Illustration of a typical salicoid tooth, the yellow area showing the expanding leaf vein and glandular seta.Populus trichocarpa leaf margin showing a salicoid tooth. The brownish-yellow area in the axil of the tooth is the glandular seta.
TheSalicaceae are thewillow family offlowering plants. The traditional family (Salicaceaesensu stricto) includes thewillows andpoplars. Genetic studies summarized by theAngiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) have greatly expanded the circumscription of the family to contain 56 genera and about 1220 species, including the tropicalScyphostegiaceae and many of the formerFlacourtiaceae.[4][5][6]
In theCronquist system, the Salicaceae were assigned to their own order, Salicales, and contained three genera,Salix,Populus, andChosenia (now a synonym ofSalix). Recognized to be closely related to theViolaceae andPassifloraceae, the family is placed by the APG in the orderMalpighiales.
Under the new circumscription, most members of the family are trees or shrubs that havesimple leaves withalternate arrangement, and temperate members are usuallydeciduous. Most members have serrate or dentateleaf margins, and many of those that have such toothed margins exhibit salicoid teeth, a salicoid tooth being one in which avein enters the tooth, expands, and terminates at or near the apex, near which are spherical and glandular protuberances called setae. Sometimes the glands will deflate and appeartorus (doughnut) shaped. Some members of the family exhibit violoid or theoid teeth, characters along with presence of anaril and introrse anther dehiscence that are sometimes used to split the family into three families, Salicaceaesensu medio, Samydaceae, and Scyphostegiaceae.[7][8] Members of the family often have flowers which are reduced and inconspicuous, and all haveovaries that are superior or half-inferior withparietal placentation.[9]
Salicaceae are divided into three subfamilies, with Salicoideae further divided into seven tribes.[3][10][11] Several of these tribes are not monophyletic and await further revision.[4]
^abChase, Mark W.; Sue Zmarzty; M. Dolores Lledó; Kenneth J. Wurdack; Susan M. Swensen; Michael F. Fay (2002). "When in doubt, put it in Flacourtiaceae: a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on plastidrbcL DNA sequences".Kew Bulletin.57 (1):141–181.Bibcode:2002KewBu..57..141C.doi:10.2307/4110825.JSTOR4110825.
^Alford, Mac; Dement, Angela (2015). "Irenodendron, a new genus of Samydaceae from South America".Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas.9 (2):331–334.
