Sangley Rebellion
Part of theSpanish colonization of the Philippines
Date 1639–1640 Location Luzon,Philippines Result Spanish repression and massacre ofSangley Chinese
Belligerents
Spanish Empire Spanish Philippines Japanese residents ofSpanish Philippines Jolo allies from theSultanate of Sulu	Sangley Chinese residents ofSpanish Philippines
Commanders and leaders
Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera Martín de Aduna Juan de Arceo Domingo Ruiz Martín de Ocarez	Unknown
Casualties and losses
45 Spanish soldiers 300Tagalog militiamen Unknown number of Japanese residents Unknown number of allies fromJolo	22,000–24,000 killed

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TheSangley Rebellion was an uprising of ruralSangley (Chinese Filipinos) residents in Manila against theCaptaincy General of the Philippines in 1639. It resulted in the massacre of around 17,000-22,000 ethnicChinese people.^[1]

After the firstSangley Rebellion in 1603, conditions for the Chinese residents in Manila returned to some degree of normalcy for a time. However as the ethnic Chinese population continued to prosper, they incurred heavier restrictions from theSpanish colonial regime. Although they were exempt from labour and petty personal dues required of the localTagalogs, the ethnic Chinese residents had to pay a license fee of 8 pesos per year with additional extortion and harassment from sellers. They were also subject to population control in addition to the license fee, with an idealized limit of 6,000, but in reality the Chinese population in 1620s and 1630s ranged from 15,000 to 21,000. The Chinese residents petitioned theking of Spain for self-governance but this was rejected in 1630. As the Chinese population continued to swell, reaching 33,000-45,000 by 1639, they entered other industries such as farming. They were laborers on their own in outlying areas, employed on estates of religious orders, or used as farm labor in forced settlement projects. This large rural Chinese population rebelled again in 1639, resulting in another massacre.^[1]

The rebellion of 1639 occurred in ruralLuzon where most of the rebels came from. It started atCalamba, where several thousand Chinese residents had been coerced to settle and forced to pay substantial rent to the Spanish authorities. It was a very unhealthy place and about 300 of them had already died by the time of the rebellion on November 20. The rebels advanced towards Manila and by November 22, had taken theSan Pedro Macati Church on the eastern outskirts of the city. The Chinatown was only briefly occupied by them. Although well-organized, the rebellion was poorly armed and could not stand up to theSpanish and localTagalog forces, which routed them upon their arrival. However uprisings were reported in other areas as well and from November 26 to December 2, the Chinese residents controlled the north bank of thePasig River (modern-dayBinondo).^[1]

On December 2, the Chinese settlement revolted and started fires. TheSpanish soldiers began firing on the Chinese rebels from the city walls ofManila (modern-dayIntramuros). On December 5, the Spanish authorities ordered the execution of any ethnic Chinese resident that could be found, with a reward for each Chinese head. The Chinese residents were systematically rounded up and killed ten at a time. In total some 17,000 to 22,000 Chinese residents were slaughtered. Some Chinese residents fled to the mountains but were eventually dislodged. Around 6,000-7,000 Chinese rebels held out on the eastern shore ofLaguna de Bay until March 15, 1640, when they were surrounded and forced to surrender.^[2]

• Sino-Spanish conflicts
• Battle of Manila

• Willis, John E. (1998),Relations with the Maritime Europeans, 1514-1662

• 17th-century rebellions
• Chinese diaspora in the Philippines
• Military history of Manila
• History of the Philippines (1565–1898)
• Rebellions in the Philippines
• Massacres committed by Spain
• Massacres in the Philippines
• Philippines–Spain military relations
• Massacres of Chinese people
• 1630s in the Philippines
• 1639 in the Spanish Empire
• Conflicts in 1639