| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 8,066,060 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| 1,410,659[1] – 2,619,946 (2023ACS)[2] | |
| 51,776[1] | |
| 20,683[1] | |
| 16,807[1] | |
| 16,682[1] | |
| 16,672[1] | |
| 12,408[1] | |
| 12,310[1] | |
| 10,016[1] | |
| 9,071[1] | |
| 4,147[1] | |
| 3,421[1] | |
| 2,557[1] | |
| 1,475[1] | |
| 1,284[1] | |
| 1,271[1] | |
| 1,081[1] | |
| 970[1] | |
| 956[1] | |
| 782[1] | |
| 754[1] | |
| 544[1] | |
| 498[1] | |
| 289[1] | |
| 278[1] | |
| 225[1] | |
| 212[1] | |
| 203[1] | |
| 140[1] | |
| 133[1] | |
| Languages | |
| Religion | |
| Predominantly Christian:Roman Catholicism,Protestantism[3] | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
Salvadorans (Spanish:Salvadoreños), also known asSalvadorians orSalvadoreans, are citizens ofEl Salvador, a country inCentral America. Most Salvadorans live in El Salvador, although there is also a significant Salvadorandiaspora, particularlyin the United States, with smaller communities in other countries around the world.[4]
El Salvador's population was 6,218,000 in 2010, compared to 2,200,000 in 1950.[5] In 2010, the percentage of the population below the age of 15 was 32.1%, 61% were between 15 and 65 years of age, while 6.9% were 65 years or older.[5]
Although not the academic standard,Salvadorian andSalvadorean are widely-used English demonyms used by those living in the United States and other English-speaking countries. All three versions of the word can be seen in most Salvadoran business signs in the United States and elsewhere in the world.
Centroamericano/a in Spanish and in EnglishCentral American is an alternative standard and widespread cultural identity term that Salvadorans use to identify themselves, along with their regional isthmian neighbors. It is a secondary demonym and it is widely used as an interchangeable term for El Salvador and Salvadorans. The demonym Central American is an allusion to the strong union that the Central America region has had since its independence. The term Central America is not only a regional cultural identity, but also a political identity, since the region has been united on various occasions as a single country such as theUnited Provinces of Central America,Federal Republic of Central America,National Representation of Central America, andGreater Republic of Central America. The same can be said for El Salvador's neighbors, specifically the original five states ofCentral America.
El Salvador was inhabited byPaleo-Indians, thefirst peoples who subsequently inhabited, theAmericas during theglacial episodes of thelate Pleistocene period. Their paintings (the earliest of which date from 8000 BC) can still be seen in caves outside the towns ofCorinto andCacaopera, both in Morazán. Originating in thePaleolithic period, these cave paintings exhibit the earliest traces of human life in El Salvador; these early Native Americans people used the cave as a refuge, Paleoindian artists created cave and rock paintings that are located in present-day El Salvador.
TheLencas later occupied the caves and utilized them as spiritual spaces. Other ancient petroglyphs are located inSan José Villanueva, La Libertad andSan Isidro, Cabañas. The rock petroglyphs in San Jose Villanueva near a cave in Walter Thilo Deininger National Park are similar to other ancient rock petroglyph around the country. Regarding the style of the engravings, it has been compared with the petroglyphs of La Peña Herrada (Cuscatlán), el Letrero del Diablo (La Libertad) and la Peña de los Fierros (San Salvador). Other cave locations include the cave of Los Fierros and La Cuevona, both in Cuscatlán.
Native Americans appeared in thePleistocene era and became the dominant people in theLithic stage, developing in theArchaic period in North America to theFormative stage, occupying this phase for thousands of years until European contact at the end of 16th century, spanning from the time of the arrival to theUpper Paleolithic era toEuropean colonization of the Americas during the early modern period.

Historically El Salvador has had diverse Native American cultures, coming from the north and south of the continent along with local populations mixed together. El Salvador belongs to theMesoamerican region, where a myriad of indigenous societies have lived side by side for centuries with their unique cultures and speaking differentindigenous languages of the Americas in the beginning of theFormative stage.[6][7][8]
Evidence ofOlmec civilization presence in western El Salvador can be found in the ruin sites ofChalchuapa in theAhuachapan Department on boulders in Chalchuapa portraying Olmec warriors with helmets identical to those found on theOlmec colossal heads. This suggest that the area was once an Olmec enclave, before fading away for unknown reasons. The Olmecs are believed to have lived in present-day El Salvador as early as 2000 BC in the beginning of preclassic period. The 'Olmec Boulder, ' is a sculpture of a giant head found nearCasa Blanca, El Salvador site in Las Victorias near Chalchuapa. "Olmecoid" figurines, such as thePotbelly sculpture, have been found through this area, in fact most are described as looking primeval proto-Olmeca. In the end of middle preclassic, by 650 BC, this culture would be replaced by the Maya.[6][7][8]
TheLenca people are an indigenous people of eastern El Salvador where population today is estimated at about 37,000. The Lenca was a matriarchal society and was one of thefirst civilizations to develop in El Salvador and were the first major civilization in the country. The pre-ConquestSalvadoran Lenca had frequent contact with various Maya groups as well as other indigenous peoples of Central America. The origin of Lenca populations has been a source of ongoing debate amongst anthropologists and historians. Throughout the regions of Lenca occupation, Lenca pottery is a very distinguishable form ofPre-Columbian art. Handcrafted by Lenca women, Lenca pottery is considered an ethnic marking of their culture. Some scholars have suggested that the Lenca migrated to the Central American region from South America around 3,000 years ago, making it the oldest civilization in El Salvador. Guancasco is the annual ceremony by which Lenca communities, usually two, gather to establish reciprocal obligations in order to confirm peace and friendship.Quelepa is a major site in eastern El Salvador. Its pottery shows strong similarities to ceramics found in central western El Salvador and the Maya highlands. The Lenca sites of Yarumela, Los Naranjos in Honduras, and Quelepa in El Salvador, all contain evidence of theUsulután-style ceramics.
TheCacaopera people are an indigenous people in El Salvador who are also known as the Matagalpa or Ulua. Cacaopera people spoke theCacaopera language, aMisumalpan language. Cacaopera is an extinct language belonging to the Misumalpan family, formerly spoken in the department of Morazán in El Salvador. It was closely related to Matagalpa, and slightly more distantly to Sumo, but was geographically separated from otherMisumalpan languages.
TheXinca people, also known as the Xinka, are a non-Mayan indigenous people of Mesoamerica, with communities in the western part of El Salvador near its border. The Xinka may have been among the earliest inhabitants of western El Salvador, predating the arrival of the Maya and the Pipil. The Xinca ethnic group became extinct in the Mestizo process.
El Salvador has twoMaya groups, thePoqomam people and theCh'orti' people. The Poqomam are a Maya people in western El Salvador near its border. Their indigenous language is also called Poqomam. The Ch'orti' people (alternatively, Ch'orti' Maya or Chorti) are one of the indigenous Maya peoples, who primarily reside in communities and towns of northern El Salvador. The Maya once dominated the entire western portion of El Salvador, up until the eruption of thelake ilopango super volcano. Mayan ruins are the most widely conserved in El Salvador and artifacts such asMaya ceramicsMesoamerican writing systemsMesoamerican calendars andMesoamerican ballgame can be found in all Maya ruins in El Salvador which includeTazumal,San Andrés, El Salvador,Casa Blanca, El Salvador,Cihuatán, andJoya de Cerén.
The Mangue people, also known as Chorotega, spoke theMangue language, a now-extinctOto-Manguean language. They occupied land near the eastern El Salvador border, near the gulf.
ThePipil people are an indigenous people who live in western El Salvador. Their language is called Nahuat or Pipil, related to the Toltec people of theNahua peoples and were speakers of early Nahuatl languages. However, in general, their mythology is more closely related to theMaya mythology, who are their near neighbors and by oral tradition said to have been adopted by Ch'orti' and Poqomam Mayan people during the Pipil exodus in the 9th century CE. The culture lasted until the Spanish conquest, at which time they still maintained their Nawat language, despite being surrounded by the Maya in western El Salvador. By the time the Spanish arrived, Pipil and Poqomam Maya settlements were interspersed throughout western El Salvador. The Pipil are known as the last indigenous civilization to arrive in El Salvador, being the least oldest and were a determined people who stoutly resisted Spanish efforts to extend their dominion southward. The Pipil are direct descendants of the Toltecs, but not of the Aztecs.

By 1521, the indigenous population of the Mesoamerican area had been drastically reduced by thesmallpox epidemic that was spreading throughout the territory, although it had not yet reached pandemic levels in Cuzcatlán or the northern portion Managuara.[9][10][11] The first known visit by Spaniards to what is now Salvadoran territory was made by the admiralAndrés Niño, who led an expedition to Central America. He disembarked in theGulf of Fonseca on 31 May 1522, atMeanguera island, naming it Petronila,[12] and then traversed toJiquilisco Bay on the mouth ofLempa River. The first indigenous people to have contact with the Spanish were the Lenca of eastern El Salvador.
El Salvador has the largest population density inLatin America, and is the third most populated country inCentral America afterHonduras andGuatemala, from the 2005 census, the population exceeds 6 million. The total impact of civil wars, dictatorships and socioeconomics drove over a million Salvadorans (both as immigrants and refugees) into theUnited States;Guatemala is the second country that hosts more Salvadorans behind theUnited States, approximately 110,000 Salvadorans according to the national census of 2010.[13] in addition small Salvadoran communities sprung up inCanada,Australia,Belize,Panama,Costa Rica,Italy, andSweden since the migration trend began in the early 1970s.[14]
The 2010 U.S. Census counted 1,648,968 Salvadorans in the United States, up from 655,165 in 2000.[15] By 2017, the figure had risen to over 2.3 million.[16] According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2015 American Community Survey,[17] the topMetropolitan statistical areas for the Salvadoran community are:
| Rank | Metropolitan statistical area | Salvadorans - Estimated |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA MSA | 447,788 |
| 2 | Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA | 288,262 |
| 3 | New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA MSA | 236,892 |
| 4 | Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX MSA | 169,935 |
| 5 | San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley, CA MSA | 85,589 |
| 6 | Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA | 75,536 |
| 7 | Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA | 54,617 |
| 8 | Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH MSA | 44,995 |
| 9 | Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL MSA | 38,026 |
| 10 | Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV MSA | 32,070 |
| 11 | Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Alpharetta, GA MSA | 27,888 |
| 12 | Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD MSA | 23,464 |
| 13 | Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC MSA | 18,822 |
| 14 | San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA MSA | 15,314 |
| 15 | Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI MSA | 13,920 |
Salvadoran-American diaspora over time:
| Total population (x 1000) | Proportion aged 0–14 (%) | Proportion aged 15–64 (%) | Proportion aged 65+ (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 2 200 | 42.7 | 53.3 | 4.0 |
| 1955 | 2 433 | 43.6 | 52.6 | 3.8 |
| 1960 | 2 773 | 45.1 | 51.1 | 3.7 |
| 1965 | 3 244 | 46.3 | 50.1 | 3.7 |
| 1970 | 3 736 | 46.4 | 49.9 | 3.6 |
| 1975 | 4 232 | 45.8 | 50.5 | 3.7 |
| 1980 | 4 661 | 45.2 | 50.9 | 3.9 |
| 1985 | 5 004 | 44.1 | 51.8 | 4.2 |
| 1990 | 5 344 | 41.7 | 53.7 | 4.6 |
| 1995 | 5 748 | 39.6 | 55.5 | 4.9 |
| 2000 | 5 959 | 38.3 | 56.2 | 5.5 |
| 2005 | 6 073 | 35.7 | 58.1 | 6.2 |
| 2010 | 6 218 | 32.1 | 61.0 | 6.9 |


As is the case elsewhere inLatin America, there is no clear distinction between White and Mestizo Salvadorans, the large majority of the population have varying proportions ofSpanish andNative American ancestry. In addition, many Salvadorans have more recent ancestry fromFrench,German,Swiss,English,Irish, andItalian descent. A majority ofCentral European settlers in El Salvador arrived during World War II as refugees from theCzech Republic,Germany,Hungary,Poland, andSwitzerland. In northern departments like theChalatenango Department, it is well known that residents in the area are of pure Spanish descent. The governor of San Salvador,Francisco Luis Héctor de Carondelet, ordered families from northern Spain (Galicia andAsturias) to settle the area to compensate for the lack of indigenous people to work the land; it is not uncommon to see people with blond hair, fair skin, and blue or green eyes in municipalities likeDulce Nombre de María,La Palma, andEl Pital. However, the majority of Salvadorans of full Spanish descent possess Mediterranean racial features: olive skin and dark hair and eyes (black or dark brown) and identify with themestizo majority, As for the mestizo / castizo population, it dates back to the time of the discovery of America, Because there were no Spanish women, the Spaniards maintained relationships with Amerindian women, before the discovery, El Salvador was the second Central American country with the least indigenous population, and due to the hostility of the Spanish and added to the diseases brought by them, the population was greatly reduced and precipitously, the Amerindian men were more affected than the Amerindian women, in the first years of the colony, 50% of the population Salvadoran was Mestizo and White, in 1805, 78% of the inhabitants of El Salvador were Mestizo and White.[18][19][20][21]
Later, in the post-colonial era, the country received several groups of European immigrants, mainly from Spain and Italy, mainly between 1880 and 1930, when several Europeans emigrated to the country, immigration had a great demographic impact, the population of El Salvador went from 480 thousand to 1.2 million inhabitants[22][23][24][25]

There is a significant with at least partial Arab descent (of about 200,000);[26] mostly fromPalestine (especially from the area ofBethlehem), but also from Lebanon.Salvadorans of Palestinian descent numbered around 150,000 individuals, while Salvadorans ofLebanese descent is around 30,000.[27] There is also a small community ofJews who came to El Salvador from France, Germany,Morocco,Tunisia, andTurkey.
Arab immigration in El Salvador began at the end of the 19th century in the wake of the repressive policies applied by theOttoman Empire againstMaronite Catholics. Several of the destinations that the Lebanese chose at that time were in countries of the Americas, including El Salvador. This resulted in the Arab diaspora residents being characterized by forging in devoutly Christian families and very attached to their beliefs, because in these countries they can exercise their faith without fear of persecution, which resulted in the rise of Lebanese-Salvadoran, Syrian-Salvadoran and Palestinian-Salvadoran communities in El Salvador.[28]
Currently, thePalestinian community forms the largest Arab diaspora population in El Salvador, with 150,000 direct descendants, followed by theLebanese community with more than 30,000 direct descendants. Both are almost entirely composed ofCatholic andOrthodox Christians.[29]
Inter-ethnic marriage in the Lebanese community with Salvadorans, regardless of religious affiliation, is very high; most have only one father with Lebanese nationality and mother of Salvadoran nationality. As a result, some of them speak Arabic fluently. But most, especially among younger generations, speak Spanish as a first language and Arabic as a second.[30]
Arab-Salvadoreans and their descendants have traditionally played an outsized role in El Salvador's economic and political life, with many becoming business leaders and noteworthy political figures.


According to the Salvadoran Government, about 1.1% of the population are of full or predominantly indigenous origin. Currently the only native groups of El Salvador are the Pipil people, Lenca people and Cacaopera people; before the Spanish Conquest, the territory also hosted small enclaves ofMaya peoples: thePogomam/Chorti, theXinca, and theMengue. ThePipil are located in the west and central part of the country; theLenca are found east of theLempa River; and there are small populations ofCacaopera people in theMorazán Department.[31][7][8]
The official number of indigenous people in El Salvador has been criticized by indigenous organizations and academics as too small and many accuse the government of denying the existence of indigenous Salvadorans in the country.[32] According to the National Salvadoran Indigenous Coordination Council (CCNIS) and CONCULTURA (National Council for Art and Culture at the Ministry of Education), approximately 70,000 or 1 per cent of Salvadorian peoples are indigenous.[33] Nonetheless, very few Amerindians have retained their customs and traditions, having over time assimilated into the dominant Mestizo/Spanish culture. The low numbers of indigenous people may be partly explained by historically high rates of old-world diseases, absorption into the mestizo population, as well as mass murder during the1932 Salvadoran peasant uprising (orLa Matanza). This massacre saw (estimates of) up to 30,000peasants killed in a short period of time. Many authors note that sinceLa Matanza the indigenous in El Salvador have been very reluctant to describe themselves as such (in census declarations for example) or to wear indigenous dress or be seen to be taking part in any cultural activities or customs that might be understood as indigenous.[34] Departments and cities in the country with notable indigenous populations includeSonsonate (especiallyIzalco,Nahuizalco, andSanto Domingo de Guzmán),Cacaopera, andPanchimalco, in theSan Salvador Department.[33]
In the 2007 census, 0.7% of the population was considered as "other".[35]There are up to 100,000Nicaraguans living in El Salvador.[36]
Spanish is the language spoken by virtually all inhabitants.Spanish (official),Salvadoran Sign Language,Pipil (Nawat),Kekchí. Immigrant languages includeChinese,Arabic,Poqomam, andAmerican Sign Language.[37]
| Religion | Percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Roman Catholic | 47% | |||
| Protestant–Evangelical | 33% | |||
| None | 17% | |||
| Other | 3% | |||

There is diversity of religious beliefs in El Salvador. The majority of the population isChristian.[39]Roman Catholics (47%) andEvangelicals (33%) are the two major denominations in the country.[3] Those not affiliated with any religious group amount to 17% of the population.[3] The remainder of the population (3%) is made up ofJehovah's Witnesses,Hare Krishnas,Muslims,Jews,Buddhists,Latter-day Saints, and those adhering to indigenous religious beliefs.[3]
Theculture of El Salvador is aCentral American culture nation influenced by the clash of ancientMesoamerica and medievalIberian Peninsula.Salvadoran culture is influenced byNative American culture (Lenca people,Cacaopera people,Maya peoples,Pipil people) as well asLatin American culture (Latin America,Hispanic America,Ibero-America).Mestizo culture and theCatholic Church dominates the country. Although theRomance language,CastilianSpanish, is the official and dominant language spoken in El Salvador,Salvadoran Spanish which is part ofCentral American Spanish has influences ofNative American languages of El Salvador such asLencan languages,Cacaopera language,Mayan languages andPipil language, which are still spoken in some regions of El Salvador
Mestizo culture dominates the country, heavy in both Native American Indigenous and European Spanish influences. A new composite population was formed as a result of intermarrying between the nativeMesoamerican population of Cuzcatlan with the European settlers. TheCatholic Church plays an important role in the Salvadoran culture.ArchbishopÓscar Romero is a national hero for his role in resisting human rights violations that were occurring in the lead-up to the Salvadoran Civil War.[40] Significant foreign personalities in El Salvador were theJesuit priests and professorsIgnacio Ellacuría,Ignacio Martín-Baró, andSegundo Montes, who were murdered in 1989 by the Salvadoran Army during the height of the civil war.
Painting, ceramics and textiles are the principal manual artistic mediums. WritersFrancisco Gavidia (1863–1955),Salarrué (Salvador Salazar Arrué) (1899–1975),Claudia Lars,Alfredo Espino,Pedro Geoffroy Rivas,Manlio Argueta,José Roberto Cea, and poetRoque Dalton are among the most important writers from El Salvador. Notable 20th-century personages include the late filmmaker Baltasar Polio, female film directorPatricia Chica, artistFernando Llort, andcaricaturistToño Salazar.
Amongst the more renowned representatives of the graphic arts are the paintersAugusto Crespin,Noe Canjura,Carlos Cañas,Giovanni Gil, Julia Díaz, Mauricio Mejía, María Elena Palomo de Mejía,Camilo Minero, Ricardo Carbonell, Roberto Huezo, Miguel Ángel Cerna, (the painter and writer better known as MACLo), Esael Araujo, and many others. For more information on prominent citizens of El Salvador, check theList of Salvadorans.