.jpg)
¡Santiago y cierra, España! is a Spanish-language phrase. The invoking of the apostle's name (Santiago, Saint James in English) is said to have been a commonbattle cry of Christian soldiers in medieval Iberia and beyond into the Early Modern Period.[1] The full form, using a conjugated form of the verbcerrar,[n. 1] is recorded since the late-16th and 17th centuries.[1] It made a comeback in 1930s Spain as it became the motto ofRamiro de Maeztu's right-wing magazineAcción Española.[1] As a reflection of a mythicized look on the middle ages, embedded in narratives of theReconquista of Catholic Spain against theMuslim Other-enemy-invader, it has thus been historically embraced as a political slogan by arch-conservative milieus of Spanish society.[1] As a nationalist symbolic banner, the phrase has been a staple withinfar-right discourses in Spain, developed in war-related and national self-affirmation contexts.[2]