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| Sancho Panza | |
|---|---|
| Don Quixote character | |
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| Created by | Miguel de Cervantes |
| Portrayed by | Irving Jacobson Tony Martinez Bob Hoskins Ernie Sabella James Coco Jacob Batalon Kim Yea-lim |
| In-universe information | |
| Gender | Male |
| Title | Hidalgo |
| Occupation | Peasant /Squire |
| Spouse | Teresa Cascajo de Panza |
| Children | María Sancha Panza Cascajo, Sanchica |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
| Nationality | Spanish |
Sancho Panza (/ˈpænzə/;Spanish:[ˈsantʃoˈpanθa]) is a fictional character in the novelDon Quixote written bySpanish authorMiguel de Cervantes Saavedra in 1605. Sancho acts assquire to Don Quixote and provides comments throughout the novel, known assanchismos, that are a combination of broad humour, ironicSpanish proverbs, and earthy wit. "Panza" in Spanish means "belly" (cf. English "paunch," Italian "pancia", several Italian dialects "panza", Portuguese and Galician "pança", French "panse", Romanian "pântec", Catalan "panxa").
Before a fit of madness turnedAlonso Quijano into Don Quixote, Sancho Panza was indeed his servant. When the novel begins, Sancho has been married for a long time to a woman named Teresa Cascajo[1] and has a daughter, María Sancha (also named Marisancha, Marica, María, Sancha, and Sanchica), who is said to be old enough to be married. Sancho's wife is described more or less as a feminine version of Sancho, both in looks and behaviour. When Don Quixote proposes Sancho to be his squire, neither he nor his family strongly oppose it.
Sancho is illiterate and proud of it but by influence of his new master, he develops considerable knowledge about some books.Sancho provides the earthy wisdom of Spanish proverbs, surprising his master. During the travels with Don Quixote, he keeps contact with his wife by dictating letters addressed to her.
Sancho Panza offers interpolated narrative voice throughout the tale, a literary convention invented by Cervantes. Sancho Panza is precursor to "thesidekick," and is symbolic of practicality over idealism. Sancho is theeveryman, who, though not sharing his master's delusional "enchantment" until late in the novel, remains his ever-faithful companion realist, and functions as the clever sidekick.Salvador de Madariaga detected that, as the book progresses, there is a "Quixotization" of Sancho and a "Sanchification" of Don Quixote, so much that, when the knight recovers sanity on his deathbed, it is Sancho who tries to convince him to becomepastoral shepherds.[citation needed]
In the novel, Don Quixote comments on the historical state and condition ofAragón andCastilla, which are vying for power in Europe. Sancho Panza represents, among other things, the quintessentially Spanish brand of skepticism of the period.
Sancho obediently follows his master, despite being sometimes puzzled by Quixote's actions. Riding a donkey, he helps Quixote get out of various conflicts while looking forward to rewards ofaventura that Quixote tells him of.
Cervantes variously names Sancho in the first book Sancho Zancas (legs); however, in the second book, he standardizes Sancho's name in reply to the"false" Avellaneda Quixote sequel. At one point, Sancho alludes to the "false" Avellaneda book by addressing his wife (standardized as Teresa Panza) using the wrong name. The Sancho name does not change, but he calls his wife various names throughout the first part of the volume, and her 'true' name is not revealed until almost the end of that portion of the novel.
Don Quixote promises Sancho the governance of anínsula, orisland. However, Sancho has never heard of this word before and does not know its meaning. Sancho has long been expecting some vague but concrete reward for this adventure and believes the word to signify the prize that will make the trouble he has been enduring worthwhile.
The two later encounter a duke and duchess who pretend to make Sancho governor of a fictionalfief,la ínsula Barataria (roughly "Isle Come-cheaply"; seeCockaigne). He eagerly accepts and leaves his master. In a letter, Don Quixote gives Sancho provincial advice ongovernorship gleaned from the romances he has read, thought to have been inspired by theDiálogo de Mercurio y Carón attributed toAlfonso de Valdés (c. 1490-1532). Cervantes may intend Quixote's simplistic and romantic understanding of government as anallegory[2]satirizing the lack of practical learning on the part of philosopher-doctors placed in positions of power.[citation needed] One view sees the advice as a "serio-comic twist on Machiavelli's advice for nonhereditary rulers who newly acquire kingdoms".[3]
The Duke's servants are instructed to play several pranks upon Sancho. Surprisingly, Sancho is able to rule justly (mostly), applying common (if occasionally inconsistent) sense and practical wisdom in spite of - or because of - the simplistic advice that Don Quixote has read about. As Sancho is abused in these stagedparodies, he learns how difficult it is to rule, and "resigns" to rejoin Don Quixote and to continue the adventure.
Sancho encountersRicote ("fat cat"), his formerMorisco neighbor, who has buried a small fortune. Ricote, like all Moriscos, was expelled from Spain and has returned in disguise to retrieve the treasure he left behind. He asks Sancho for his help. Sancho, while sympathetic, refuses to betray his king.
When Don Quixote takes to his deathbed, Sancho tries to cheer him. Sancho idealistically proposes they becomepastoral shepherds and thus becomes 'Quixotized'.
In addition to stage and screen adaptations of the novel itself, Sancho Panza is a major character in theplay within a play in the Broadway musicalMan of La Mancha, and in the film of the same name. InMan of La Mancha, the newly imprisoned Cervantes recruits his fellow prisoners to portray characters from his novel, with Cervantes himself playing Don Quixote and his manservant playing Sancho. Sancho sings the title song as a duet with Quixote, solos "The Missive", "I Like Him", and "A Little Gossip", plus ensemble numbers "Golden Helmet of Mambrino" and "The Dubbing". Actors who have played Sancho in the play includeIrving Jacobson (who also sang on the original cast album),Tony Martinez (1977 and 1992 revivals), andErnie Sabella (2002 revival).James Coco played the character in the1972film.
Sancho Panza of Boston was an 1855medium clipper ship of 876 tons, built inMedford, MA by Samuel Lapham, and owned by John E. Lodge & Co. The ship was renamedNimrod in 1863, upon sale to British owners, resold to German owners, and re-rigged as abark.Sancho Panza was bound for Liverpool, having leftPictou, N.S. on Oct. 31, 1890, but was not heard from again.[4]
Don Quixote can be understood as irrational, possibly insane, or rational, possibly allegorical, but most likely both.
[...] island of Barataria as a 'serio-comic twist on Machiavelli's advice for nonhereditary rulers who newly acquire kingdoms [...].
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