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Salpausselkä

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Extensive ridge system in Southern Finland
For the ski jumping hill, seeSalpausselkä (ski jump).
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(August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
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Salpausselkä ridge system
Animation about the formation of Salpauselkä

Salpausselkä (Finnish:[ˈsɑlpɑu̯sˌselkæ]; "Bar Ridge") is an extensiveridge system left by theice age in SouthernFinland. It is a largeterminal moraine formation that formed in front of theBaltic ice lake during theYounger Dryas period about 12,250–10,400 years ago.[1] All together the formation is close to 500 km (310 mi) from end to end, and the ridges can be as tall as 80 m (260 ft) in some places.[1]

It runs fromHanko hundreds of kilometers to the east. It traps the extensiveriver andlake systems of CentralFinland known asFinnish Lakeland (Finnish:Järvi-Suomi, "Lake Finland") and forces the water to flow through few breaches in the ridge.[1] TheVuoksi River flows from lakeSaimaa intoLake Ladoga (Finnish:Laatokka) inRussia. From there the water subsequently flows through riverNeva into theGulf of Finland, bypassing the Salpausselkä. TheKymi River flows fromPäijänne into the Gulf of Finland. An artificial breach from the Lakeland is theSaimaa Canal, from Saimaa atLappeenranta into theGulf of Finland atVyborg.

Salpausselkä has been used for transportation because of the easy terrain for centuries; later on both railways and highways have been built to follow it. It is also an important source of cleangroundwater filtering from the lakes on the upper side (north) of the ridge, for the communities built alongside the ridge. The south side of the Salpausselkä has been inhabited for more than 10,000 years.

There are also formations calledSecond and Third Salpausselkä, which are similar in form but smaller. They are situated north of the main Salpausselkä, and were formed later respectively.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcScheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980).Natural Wonders of the World. United States of America: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. pp. 332-333.ISBN 0-89577-087-3.

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