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| Samvatsari | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Official name | Samvatsari Pajushan |
| Also called | Forgiveness Day |
| Observed by | Śvetāmbara sect ofJains worldwide |
| Liturgical color | White |
| Type | Jain |
| Significance | Last day ofParyushan festival, on which Jains forgive and seek forgiveness from all living beings |
| Celebrations | 1 day |
| Observances | Micchami Dukkadam (Asking for forgiveness),Pratikramana (Introspection) |
| Date | Bhadrapada Shukla Panchami |
| Frequency | Annual |
| Related to | Paryushan,Kshamavani |
| Part ofa series on |
| Jainism |
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Ethics Ethics of Jainism
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Saṃvatsari (Sanskrit:संवत्सरी) (lit. Annual Day or fig. Forgiveness Day) is the last day ofParyushana according to theŚvetāmbara sect ofJainism. It falls onShuklaChoth each year in theJain calendar month ofBhadrapada, somewhere between the middle of August and September in theGregorian calendar.
On this day, Jains forgive and seekforgiveness for their mistakes committed, knowingly or unknowingly, on all the living beings. A yearly, elaborate penitential retreat called "samvatsaripratikramana" is performed on this day. After thepratikramana, Jains seek forgiveness from all the creatures of the world, including friends and relatives by uttering the phrase —Micchami Dukkadam or its variants like "Khamau Sa", "Uttam Kshama" or "Khamat Khamna".
Samvatsari is derived Sanskrit language.Samvatsara refers to a "year" in Vedic literature such as theRigveda and other ancient texts.[1] Thus, Samvatsari literally refers to a day that comes annually.
As a matter of ritual, they personally greet their friends and relativesMicchami Dukkadam. No private quarrel or dispute may be carried beyond Saṃvatsarī and messages, telephone calls are made to the outstation friends and relatives, asking their forgiveness.[2]
Being the holiest day of theJain calendar,[3][4] many Jains observe a complete fast on this day.
WhileSamvatsari andKshamavani are typically associated withŚvetāmbara sect andDigambara respectively, there is no major difference between the two days and both are observed as Forgiveness Days. Rather, the two are usually used interchangeably.
However, a major difference between the two is that despite bothSamvatsari andKshamavani falling on the last day ofParyushan, they are in fact two different days. This is because theParyushan festival for the two sects itself commences on different dates and is of varying duration.
As a result, while Samvatsari is observed on Shukla Chaturthi of Bhadrapada month by theŚvetāmbaras, theDigambaras celebrate it on the first day ofAshvin Krishna month of the lunar-basedJain calendar.
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