City in Andalucía, Spain known for cuisine, history, and tourism
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Sanlúcar has been inhabited since ancient times, and is assumed to have belonged to the realm of theTartessian civilization. The town of San Lucar was granted to the Spanish noblemanAlonso Pérez de Guzmán in 1297.
Its strategic location made the city a starting point for the exploration, colonization and evangelization of America between the 15th and 17th centuries. Sanlúcar lost much of its strategic value after 1645 because of the disgrace of theHouse of Medina Sidonia, the general decline of Spain under Charles II, the relocation of theCasa de Contratación to the town ofCadiz in 1717, and the Lisbon earthquake of 1755.
In the 19th century the economy of the city was converted to viticulture and summer tourism. The 20th century brought destruction and political upheaval as it did elsewhere in Spain during theSpanish Civil War. Sanlúcar was declared a Cultural Historical-artistic site in 1973. Since the restoration of democracy (1975–1982) its town council has borrowed heavily, making Sanlúcar the city with the lowest per capita income in Spain.
Sanlúcar is a summer tourist destination famous for its cuisine, especiallymanzanilla (a variety of fino sherry) and prawns. It is internationally renowned for beach horse racing and flamenco music. Less well known but equally important are the historical archives of theHouse of Medina Sidonia(Archivo de la Casa de Medina Sidonia); the major part of the patrimony of the House of Medina Sidonia is located in the palace of the same name. The patron saint of the city isOur Lady of Charity, to whom it was dedicated in 1917.
Concerning the etymology of both names, there is no consensus among scholars, but several hypotheses have been advanced:
Sanlúcar's name may have derived from the Arab šurūq (Arabic: شروق), the Arabic name for theLevant wind calledsirocco orjaloque.[2][3]
According to the National Statistics Institute of Spain, the Sanlúcar toponym does not exist. However, there is historical mention of Brother Alfonso Sanlúcar de Barrameda, a Franciscan who was bishop of the Canaries-Rubicon in the period 1404–1417, and Fray Juan de Sanlúcar, a Franciscan who served in the same office from 1470–1474.[4] As for the nameBarrameda, it is unique to people born in theCanary Islands, according to census data from 1 January 2006. The historical relations between the House of Medina Sidonia, Sanlúcar, and the Canaries may explain the presence of these surnames in the Canaries.Barrameda was derived frombar-am-ma'ida, an Arabic phrase for "water well of the plateau".[5]
Sanlúcar de Barrameda is located on the Atlantic coast of the autonomous community of Andalusia, in the province of Cadiz, specifically on the left side of the mouth of the Guadalquivir River, which separates the provinces ofHuelva andSeville. The municipality covers an area of 174.3 km2 with 6 km of beaches.
The city is part of the tourist area known as theCosta de la Luz (Coast of the Light), about 44 km from the provincial capital of Cádiz. This includes the marshes of the Pinar de la Bonanza Algaida and themarshes of the Guadalquivir, part of theDoñana Natural Park.
Nao Victoria, Magellan's boat Replica in Punta Arenas
In 1264, after Sanlúcar de Barrameda was seized from the Moors byKing Alfonso X of Castile, it was reconstituted as the capital of theSeñorío de Sanlúcar, and became during the 15th and 16th centuries one of the most important ports for trade connecting theAtlantic coast with theMediterranean.
After the discovery of theNew World, Sanlúcar developed as a port for refitting ships, and was the point of departure for various Spanishconquistadors. On 30 May 1498Christopher Columbus left for his third voyage from Sanlúcar (SeeVoyages of Christopher Columbus). Another historical departure was that ofFerdinand Magellan on 10 August 1519, who with a fleet of five ships under his command left Seville and traveled down the Guadalquivir to Sanlúcar de Barrameda at its mouth, where they remained more than five weeks. Sanlúcar also witnessed the arrival in 1522 of the last surviving ship of Magellan's expedition, the 'Nao Victoria commanded byJuan Sebastián Elcano, which was the first ship to circumnavigate the world.
The ill-fated expedition to Florida led byPánfilo de Narváez left from Sanlúcar on 17 June 1527. Only four members survived includingÁlvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca who described the expedition in his workNaufragios.
Sanlúcar de Barrameda is one of the three original towns forming the "triangle of xérès", orsherry-producing towns. (The other two areJerez de la Frontera, for which sherry is named, andEl Puerto de Santa María.)
Although a seaside town, Sanlúcar de Barrameda is also home to the oldest horse races in Spain and some of the oldest inEurope. The races take place just before sunset along the beach at the mouth of the riverGuadalquivir every August before thousands of spectators. Contested at distances of 1500 m and 1800 m, these were the first regulated horse races in Spain; the riders wear distinctive colours and caps.
Other annual events include the SanlúcarTapas Fair, a local gastronomy competition; the Feria de laManzanilla in late May, which is held at the beginning of theNoches de Bajo de Guía flamenco season; classical and jazz festivals; and the occasional concert by a major act. The city is also known for theRomería de El Rocío pilgrimage, one of the more popular expressions of the Roman Catholic faith; it can be compared to the pilgrimages toSantiago orLourdes.
Sanlúcar has had since ancient times a popular taste for bullfighting and has given the world of bullfighting several well-known bullfighters including Manuel Hermosilla y Llanera,[7]José Martínez Ahumada ("Limeño"),[8] Francisco Ojeda González ("Paco" Ojeda),[9] Julio Vega Rodríguez ("Marismeño"),[10] José Luis Parada,[11] and Manuel Rodríguez Blanco ("El Manguin").[12]
The nearest airports areJerez Airport, located 34 km (21 mi) east,Seville Airport, located 108 km (67 mi) north east andGibraltar Airport, located 133 km (83 mi) south east of the city.
People in Sanlúcar historically worked primarily in agriculture (mainlyviticulture) and fishing (especially for the famous Sanlúcar prawn). These two occupations were naturally concentrated in different parts of the town, and until the modernizing trends of the last few decades, there were marked distinctions between the people living in each area. People living near the sea, in the area known asBajo de Guía, were almost exclusively dedicated to fishing. Now these same people combine fishing with managing restaurants that rely on fresh fish and shellfish for their menus. People living in the higher elevations away from the sea, in a part of the town known as theBarrio Alto, formerly dedicated themselves exclusively to agriculture. However, with the advent of mechanisation this sector requires less manpower throughout the year, and most farm workers now work only seasonally during the grape harvest, in the so-called "sherry triangle".
The centre of Sanlúcar developed as a commercial hub, with a cityscape of intermixed historic buildings (monasteries, churches, etc.) and more modern ones. This part of the city developed at the beginning of the 20th century as the neighbourhood of the bourgeoisie and the aristocracy. Sanlúcar was then a popular beach resort; presently the people living in this area are generally linked to local wine-making interests and the tourist industry.
Because of its position at the mouth of the Guadalquivir, Sanlúcar is a convenient home base for exploring the nearbyDoñana National Park(Parque Nacional de Doñana) and its natural features. Within the park lies theMarisma de Hinojos (Salt Marsh of Fennel Plants); also within its precincts is the possible site of the legendary lost city ofTartessos, the capital of an ancient civilization that predated thePhoenicians inIberia.
^CALVO BAEZA, José María.Nombres de lugar españoles de origen árabe. Colección Pliegos de Encuentro Islamo-Cristiano nº 11. Darek-Nyumba, Madrid. 1990.
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![Santo Domingo church [es]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aSanl%25C3%25BAcar_Bda._Iglesia_de_Santo_Domingo._Portada_comp%25C3%25A1s.JPG)
