 Samudra Raksa viewed from the front | |
| History | |
|---|---|
| Name | Samudra Raksa,Samudraraksa,Lallai Beke Ellau |
| Launched | 2003 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Replica ship |
| Length | 19 metres (62.34 ft) |
| Beam | 4.25 metres (13.94 ft) |
| Draft | 1.5 metres (4.92 ft) |
| Propulsion | Sails, paddles, and 2 × Dongjiong 22koutboard motor (22 PS (21.70 hp) each)[1][2] |
| Sail plan | Tanja sail. 3 sails on 2 vertical masts and 1bowsprit. |
| Speed | 9 knots (16.67 km/h)[3] |
| Notes | The engines are only used for maneuvering in the port[1] |
Samudra Raksa (Old Javanese: Defender of the seas)[4] is a replica ship built in 2003 based on therelief of ships in theBorobudur temple. In the late 20th century,Philip Beale, aBritish sailor, became interested in depictions of the ship at Borobudur and decided to reconstruct one. Aided by government and international bodies, he organized an expedition team that constructed the ship and, from 2003 to 2004, sailed it from Indonesia toMadagascar and toGhana, proving that long-distance trade could have occurred. TheSamudra Raksa Museum was constructed at Borobudur Archeological Park to house the ship, opening in 2005, and provides other displays to interpret theancient maritime history of Indonesians.
The keel is 17.29 m long and the hull is about 19 m overall with a beam of 4.25 m and moulded depth of 2.25 m. The sailing draft was approximately 1.5 m. The ship was propelled by twolayar tanja (canted rectangular sails). The hull planking wasbungor (sometimes called‘benteak’) and decks wereteak.[5] The ship was not constructed withtall shields on the bow and stern like the reliefs because they obstructed the view to an extent that contravened Regulations for the Prevention of Collision at Sea.[6]
The ship was namedLallai Beke Ellau (Bajo for "running with the sun") by its builder.[7] The ship has 2 motors that are attached to the sides, their function is to maneuver when the boat is about to depart or when the boat is out of wind.[2]
Based on archeological and other evidence, scholars have learned that thebas reliefs of Borobudur depict the everyday life of 8th-century ancient Java, from courtly palace life to that of commoners in the village. An array of temple, marketplace, architecture, flora and fauna, dress, jewelry and fashion are portrayed, as well as modes of transportation includingpalanquins, horse carriages and ships.
In 1982, Philip Beale, aBritish sailor who previously served in the BritishRoyal Navy, visited Borobudur to study traditional ships and marine traditions; he became fascinated with ten bas-relief images of ancient vessels depicted on Borobudur.[8] He planned to reconstruct this ancient ship and to reenact the ancient maritime trade route.[9] Working from very limited data—five stone carvings—but also his extensive naval experience, Beale organized an expedition team to reconstruct the ship and sail it fromJakarta in Indonesia toMadagascar, and then around theCape of Good Hope to the west coast of Africa. He enlisted artisan experts and scholars in the effort.
Extensive research and design work preceded the building of the ship by a team of experienced Indonesian ship builders, based in theKangean Islands some 60 miles north ofBali. Nick Burningham, an acknowledged expert on Indonesian watercraft and maritimearchaeology, supervised the building of the vessel. The ship was built by Assad Abdullah al-Madani, a seasoned Indonesian traditional ship builder, and his men,[10] with little more than a balsa wood model that Burningham had created to help him. The vessel is namedSamudra Raksa (defender of the seas) and was inaugurated in Benoa Harbor,Bali on 15 July 2003 by the Minister for Tourism and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, I Gede Ardika, together with Philippe Delanghe,UNESCO Office Jakarta Program Specialist for Culture.
The expedition took place during the 6 months from August 2003 until February 2004. It started inTanjung Priok harbour, Jakarta on 30 August 2003, launched by PresidentMegawati Sukarnoputri, and arrived in the port of Tema,Accra,Ghana on 23 February 2004. The epic voyage demonstrated ancient trading links between Indonesia and Africa (in particular Madagascar and East Africa). Vessels traveled by what was historically called the "Cinnamon shipping route" from Indonesian waters across the Indian Ocean to theSeychelles,Madagascar, and then pastSouth Africa to Ghana for trade.[11]
Today theSamudra Raksa is housed and displayed inSamudra Raksa Museum, located a few hundred meters north ofBorobudur temple within the complex of Borobudur Archaeological Park. The Ship Museum Samudra Raksa was opened by Coordinating Minister for Welfare, Prof. Dr. Alwi Shihab of the Republic of Indonesia, on 31 August 2005. It was a tribute to the crew and all who worked with and supported the Borobudur Ship Expedition.
In 2005, two stamps was released in commemoration of the expedition:
