Chinese

Standard forms	Standard Chinese differences Old National Pronunciation
Regional accents and varieties	Guangdong [zh] Majie [zh] Liuzhou [zh] Sichuan Taiwan Central Taiwan [zh] Singapore-Malaysia [zh] Singapore Malaysia Kluang [zh] Beijing females [zh]

Traditional dialects

Lanzhou dialect [zh]
Ürümqi dialect [zh]

Other

Taihu	Shanghai Suzhou Wuxi Changzhou (?)Hangzhou Shaoxing Ningbo Jinxiang Jiangyin Shadi
Taizhou Wu	Taizhou Tiantai
Oujiang	Wenzhou Rui'an Wencheng
Wuzhou	Jinhua
Chu–Qu	Quzhou Jiangshan Qingtian
Xuanzhou	Xuancheng

Houguan [zh]	Fuzhou Fuqing Changle Gutian Matsu
Fu–Ning [zh]	Ningde Fu'an
Other	Manjiang Zhongshan Longdu Nanlang

Hokkien	Quanzhou Zhangzhou Amoy Chawan Taiwan Philippines Penang Medan Singapore Southern Malaysia
Teochew	Swatow Haklau Pontianak
Zhongshan	Sanxiang
Other	Zhenan Longyan

Zhanjiang

Inland

Yuehai	Guangzhou Hong Kong Malaysia Xiguan Jiujiang Shiqi Weitou Dapeng Yunfu
Siyi	Taishan Xinhui [zh]
Other	Gao–Yang Goulou Wu–Hua Yong–Xun Luo–Guang Qin–Lian

Unclassified

Shaozhou Tuhua Xiangnan Tuhua Danzhou Badong Yao Shehua Waxiang Yeheni Huizhou (Guangdong) Mai Laobeizi
(?)Macro-Bai	Bai Cai-Long Caijia Longjia Luren

History, phonology, and grammar

History	Proto-Sino-Tibetan Old Chinese Eastern Han Middle Chinese Old Mandarin Middle Mandarin Proto-Min Proto-Hakka Ba–Shu Gan
Phonology	Historical Old Old National Cantonese Hokkien Northern Wu Mandarin Literary and colloquial readings
Grammar	Numerals Classifiers Honorifics Cantonese grammar Classical grammar
Idioms	Chengyu Xiehouyu

Written Chinese and input methods

Literary forms

Official	Classical Adoption in Japan in Vietnam Vernacular

Script styles	Oracle bone Bronze Seal Clerical Semi-cursive Cursive

Mainland Chinese

Phonetic

Logographic	Biaoxingma Boshiamy [zh] Cangjie Simplified CKC Dayi Stroke count Wubi (Wang Ma) ZhengMa Q9
Pinyin	Google Microsoft Sogou

List of varieties of Chinese

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