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Santa Marta (Spanish pronunciation:[ˌsantaˈmaɾta]), officially theDistrito Turístico, Cultural e Histórico de Santa Marta (English:Historic, Cultural & Tourist District of Santa Marta), is a portcity on the coast of theCaribbean Sea in northernColombia. It is the capital ofMagdalena Department and the fourth-largest urban city of theCaribbean Region of Colombia, afterBarranquilla,Cartagena, andSoledad. Founded on July 29, 1525, by the Spanish conquerorRodrigo de Bastidas, it was one of the first Spanish settlements in Colombia, its oldest surviving city, and second-oldest inSouth America.[3] This city is situated on a bay by the same name and as such, it is a prime tourist destination in the Caribbean region.[4]
Before the arrival of Europeans, the South American continent was inhabited by a number ofindigenous groups. Due to a combination of tropical weather, significant rainfall, and the destruction and misrepresentation of many records by Spanish conquistadors, our understanding of the peoples of this region is limited.
TheTairona formed mid- to large-size population centers, consisting of stone pathways, terraces, protected waterways, and spaces dedicated to agricultural produce. Their economy was primarily agricultural, cultivating corn, pineapple, yucca, and other local foodstuffs. The Tayrona are considered quite advanced for their time period. Surviving archaeological sites consisted of formed terraces and small scale underground stone channels. They were known to actively collect and process salt, which was a significant trading commodity.
They traded with other indigenous groups along the coast and interior. Archaeological excavations have recovered significant works in pottery, stonework and gold.
Simón Bolívar, the liberator of much of South America, spent his last weeks in Santa Marta, and died of tuberculosis in 1830, at the age of 47 atQuinta de San Pedro Alejandrino, Santa Marta. He was buried in the cathedral of Santa Marta, but subsequently his remains were moved toCaracas.[5]
Santa Marta's flag consists of two colors: white and blue. White symbolises peace, in that all are united without restriction. Blue symbolises the sky, the sea, the magic found in the horizon, and the snow-capped Sierra Nevada mountains.
Santa Marta is located on Santa Marta Bay of the Caribbean Sea in the province of Magdalena. It is 992 km from Bogotá and 93 km from Barranquilla. It is bordered to the north and west by the Caribbean and to the south by the municipalities of Aracataca and Ciénaga.
Santa Marta experiences atropical savanna climate (KöppenAw), bordering on a hotsemi-arid climate, with largely uniform temperatures year round. The dry season lasts from December to April, while the wet season lasts from May to November.
Santa Marta is a major port.Simón Bolívar International Airport (IATA: SMR) is 16 km (10 mi) from the city centre. Historic figureSimón Bolívar died here, a significant event for South America as a whole. His villa known asLa Quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino is located just outside the city centre. As the main city centre is located close to the coast, the city itself has had difficulty controlling expansion. Although, technically a separate locality, Rodadero is part of Santa Marta itself.[citation needed]
^"Tiempo y Clima" (in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived fromthe original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved16 August 2016.
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