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Sanming dialect

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Central Min Chinese dialect
Sanming
三明事
Pronunciation[sɔ̃˥˥˧mã˦˩ʃia˧]
Native toSouthernChina
RegionSanming,Fujian
Early forms
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
GlottologNone
Linguasphere79-AAA-hbb
This article containsIPA phonetic symbols. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofUnicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA.

TheSanming dialect (Central Min: 三明事,Mandarin Chinese: 三明話) is a dialect ofCentral Min spoken in urban areas ofSanming, aprefecture-level city in WesternFujian Province,China.

Phonology

[edit]

The Sanming dialect has 18 initials, 37 rimes and 6 tones.

Initials

[edit]
BilabialAlveolarPostalveolarVelar
Nasalmnŋ
StopTenuisptk
Aspiratedpʰtʰkʰ
AffricateTenuiststʃ
Aspiratedtsʰtʃʰ
Fricativesʃx
Glidel
  • Initials/m,ŋ/ may also be heard as prenasal[mb,ŋɡ] in free variation. When the two initials are followed by non-nasalized rimes, they can be heard as voiced plosives[b,ɡ].
  • Palato-alveolar sounds/tʃ,tʃʰ,ʃ/ can also be heard as alveolo-palatal sounds[tɕ,tɕʰ,ɕ] in free variation among speakers.

Rimes

[edit]
Open syllableNasal codaNasal vowel coda
Open mouthɹ̩ɛɒaɯøaɯ auam aiŋm̩ã ɔ̃
Even mouthi iɛ iɒ ia iɯiauiamiaiŋiã iɔ̃ ɛ̃
Closed mouthu uɛ uioŋ̍uã
Round mouthy yi yɛ yoyaiŋyã yɛ̃

Tones

[edit]
No.123456
Tone namedark level
陰平		light level
陽平		dark rising
陰上		light rising
陽上		departing
去聲		entering
入聲
Tone contour˥˥˧ 553˦˩ 41˨˩ 21˨˩˧ 213˧ 33˩˨ 12

The entering tones in the Sanming dialect do not have any entering tone coda (入聲韻尾) such as/-ʔ/,/-p̚/,/-t̚/ and/-k̚/. This feature is quite different from many other Chinese dialects.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.[1][2][3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone",Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies,30:86–110,doi:10.2307/2718766,JSTOR 2718766
  2. ^Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984),Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3,ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
  3. ^Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert;Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10)."Glottolog 4.8 - Min".Glottolog.Leipzig:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962.Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved2023-10-13.
  • Compilation Commission of Chorography of Sanming City 福建省三明市地方志编纂委员会 (2002).San ming shi zhi三明市志 ["Chorography of Sanming City"]. Vol. 53. Beijing: Fangzhi chubanshe 方志出版社 ["Chorography Press"].ISBN 978-7-80122-619-8.
  • 吳, 瑞文 (Rui-Wen Wu) (2013).On the Grammatical Functions and Grammaticalization of tʰe5 in the Sanming Dialect [論三明方言tʰe5的語法功能及其語法化]. Language and Linguistics [語言暨語言學].
Languages
Eastern Min
Houguan
Funing
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A map showing the geographical distribution of the primary varieties of Min Chinese.
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