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Sammarinese Fascist Party Partito Fascista Sammarinese | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leader | Giuliano Gozi |
| Founded | 10 August 1922 |
| Dissolved | 16 November 1944 |
| Headquarters | City of San Marino |
| Newspaper | Il Popolo Sammarinese |
| Ideology | Italian fascism Corporatism |
| Political position | Far-right |
| National affiliation | Patriotic Bloc (1923–1926) |
| Italian counterpart | National Fascist Party |
TheSammarinese Fascist Party (Italian:Partito Fascista Sammarinese) orPFS was afascist political party that ruledSan Marino from 1923 to 1943.[1]
The party was founded on 10 August 1922 and led byGiuliano Gozi, a SammarineseWorld War I veteran who volunteered in theRoyal Italian Army. The Sammarinese party was modelled directly on theNational Fascist Party of the surroundingKingdom of Italy. Gozi came from a distinguished family and held the posts ofSecretary for Foreign Affairs (in San Marino, the foreign secretary leads the cabinet) and Secretary for the Interior; these two offices gave him control of themilitary andpolice. From the beginning, the party used violence and intimidation against opponents such as theSocialists. Its party newspaper was theIl Popolo Sammarinese, modelled after theIl Popolo d'Italia. In terms of policy and ideology, the party was not innovative and stuck closely toItalian fascism. They pursued industrialization which turned a country of mostly farmers into one of factory workers.
In April 1923, Gozi was elected as the first fascistCaptain Regent. After the October elections, both Captains Regent were fascists and remained so in subsequent elections for the next two decades as all other political parties were banned in 1926, effectively making San Marino aone-party state. However, independent politicians continued to form a majority in theGrand and General Council until 1932. In addition, the party was split between Gozi's faction andEzio Balducci's faction, forcing them to look to the Italian party for guidance and mediation.
In 1932, Balducci's faction started a rival newspaper,La Voce del Titano. The next year he was accused of plotting a coup and arrested by Italian authorities after fleeing toRome. Balducci and other alleged conspirators werepurged from the party and tried and sentenced tohard labour in 1934 by a special court, but the punishment was never carried out.
In 1942, four years after Italy had enacted theItalian racial laws, Gozi issued Sammarinese racial law n.33, which prohibited interracial marriage, including between Jews and non-Jewish Sammarinese.[2] By the end of 1942 Gozi ordered that allJews of San Marino should be deported and jailed.[2]
| Election | Party leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1923 | Giuliano Gozi | 1,437 | 100% as part ofthe Bloc | 29 / 60 |  29 | 1st |
| 1926 | 2,444 | 100% | 60 / 60 | 31 |  1st | |
| 1932 | 2,573 | 100% | 60 / 60 | | 1st | |
| 1938 | 2,916 | 100% | 64 / 64 | 4 | 1st |
Media related toPartito Fascista Sammarinese at Wikimedia Commons| International | |
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