 | |
 Santa Fe system (shown in blue) at the time of the BNSF merger | |
.jpg) ATSF #5051, anEMD SD40-2, leads a train throughMarceline, Missouri, in August 1983. | |
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Headquarters | Chicago, Illinois Kansas City, Missouri Los Angeles, California |
| Reporting mark | ATSF |
| Locale | |
| Founder | Cyrus K. Holliday |
| Dates of operation | 1859–1996 |
| Successor | BNSF Railway |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)standard gauge |
| Length | 13,115 miles (21,107 km) |
TheAtchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (reporting markATSF), often referred to as theSanta Fe orAT&SF, was one of the largestClass 1railroads in the United States between 1859 and 1996.[2]
The Santa Fe was a pioneer inintermodal freight transport; at various times, it operated an airline, the short-lived Santa Fe Skyway, and theSanta Fe Railroad tugboats.[3] Its bus line extended passenger transportation to areas not accessible by rail, and ferryboats on the San Francisco Bay allowed travelers to complete their westward journeys to the Pacific Ocean. The AT&SF was the subject of a popular song,Harry Warren andJohnny Mercer's "On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe", written for the filmThe Harvey Girls (1946).
The railroad officially ceased independent operations on December 31, 1996, when it merged with theBurlington Northern Railroad to form theBurlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway.
The railroad was chartered in February 1859 to serve the cities ofAtchison andTopeka, Kansas, andSanta Fe, New Mexico. The railroad reached theKansas–Colorado border in 1873 andPueblo, Colorado, in 1876. To create a demand for its services, the railroad set upreal estate offices and sold farmland from the land grants that it was awarded byCongress for laying track.[2]
As the railroad was first being built, many of the tracks were laid directly over the wagon ruts of theSanta Fe Trail. In 1869, the first general office building of the company was built in Topeka. This building also served as a passenger station and freight depot. When the line was extended to Newton, Kansas in 1871, the railroad became a major cattle shipper to ensure a steady revenue stream, at the end ofTexas cattle drive trails.
Despite being chartered to serve the city, the railroad chose to bypass Santa Fe, due to the engineering challenges of the mountainous terrain. In 1880,[4] a branch line fromLamy, New Mexico, brought the Santa Fe railroad the 20 miles to its namesake city.[5] It continued to connect with the Southern Pacific atDeming.
The system was eventually expanded with branch lines into California, Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Illinois. It reached Arizona and California by acquiring control of the western portion of theAtlantic and Pacific Railroad in 1880. It reached Chicago by acquiring theChicago and St. Louis Railway in 1887. By 1887 the mainline had been completed from Chicago to Los Angeles, making it one of the country’s most important railroads and one of the few that directly connected the Midwest with the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean under one corporation. The principal lines consisted of:
The primary back shops atTopeka, Kansas, were first established in the 1860s. The original shops were relocated in 1878 to the south side of Seward Avenue and expanded in 1902 to double the repair capacity. The shops atAlbuquerque, New Mexico, were built in 1880 and materially expanded in 1925. Another shop site was established atSan Bernardino, California, in 1886. To maintain rolling stock in the state of Texas, a fourth major shop facility was built inCleburne, Texas, in 1899.[6]
Physical confrontations led to two years of armed conflict that became known as theRoyal Gorge Railroad War. Federal intervention prompted an out-of-court settlement on February 2, 1880, in the form of the so-called "Treaty of Boston", wherein the Denver & Rio Grande railroad was allowed to complete its line and lease it for use by the Santa Fe railroad.
Building across Kansas and eastern Colorado was simple, with few natural obstacles, but the railroad found it almost economically impossible because of the sparse population. It set up real estate offices in the area and promoted settlement across Kansas on the land granted to it by Congress in 1863.
The Santa Fe entered Texas by starting what became thePanhandle and Santa Fe Railway in 1886 and acquiring theGulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway in 1887. The Santa Fe reached San Francisco by buying theSan Francisco & San Joaquin Valley Railway in 1891. They completed aGrand Canyon branch in 1901. The Santa Fe acquired the properties of theSouthern California Railway in 1906. They acquired a Phoenix branch with the purchase of theSanta Fe, Prescott and Phoenix Railway in 1911.
In 1928, the Santa Fe acquired theKansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway.
OnMarch 29, 1955, the railway was one of many companies that sponsored attractions inDisneyland with its five-year sponsorship of allDisneyland trains and stations until 1974.[7]
In 1960, AT&SF bought theToledo, Peoria & Western Railroad (TP&W); then sold a half-interest to thePennsylvania Railroad (PRR). The TP&W cut straight east acrossIllinois from nearFort Madison, Iowa (Lomax, IL), to a connection with the PRR atEffner, Indiana (Illinois–Indiana border), forming a bypass around Chicago for traffic moving between the two lines. The TP&W route did not mesh with the traffic patternsConrail developed after 1976, so AT&SF bought back the other half, merged the TP&W in 1983, then sold it back into independence in 1989.[8]
AT&SF began merger talks in the 1980s. The Southern Pacific Santa Fe Railroad (SPSF) was a proposed merger between the parent companies of theSouthern Pacific and AT&SF announced on December 23, 1983. As part of the joining of the two firms, all rail and non-rail assets owned bySanta Fe Industries and the Southern Pacific Transportation Company were placed under the control of a holding company, theSanta Fe–Southern Pacific Corporation. The merger was subsequently denied by theInterstate Commerce Commission (ICC) on the basis that it would create too many duplicate routes.[9][10]
The companies were so confident the merger would be approved that they began repainting locomotives and non-revenue rolling stock in a new unified paint scheme. While Southern Pacific (railroad) was sold off toRio Grande Industries, all of the SP's real estate holdings were consolidated into a new company,Catellus Development Corporation, making it California's largest private landowner, of which Santa Fe remained the owner. In the early 1980s, gold was discovered on several properties west of Battle Mountain, Nevada along I-80, on ground owned by the Santa Fe Railroad (formerly SP). TheSanta Fe Pacific Corporation (a name correlation of Santa Fe and Southern Pacific) was to develop the properties. They were sold toNewmont during 1997 in preparation for the merger withBurlington Northern). Sometime later, Catellus would purchase theUnion Pacific Railroad's interest in theLos Angeles Union Passenger Terminal (LAUPT).[8]
On September 22, 1995, AT&SF merged withBurlington Northern Railroad to form theBurlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway (BNSF). Some of the challenges resulting from the joining of the two companies included the establishment of a common dispatching system, the unionization of AT&SF's non-union dispatchers, and incorporating AT&SF's train identification codes throughout. The two lines maintained separate operations until December 31, 1996, when it officially became BNSF.
| 1870 | 1945 | |
| Gross operating revenue | $182,580 | $528,080,530 |
|---|---|---|
| Total track length | 62 miles (100 km) | 13,115 miles (21,107 km) |
| Freight carried | 98,920 tons | 59,565,100 tons |
| Passengers carried | 33,630 | 11,264,000 |
| Locomotives owned | 6 | 1,759 |
| Unpowered rolling stock owned | 141 | 81,974freight cars 1,436passenger cars |
| ATSF/GC&SF/P&SF | Oklahoma City-Ada-Atoka | FtWorth & Rio Grande | KCM&O/KCM&O of Texas | Clinton & Oklahoma Western | New Mexico Central | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1925 | 13,862 | 14 | 42 | 330 | 2 | 1 |
| 1933 | 8,712 | 12 | 18 | (incl P&SF) | (incl P&SF) | (incl ATSF) |
| 1944 | 37,603 | 45 | (incl GC&SF) | |||
| 1960 | 36,635 | 20 | ||||
| 1970 | 48,328 | (merged) |
| ATSF/GC&SF/P&SF | Oklahoma City-Ada-Atoka | FtWorth & Rio Grande | KCM&O/KCM&O of Texas | Clinton & Oklahoma Western | New Mexico Central | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1925 | 1,410 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| 1933 | 555 | 0.1 | 0.8 | (incl P&SF) | (incl P&SF) | (incl ATSF) |
| 1944 | 6,250 | 0.2 | (incl GC&SF) | |||
| 1960 | 1,689 | 0 | ||||
| 1970 | 727 | (merged) |
The AT&SF was widely known for itspassenger train service in the first half of the 20th century. AT&SF introduced many innovations in passenger rail travel, among these the "Pleasure Domes" of theSuper Chief (billed as the "...only dome car[s] between Chicago and Los Angeles" when they were introduced in 1951) and the "Big Dome" Lounge cars anddouble-deckerHi-Level cars of theEl Capitan, which entered revenue service in 1954. The railroad was among the first to add dining cars to its passenger trains, a move which began in 1891, following the examples of theNorthern Pacific and Union Pacific railroads. The AT&SF offered food on board in adining car or at one of the manyHarvey House restaurants that were strategically located throughout the system.[2]
In general, the same train name was used for both directions of a particular train. The exceptions to this rule included theChicagoan andKansas Cityan trains (both names referred to the same service, but theChicagoan was the eastbound version, while theKansas Cityan was the westbound version), and theEastern Express andWest Texas Express. All AT&SF trains that terminated in Chicago did so atDearborn Station. Trains terminating in Los Angeles arrived at AT&SF'sLa Grande Station until May 1939, whenLos Angeles Union Passenger Terminal was opened.
The Santa Fe was the only railroad to run trains from Chicago to California on its own tracks. The railway's extensive network was also home to a number of regional services. These generally couldn't boast of the size or panache of the transcontinental trains, but built up enviable reputations of their own nonetheless. Of these, the Chicago-Texas trains were the most famous and impressive. TheSan Diegans, which ran from Los Angeles to San Diego, were the most popular and durable, becoming to the Santa Fe whatNew York City-Philadelphia trains were to thePennsylvania Railroad. But Santa Fe flyers also servedTulsa, Oklahoma,El Paso, Texas,Phoenix, Arizona (theHassayampa Flyer), andDenver, Colorado, among other cities not on their main line.
To reach smaller communities, the railroad operated mixed (passenger and freight) trains or gas-electricdoodlebug rail cars. The latter were later converted to diesel power, and one pair ofBudd Rail Diesel Cars was eventually added. After World War II,Santa Fe Trailways buses replaced most of these lesser trains. These smaller trains generally were not named; only the train numbers were used to differentiate services.
The ubiquitous passenger service inspired the title of the 1946Academy-Award-winningHarry Warren tune "On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe." The song was written in 1945 for the filmThe Harvey Girls, a story about the waitresses of theFred Harvey Company's restaurants.[2] It was sung in the film byJudy Garland and recorded by many other singers, includingBing Crosby. In the 1970s, the railroad used Crosby's version in a commercial.
AT&SF ceased operating passenger trains on May 1, 1971, when it conveyed its remaining trains toAmtrak. These included theSuper Chief /El Capitan, theTexas Chief and theSan Diegan (though Amtrak reduced theSan Diegan from three daily round trips to two). Discontinued were theSan Francisco Chief, the ex-Grand Canyon, theTulsan, and a Denver–La Junta local.[14] ATSF had been more than willing to retain theSan Diegan and its famedChiefs. However, any railroad that opted out of Amtrak would have been required to operateall of its passenger routes until at least 1976. The prospect of having to keep operating its less-successful routes, especially the money-bleeding 23/24 (the formerGrand Canyon) led ATSF to get out of passenger service altogether.[15]
Amtrak still runs theSuper Chief andSan Diegan today as theSouthwest Chief andPacific Surfliner, respectively, although the original routes and equipment have been modified by Amtrak.
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AT&SF operated the following named trains on regular schedules:
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Occasionally, a special train was chartered to make a high-profile run over the Santa Fe's track. These specials were not included in the railroad's regular revenue service lineup, but were intended as one-time (and usually one-way) traversals of the railroad. Some of the more notable specials include:
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The Santa Fe employed several distinctive wayside and crossing signal styles. In an effort to reduce grade crossing accidents, the Santa Fe was an early user ofwigwag signals from the Magnetic Signal Company, beginning in the 1920s. They had several distinct styles that were not commonly seen elsewhere. Model 10's, which had the wigwag motor and banner coming from halfway up the mast with the crossbucks on top, were almost unique to the Santa Fe–the Southern Pacific had a few as well. Upper quadrant Magnetic Flagmen were used extensively on the Santa Fe as well–virtually every small town main street and a number of city streets had their crossings protected by these unique wigwags. Virtually all the wigwags were replaced with modern signals by the turn of the 21st century.
The railroad was also known for its tall "T-2 style" upper quadrantsemaphores which provided traffic control on its lines. Again, the vast majority of these had been replaced by the beginning of the 21st century, with fewer than 10 still remaining in use in New Mexico as of 2023.
The Santa Fe operated a large and varied fleet ofsteam locomotives. In 1899, the company owned 1,036 locomotives.[17] Among them was the2-10-2 "Santa Fe", originally built for the railroad byBaldwin Locomotive Works in 1903.[18][19] The railroad would ultimately end up with the largest fleet of them, at over 300.[citation needed] Other types included4-4-2Atlantics,2-6-0 Moguls,2-8-0Consolidations,2-8-2Mikados,2-10-0Decapods,2-6-2Prairies,4-8-4Heavy-Mountains,4-6-4Heavy-Pacifics,4-6-2Pacifics,4-8-2Mountains,2-8-4Berkshires, and2-10-4Texas. The railroad also operated a fleet of heavy articulatedMallet locomotives, including1158 class2-6-6-2s,2-8-8-0s,2-10-10-2s,2-8-8-2s, and the rare4-4-6-2. The railroad retired its last steam locomotive in 1959.
During the twentieth century, all but one of these was painted black, with white unit numbers on the sand domes and three sides of the tender. Cab sides were lettered "AT&SF", also in white. The subsidiary Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe often painted all or part of the smokebox (between the boiler and the headlight) white or silver. In 1940, the circle and cross emblem was applied to the tenders of a few passenger locomotives, but these were all later painted over. After World War II, "Santa Fe" appeared on tender sides of mainline road locomotives in white, above the unit number. Locomotives were delivered from Baldwin with white paint on the wheel rims, but the road did not repaint these "whitewalls" after shopping the locomotives. After World War II, side rods and valve gear were painted chrome yellow. For a short time, Pacific types 1369 and 1376 were semi-streamlined for "Valley Flyer" service, with a unique paint scheme in colors similar to those used on the new passenger diesels. Unique was the two-tone light blue over royal blue scheme of streamlined Hudson type3460.
Santa Fe's first set of diesel-electric passenger locomotives was placed in service on theSuper Chief in 1936 and consisted of a pair of blunt-nosed units (EMC 1800 hp B-B) designated as Nos. 1 and 1A. The upper portion of the sides and ends of the units were painted gold, while the lower section was a dark olive-green color; an olive stripe also ran along the sides and widened as it crossed the front of the locomotive.
Riveted to the sides of the units were metal plaques bearing a large "Indian Head"logo, which owed its origin to the 1926Chief "drumhead" logo. "Super Chief" was emblazoned on a plaque located on the front. The rooftop was light slate gray, rimmed by a red pinstripe. This unique combination of colors was called theGolden Olive paint scheme.[20][21] Before entering service,Sterling McDonald'sGeneral Motors Styling Department augmented the look with the addition of red and blue striping along both the sides and ends of the units in order to enhance their appearance.
In a little over a year, the EMC E1 (a new and improved streamlined locomotive) would be pulling theSuper Chief and other passenger consists, resplendent in the now-famousWarbonnet paint scheme devised byLeland Knickerbocker of the GM Art and Color Section. Its design was protected under a U.S.design patent,[22] granted on November 9, 1937. It is reminiscent of aNative American ceremonialhead-dress. The scheme consisted of a red "bonnet" that wrapped around the front of the unit and was bordered by a yellow stripe and black pinstripe. The extent of the bonnet varied according to the locomotive model and was largely determined by the shape and length of the car body. The remainder of the unit was either painted silver or was composed of stainless-steel panels.
All units wore a nose emblem consisting of an elongated yellow "Circle and Cross" emblem with integral "tabs" on the nose and the sides, outlined and accented with black pinstripes, with variances according to the locomotive model. "SANTA FE" was displayed on the horizontal limb of the cross in black,Art Deco-style lettering. This emblem has come to be known as the "cigar band" due to its uncanny resemblance to the same. On all but the "Erie-built" units (which were essentially run as a demonstrator set),GE U28CG,GE U30CG, andFP45 units, a three-part yellow and black stripe ran up the nose behind the band.
A "Circle and Cross" motif (consisting of a yellow field, with red quadrants, outlined in black) was painted around the side windows on "as-delivered" E1 units. Similar designs were added toE3s,E6s, the DL109/110 locomotive set, and ATSF 1A after it was rebuilt and repainted. The sides of the units typically bore the words "SANTA FE" in black, 5"– or 9"–high extra extended Railroad Roman letters, as well as the "Indian Head" logo,[23][24] with a few notable exceptions.
Railway identity on diesel locomotives in passenger service:
| Locomotive Type | "Indian Head" | "Circle and Cross" | "Santa Fe" | Logotype | Starting Year | Comments |
| ATSF 1 | Yes | Yes* | Yes | No | 1937 | "Circle and Cross" added to No. 1 after rebuild in May 1938 |
| EMC E1,E3, &E6 | Yes* | Yes | Yes | No | 1937 | "Indian Head" added to B units at a later date |
| ALCO DL109/110 | Yes* | Yes | Yes | No | 1941 | No "Indian Head" on B unit |
| EMD FT | Yes* | No | Yes | No | 1945 | "Indian Head" added to B units at a later date |
| ALCO PA /PB | Yes* | No | Yes | No | 1946 | "Indian Head" added to B units at a later date |
| EMD F3 | Yes* | No | Yes | No | 1946 | "Indian Head" on B units only |
| FM Erie-built | Yes* | No | Yes* | No | 1947 | "Indian Head" and "SANTA FE" on A units only |
| EMD F7 | Yes* | No | Yes* | No | 1949 | "Indian Head" on B units only; "SANTA FE" added in 1954 |
| EMD E8 | Yes* | No | Yes | No | 1952 | "Indian Head" on B units only |
| GE U28CG | No | No | No | Yes | 1966 | "Santa Fe" logotype in large, red "billboard"-style letters |
| GE U30CG | No | No | Yes* | No | 1967 | 5"–high non-extended "SANTA FE" letters |
| EMD FP45 | No | No | Yes* | No | 1967 | 9"–high "SANTA FE" letters |
Source: Pelouze, Richard W. (1997).Trademarks of the Santa Fe Railway. The Santa Fe Railway Historical and Modeling Society, Inc., Highlands Ranch, Colorado, pp. 47–50.
In later years, Santa Fe adapted the scheme to its gas-electric "doodlebug" units.[25] The standard for all of Santa Fe's passenger locomotives, theWarbonnet is considered by many to be the most-recognized corporate logo in the railroad industry. Early after Amtrak's inception in 1971, Santa Fe embarked on a program to repaint the red bonnet on its F units that were still engaged in hauling passenger consists with yellow (also calledYellowbonnets) or dark blue (nicknamedBluebonnets), as it no longer wanted to project the image of a passenger carrier.
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Diesels used as switchers between 1935 and 1960 were painted black, with just a thin white or silver horizontal accent stripe (the sills were painted similarly). The letters "A.T.& S.F." were applied in a small font centered on the sides of the unit, as was the standard blue and white "Santa Fe" box logo. AfterWorld War II, diagonal white or silver stripes were added to the ends and cab sides to increase the visibility at grade crossings (typically referred to as theZebra Stripe scheme). "A.T.& S.F." was now placed along the sides of the unit just above the accent stripe, with the blue and white "Santa Fe" box logo below.
Due to the lack of abundant water sources in the American desert, the Santa Fe Railway was among the first railroads to receive large numbers of streamlined diesel locomotives for use in freight service, in the form of theEMD FT. For the first group of FTs, delivered between December 1940 and March 1943 (#100–#119), the railroad selected a color scheme consisting of dark blue accented by a pale yellow stripe up the nose, and pale yellow highlights around the cab and along the mesh and framing of openings in the sides of the engine compartment; a thin red stripe separated the blue areas from the yellow.
The words "SANTA FE" were applied in yellow in a 5"–high extended font, and centered on the nose was the "Santa Fe" box logo (initially consisting of a blue cross, circle, and square painted on a solidbronze sheet, but subsequently changed to baked steel sheets painted bronze with the blue identifying elements applied on top). Three thin, pale-yellow stripes (known asCat Whiskers) extended from the nose logo around the cab sides. In January 1951, Santa Fe revised the scheme to consist of three yellow stripes running up the nose, with the addition of a blue and yellowCigar Band (similar in size and shape to that applied to passenger units); the blue background and elongated yellow "SANTA FE" lettering were retained.
The years 1960 to 1972 saw non-streamlined freight locomotives sporting the "Billboard" color scheme (sometimes referred to as the "Bookends" or "Pinstripe" scheme), where the units were predominantly dark blue with yellow ends and trim, with a single yellow accent pinstripe. The words "Santa Fe" were applied in yellow in large bold serif letters (logotype) to the sides of the locomotive below the accent stripe (save foryardswitchers which displayed the "SANTA FE" in small yellow letters above the accent stripe, somewhat akin to theZebra Stripe arrangement).
In late 1975 and early 1976, on the occasion of theAmerican Independence Bicentennial, Santa Fe repainted five SD45-2s with a special Bicentennial scheme at its San Bernardino Shops. These locomotives, numbered #5700 to #5704 they were placed at the front of theSuper C high priority freight trains operating between Chicago and Los Angeles, although they were also seen leading theAmerican Freedom Train's national tour on the Santa Fe lines and also participated in special events such as the grand opening, that same year 1976, of the new Railroad's Barstow Classification Yard. In the early 1980s these units were repainted in the company's standard blue and yellow scheme.[26][27][28][29]
From 1972 to 1996, and even on into the BNSF era, the company adopted a new paint scheme often known among railfans as the "Freightbonnet" or "Yellowbonnet", which placed more yellow on the locomotives (reminiscent of the company's retiredWarbonnet scheme); the goal again was to ensure higher visibility at grade crossings. The truck assemblies, previously colored black, now received silver paint.
In 1965, the road took delivery of tenGE U28CG dual serviceroad switcher locomotives equally suited to passenger or fast freight service. These wore a variation of the "Warbonnet" scheme in which the black and yellow separating stripes disappeared. The "Santa Fe" name was emblazoned on the sides in large black letters, using the same stencils used on freight engines; these were soon repainted in red. In 1989, Santa Fe resurrected this version of the "Warbonnet" scheme and applied it to two SDFP45 units, #5992 and #5998. The units were re-designated as #101 and #102 and reentered service on July 4, 1989, as part of the new "Super Fleet" campaign (the first Santa Fe units to be so decorated for freight service). The six remaining FP45 units were thereafter similarly repainted and renumbered. From that point forward, most new locomotives wore red and silver, and many retained this scheme after theBurlington Northern Santa Fe merger, some with "BNSF" displayed across their sides.
For the initial deliveries of factory-new "Super Fleet" equipment, Santa Fe took delivery of theEMD GP60M andGeneral Electric B40-8W which made the Santa Fe the only USClass I railroad to operate new 4-axle (B-B) freight locomotives equipped with theNorth American Safety Cab intended for high-speed intermodal service.
Several experimental and commemorative paint schemes emerged during the Santa Fe's diesel era. One combination was developed and partially implemented in anticipation of a merger between the parent companies of the Santa Fe andSouthern Pacific (SP) railroads in 1984. The red, yellow, and black paint scheme with large yellow block letters on the sides and ends of the units of the proposedSouthern Pacific Santa Fe Railroad (SPSF) has come to be somewhat derisively known amongrailfans as theKodachrome livery, due to the similarity in colors to the boxes containing slide film sold by theEastman Kodak Company under the same name. Santa Fe units repainted in this scheme were labeled "SF", Southern Pacific units "SP", and some (presumably new) units wore the letters "SPSF". After the ICC's denial of the merger, railfans joked that SPSF really stood for "Shouldn't Paint So Fast."[30]
.jpg)
While most of the Santa Fe's steam locomotives were retired and sold for scrap, over fifty were saved and donated to various parks and museums, a handful of which have either been restored to operating condition or are pending future restoration.
Some of the more notable locomotives include:
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Santa Fe maintained and operated a fleet of three passengerferry boats (theSan Pablo, theSan Pedro, and theOcean Wave) that connectedRichmond, California, with San Francisco by water. The ships traveled the eight miles between the San Francisco Ferry Terminal and the railroad'sPoint Richmond terminal across San Francisco Bay. The service was originally established as a continuation of the company's named passenger train runs such as theAngel and theSaint. The larger two ships (theSan Pablo and theSan Pedro) carriedFred Harvey Company dining facilities.
Rival SP owned the world's largestferry fleet (which was subsidized by other railroad activities), at its peak carrying 40 million passengers and 60 million vehicles annually aboard 43 vessels. Santa Fe discontinued ferry service in 1933 due to the effects of theGreat Depression and routed their trains to Southern Pacific's ferry terminal inOakland. TheSan Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge opened in 1936, initiating a slow decline in demand for SP's ferry service, which was eventually discontinuedc. 1958; starting in 1938, SF-bound passengers could board buses across the bridge at the Santa Fe Oakland depot (located inEmeryville).[citation needed]
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Passenger trains of theAtchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway | ||
|---|---|---|
| Chiefs | | |
| Other named trains | ||
| One-time specials | ||
| Rolling stock | ||
