Salawat (Arabic:صَلَوَات,romanized: ṣalawāt;sg.صَلَاة,ṣalāh) orDurud (Urdu:دُرُوْد,romanized: durūd) is anIslamic complimentaryArabic phrase which containsveneration for Muhammad. This phrase is usually expressed byMuslims as part of their fivedaily prayers (usually during thetashahhud) and also when Muhammad's name is mentioned.[1][2][3]Salawat is a plural form ofsalat (Arabic:صَلَاة) and from thetriliteral root ofṣ-l-w (the lettersṣād-lām-wā,ص ل و) which literally means 'prayer' or 'send blessings upon'.[4][5] Some Arabic philologists suggest that the meaning of the word"Salawat" varies depending on who uses the word and to whom it is used for.[6]
The suffix«صَلَوَاتُ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِه», meaning "May God's peace be upon him and his household", is a respectful Arabic term used inArabic andPersian Islamic texts to respect the prophet ofIslam,Muhammad when his name mentioned. Of course, this term can be used forthe Fourteen Infallibles or any great person.[7] This phrase is most often used after the nameMuhammad, theProphet ofIslam. This Arabic phrase may also come after the names of special and holy people. All of these phrases mean "asking for divine favor for a special and holy person."[8][9] On the other hand, in Islamic sources,Salawat may also be seen in other forms, including«صَلَی اللهُ عَلَیه و آلِه و سَلَّم» (translation: May God grant him and his family mercy and peace),«صَلَی اللهُ عَلَیه و سَلَّم» (translation: May God send his mercy and blessings upon him),«صَلَی اللهُ عَلَیه و آلِه» (translation: May God's blessings be upon him and his household),«صَلَی اللهُ عَلَیه» (translation: May God's blessings be upon him),«صَلَوَاتُ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ» (translation: May the peace ofAllah be upon him) or«صَلَواتُ ﷲِ وَ سَلامِه عَلَیه» (translation: May the peace and blessings ofAllah be upon him).[10] According to some researchers,Salawat is expressed in more than 210 different Arabic phrases in Islamic sources.[11]
Salawat with the text«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّد», meaning "O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and his family", or with the text«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّد و عَجِّل فَرَجَهُم», meaning "O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and his family and hasten their attainment", is an Islamic invocation used to honor theIslam ProphetMuhammad and his family.[12] The most famous form ofSalawat throughout history and according to the sources, has been to say it in the form of«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّد», meaning "OAllah, send blessings upon Muhammad and his household".[13] In Islamic circles, when the name of theProphetMuhammad is mentioned, it is customary to send blessings upon him to respect his high position.[14][15] Also, the recitation ofSalawat is used in worship because of its virtue and reward, and sometimes people even vow to recite a specific number of it (for example, 100, 200, or 1000) in order to have their heartfelt desires (called "Haajat" in Islamic thoughts),[16] so that through this, they may receive God's grace and their problems may be resolved.[17][18][19][20]
InIslam, when a Muslim orangel (malāk) recitessalawat, it means they are sending it to the prophet and are showingAllah their respect forMuhammad, while when the same is sending upon prophet by Allah himself, it means he is blessed byAllah (name of God in Islam).[1] "When Muhammad sendsSalawat upon the believers, it indicates his prayer for their welfare, blessing and salvation."[21]
Muhammad was also reported to have said: "The meanest person is he who does not invokeSalawat upon me when my name is mentioned in his presence."[22][23]
Ibn Asakri transmitted fromal-Hasan bin Ali that Muhammad said: "Invoke moreSalawat upon me, for your invocation is conducive to your sins being forgiven. And pray for me a high status and intercession, for surely my intercession will plead in your favour before Allah."[6]
According toJa'far al-Sadiq, Muhammad said: "All supplications to Allah will remain in a veil from the sky until aSalawat is sent to Mohammad PBUH and his Household."[24] In another tradition, Ja'far al-Sadiq was quoted that: "Whoever sendsSalawat on the Prophet PBH and his Household means 'I am standing on the promise that I gave when Allah asked me, 'Am I not your lord? And I answered yes you are.'"[25]
When the companions and friends of the Prophet of Islam asked him: "How should we send blessings, peace, and greetings upon you?" the Prophet of Islam included the word «آلِ», "Aal" (meaning family, household or progeny) in hisSalawat and asked for all the mercy and blessings that were requested from God for his family too, this meaning, theProphetMuhammad wants all the mercy and blessings that were requested from God inSalawat for his "family" or his "household" or his "progeny" (including thetwelve Imams with the Prophet's daughter,Fatima, or the so-calledthe fourteen infallibles inTwelverShia doctrine).[26]
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In the many Islamic orison writings, explained how to greet the Prophet of Islam according to the traditions. In the book "Sahih al-Bukhari" written byMuhammad al-Bukhari, it is narrated from "Abu Saeed al-Khudri" that: "We said, O Messenger of God! Peace be upon you is known; how should we send blessings upon you?", the Prophet said:
«قُولُوا الّلهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلى مُحَمَّد عَبْدِکَ وَ رَسُولِکَ کَما صَلَّیْتَ على اِبْراهیمَ و آلِ اِبْراهیمَ وَ بارِکْ عَلى مُحَمَّد وَ عَلى آلِ مُحَمَّد کما بارَکْتَ على اِبْراهیمَ»[27]
Meaning:
"Say, O Allah! Send peace upon Muhammad, Your servant and Your Messenger, as You sent peace uponIbrahim and upon the family ofIbrahim, and send blessings uponMuhammad and upon the family of Muhammad, as You sent blessings uponIbrahim."[28]
In the same book and on the same page, thisHadith is narrated in more detail from "Ka’b ibn Ujrah" (one of the famouscompanions of the Prophet)[29] who said to the Prophet Muhammad: “We have learned how to greet you, but how should we send blessings upon you?” The Prophet said "you should say":[30]
«اللّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلى مُحَمَّد وَ عَلى آلِ مُحَمَّد کَما صَلَّیْتَ عَلى آلِ اِبْراهیمَ اِنَّکَ حَمیدٌ مَجیدٌ، اَلّلهُمَّ بارِکْ عَلى مُحَمَّد وَ عَلى آلِ مُحَمَّد کَما بارَکْتَ عَلى آلِ اِبْراهیمَ اِنَّکَ حَمیدٌ مَجیدٌ»
Meaning:
"O Allah, send peace uponMuhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You sent peace uponIbrahim and the family ofIbrahim, for You are Praiseworthy and Glorious, and bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You bestowed blessings uponIbrahim and the family ofIbrahim, for You are Praiseworthy and Glorious."
Note thatAl-Bukhari mentions theseHadiths under the verse 56 ofSurahAl-Ahzab:«اِنَّ اللهَ وَ مَلائِکَتَهُ یُصَلُّونَ عَلَى النَّبِىِّ یا اَیُّهَا الَّذینَ آمَنُوا صَلُّوا عَلَیْهِ وَ سَلِّمُوا تَسْلیما», meaning, “Indeed, Allah confers blessing upon the Prophet, and His angels [ask Him to do so]. O you who have believed, ask [Allah to confer] blessing upon him and ask [Allah to grant him] peace”.[31]
In the book “Sahih Muslim” written byMuslim ibn al-Hajjaj, which is the second most famousHadith reference book forSunniMuslims, it is narrated from “Abi Mas’ud al-Ansari”[32] that: The Prophet came to us while we were in the assembly of "Sa’d ibn Ibadah", then "Bashir", the son of "Sa’d", said: "O Messenger of God! God has commanded us to send blessings upon you, how should we send blessings upon you?". The Prophet was silent at first, then he said "you should say":[33][34]
«اللّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلى مُحَمَّد وَ عَلى آلِ مُحَمَّد کَما صَلَّیْتَ عَلى آلِ اِبْراهیمَ، بارِکْ عَلى مُحَمَّد وَ عَلى آلِ مُحَمَّد کما بارَکْتَ عَلى آلِ اِبْراهیمَ فى الْعالَمینَ اِنَّکَ حَمیدٌ مَجیدٌ»
Meaning:
"O Allah, send peace uponMuhammad and the family of Muhammad as You sent peace upon the family ofIbrahim. Send blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You sent blessings upon the family ofIbrahim to the worlds. You are the Praiseworthy and the Glorious."
In one of theSunni interpretation books called "Al-Dur al-Manthur" byJalaluddin al-Suyuti, which is the most famous book of narration interpretation among Sunnis, the author cites the same narration of "Abu Saeed al-Khudri" from "Sahih al-Bukhari", "Ahmad ibn Shu'ayb al-Nasa'i", "Ibn Majah", and "Ibn Mardavieh" on behalf of the Prophet of Islam. In the same book, the same statement of “Abi Mas’ud al-Ansari”[32] has been narrated byMuhammad al-Tirmidhi, "Ahmad ibn Shu'ayb al-Nasa'i", and "Ibn Mardavieh". Again, in the same book, the same content is narrated, with slight differences, by "Malik ibn Anas", "Sahih al-Bukhari", "Abu Dawud al-Sijistani", "Ahmad ibn Shu'ayb al-Nasa'i", "Ibn Majah", "Ibn Mardavieh", and several others, on behalf of "Abu Ahmad Sa'idi".[35]
"Ahmad ibn Husayn ibn Ali Bayhaqi Neishaburi" known as "al-Bayhaqi" also narrated numerous narrations in this regard in his famous book "Sunan al-Kubra", some of which clarify the duties ofMuslims duringprayer and during theTashahhud (one of the parts ofprayer). For example, in aHadith narrated by "Uqbah ibn Amr": A man came and sat in the presence of the Prophet, while we were also with the Prophet. He said: "O Messenger of God! We know the quality of greetings upon you, but how should we send blessings upon you when we pray?" The Prophet remained silent [for a while], until we thought, "I wish this man had not asked such a question." Then the Prophet said:[36]
«اِذا اَنْتُمْ صَلَّیْتُمْ عَلَىَّ فَقُولُوا الّلهُمَّ صَلَّ عَلى مُحَمَّد النَّبِىِّ الاٌمِىِّ وَ عَلى آلِ مُحَمَّد، کَما صَلَّیْتَ عَلى اِبْراهیمَ وَ عَلى آلِ اِبْراهیمَ وَ بارِکْ عَلَى مُحَمَّد النَّبىِّ الاٌمِىِّ وَ عَلى آلِ مُحَمَّد کَما بارَکْتَ عَلى اِبْراهیمَ وَ عَلى آلِ اِبْراهیمَ، اِنَّکَ حَمیدٌ مَجیدٌ»
Meaning:
"If you pray for me, say: O Allah, send peace uponMuhammad, the illiterate prophet, and his family, as You sent peace uponIbrahim and the family ofIbrahim, and bless Muhammad, the illiterate prophet, and his family, as You blessedIbrahim and the family ofIbrahim. Indeed, You are the Praiseworthy, the Glorious.
Then the author "al-Bayhaqi" quotesMuhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i as saying:[37]
"This is an authenticHadith that talks about recitingSalawat upon the Prophet of Islam duringprayers."
"Al-Bayhaqi" has also cited numerous otherHadiths regarding how to reciteSalawat upon the Prophet of Islam, both during theprayer and outside of theprayer; In particular, in a Hadith narrated by "Ka'b ibn Ujrah" on behalf of the Prophet of Islam, he states:[38]
اِنَّه کانَ یَقُولُ فى الصَّلوهِ: «الّلهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلى مُحَمَّد وَ آلِ مُحَمَّد کَما صَلَّیْتَ عَلى اِبْراهیمَ و آلِ اِبْراهیمَ وَ بارِکْ عَلى مُحَّمَد وَ آلِ مُحَمَّد کَما بارَکْتَ عَلى اِبْراهیمَ اِنَّکَ حَمیدٌ مَجیدٌ»
Meaning:
The Prophet of Islam used to say in hisprayer: "O Allah, send peace upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You sent peace uponIbrahim and the family ofIbrahim, and send blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You sent blessings uponIbrahim. Indeed, You are Praiseworthy, Glorious."
It is clear from thishadith that even the Prophet of Islam himself used to send these blessings in hisprayers.
"Al-Bayhaqi" says in one of the narrations in which there is no mention ofprayer:[39]
"These narrations are also related to recitingSalawat upon the Prophet of Islam duringSalah (the prayer in Islam); Because the sentence«قَدْ عَلِمْنا کَیْفَ نُسَلِّمُ», meaning, “We know how to send peace upon you”, refers to the sending peace in theTashahhud (one of the parts ofprayer) and in the "Salaam" (the last part ofprayer):«السَّلامُ عَلَیْکَ اَیُّهَا النَّبىُّ وَ رَحْمَهُ اللهِ وَ بَرَکاتُه», meaning, “Peace be unto you O’ prophet and the mercy and all blessings of God”. Therefore, one of the meanings of the "sending blessings to the Prophet", refers to recitingSalawat during theTashahhud (one of the parts ofprayer)."
Therefore, all Muslims, regardless of their sects, are obligated to say the greetings of peace upon the Prophet of Islam in the form of«السَّلامَ عَلَیْکَ اَیُّهَا النَّبىُّ وَ رَحْمَهُ الله», meaning, “Peace be unto you O’ prophet and the mercy of God” during theTashahhud in theprayer, as the Prophet himself used to say.[40]
Although there is a slight difference of opinion among the four majorSunni schools ofIslamic jurisprudence withinSunni Islam on this matter; In theShafi'i school and in theHanbali school, they said: It is obligatory to recitingSalawat upon the Prophet of Islam during the secondTashahhud inSalah, while in theMaliki school and in theHanafi school, consider it as an arbitrary tradition orSunnah.[41]
This is despite the fact that according to most narrations, including the above narrations, theSalawat in theprayer is obligatory upon allMuslims.[42]
Onesalawat recommended by Muhammad is:
ʾAllāhumma ṣalli ʿalā Muḥammadin wa ʿalā ʾāli Muḥammadin kamā ṣallayta ʿalā ʾIbrāhīma wa ʿalā ʾāli ʾIbrāhīma ʾinnaka Ḥamīdun Majīdun ʾAllāhumma bārik ʿalā Muḥammadin wa ʿalā ʾāli Muḥammadin kamā bārakta ʿalā ʾIbrāhīma wa ʿalā ʾāli ʾIbrāhīma ʾinnaka Ḥamīdun Majīdun
ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ ٱللَّٰهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ
O God, sanctify Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as you have sanctifiedIbrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Truly, You are Praiseworthy and Glorious. O God, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as you have blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Truly, You are Praiseworthy and Glorious.[43]
Muhammad was also reported to have said: "Do not invoke incompletesalawat upon me". Hissahabah asked him: "What is incompletesalawat?" He replied them: "When you say: 'O God, send blessing to Muhammad' and then stop on that. Rather say:ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ 'Allahumma! send Your blessing to Muhammad and the progeny of Muhammad."[44]
Several variant phrases ofsalawat may be used. The most common phrases are:
| Arabic | Transliteration IPA | Phrase |
|---|---|---|
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ | ʾallāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾāli muḥammadin /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.masˤal.liʕa.laːmu.ħam.ma.dinwa.ʔaː.limu.ħam.ma.din/ | O God, send blessings upon Muhammad and theProgeny of Muhammad. |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ | ʾallāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾalā ʾāli muḥammadin /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.masˤal.liʕa.laːmu.ħam.ma.dinwa.ʕa.laːʔaː.limu.ħam.ma.din/ | O God, send blessings upon Muhammad and upon the Progeny of Muhammad. |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ وَسَلِّمْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ | ʾallāhumma ṣalli wa-sallim ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾalā ʾāli muḥammadin /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.masˤal.liwa.sal.limʕa.laːmu.ħam.ma.dinwa.ʕa.laːʔaː.limu.ħam.ma.din/ | O God, send blessings and peace upon Muhammad and upon the Progeny of Muhammad. |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ وَسَلِّمْ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ | ʾallāhumma ṣalli wa-sallim wa-bārik ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾalā ʾāli muḥammadin /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.masˤal.liwa.sal.limwa.baː.rikʕa.laːmu.ħam.ma.dinwa.ʕa.laːʔaː.limu.ħam.ma.din/ | O God, send blessings and peace and benediction upon Muhammad and upon the Progeny of Muhammad. |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ وَسَلِّمْ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ أَجْمَعِينَ وَعَلىٰ جَمِيعِ ٱلْمَلَائِكَةِ وَجَمِيعِ ٱلْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَٱلْمُرْسَلِينَ وَٱلشُّهَدَاءِ وَٱلصِّدِّيقِينَ وَجَمِيعِ عِبَادِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلصَّالِحِينَ | ʾallāhumma ṣalli wa-sallim wa-bārik ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾalā ʾāli muḥammadin ʾajmaʿīna wa-ʿalā jamīʿi l-malāʾikati wa-jamīʿi l-ʾanbiyāʾi wa-l-mursalīna wa-š-šuhadāʾi wa-ṣ-ṣiddīqīna wa-jamīʿi ʿibādi -llāhi ṣ-ṣāliḥīna /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.masˤal.liwa.sal.limwa.baː.rikʕa.laːmu.ħam.ma.dinwa.ʕa.laːʔaː.limu.ħam.ma.dinʔad͡ʒ.ma.ʕiː.nawa.ʕa.laːd͡ʒa.miː.ʕi‿l.ma.laː.ʔi.ka.tiwa.d͡ʒa.miː.ʕi‿l.ʔan.bi.jaː.ʔiwal.mur.sa.liː.nawaʃ.ʃu.ha.daː.ʔiwasˤ.sˤid.diː.qiː.nawa.d͡ʒa.miː.ʕiʕi.baː.di‿l.laː.hi‿sˤ.sˤaː.li.ħiː.na/ | O God, send blessings and peace and benediction upon Muhammad and upon the Progeny of Muhammadall together, and upon all of the Angels, and [upon] all of the Prophets, Messengers, martyrs and truthful ones, and [upon] all of the righteous servants of God. |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَجِّلْ لِوَلِيِّكَ ٱلْفَرَجَ وَٱلْعَافِيَةَ وَٱلنَّصْرَ | ʾallāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾāli muḥammadin wa-ʿajjil li-walīyika l-faraja wa-l-ʿāfiyata wa-n-naṣra /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.masˤal.liʕa.laːmu.ħam.ma.dinwa.ʔaː.limu.ħam.ma.dinwa.ʕad͡ʒ.d͡ʒilli.wa.liː.ji.ka‿l.fa.ra.d͡ʒawal.ʕaː.fi.ja.tawan.nasˤ.ra/ | O God, bless Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad, and hasten thealleviation of your vicegerent (i.e.Imam Mahdi), and grant him vitality and victory.(Usually recited by Shia Muslims) |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَجِّلْ فَرَجَهُمْ | ʾallāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾāli muḥammadin wa-ʿajjil farajahum /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.masˤal.liʕa.laːmu.ħam.ma.dinwa.ʔaː.limu.ħam.ma.dinwa.ʕad͡ʒ.d͡ʒilfa.ra.d͡ʒa.hum/ | O God, bless Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad, and hasten their alleviation.(Usually recited by Shia Muslims) |
| ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَجِّلْ فَرَجَهُمْ وَٱلْعَنْ أَعْدَاءَهُمْ | ʾallāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾāli muḥammadin wa-ʿajjil farajahum wa-lʿan ʾaʿdāʾahum /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.masˤal.liʕa.laːmu.ħam.ma.dinwa.ʔaː.limu.ħam.ma.dinwa.ʕad͡ʒ.d͡ʒilfa.ra.d͡ʒa.humwal.ʕanʔaʕ.daː.ʔa.hum/ | O God, bless Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad, and hasten their alleviation and curse their enemies.(Usually recited by Shia Muslims) |
According to some researchers,Salawat is expressed in more than 210 different Arabic phrases in Islamic sources. The famousSalawats mentioned in narrations andHadiths are listed below:[11][45]
| Sources | Phrases |
| [Al-Nasa'i / 1292, Sahih] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ |
| [Abbas Qomi / 1344, Safinat al-Bihar] | الّلهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ و عَجّل فَرَجَهم |
| [Al-Nasa'i / 1289, Sahih] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ ٱللَّٰهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ |
| [Al-Muwatta / 459, Sahih], [Ibn Hibban / 1958, Sahih] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ بَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي ٱلْعَالَمِينَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ |
| [Al-Nasa'i / 1291, Sahih] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ |
| [Al-Bukhari / 4519], [Ibn Majah / 904, Sahih] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ ٱللَّٰهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ |
| [Muslim / 405], [Al-Muwatta / 459, Sahih], [Al-Nasa'i / 1285, Sahih], [Ibn Hibban / 1965, Sahih] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي ٱلْعَالَمِينَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ |
| [Muslim / 406] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّك حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ وَبِارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ |
| [Ibn Hibban / 1964, Sahih], [Al-Bukhari / 5996], [Muslim / 406], [Al-Nasa'i / 1257, Sahih] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّك حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ ٱللَّٰهُمَّ بِارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ |
| [Al-Nasa'i / 1288, Sahih], [Al-Nasa'i / 1290, Sahih], [Ibn Hibban / 1957, Sahih] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ |
| [Al-Bukhari / 3190] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ ٱللَّٰهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ |
| [Ibn Hibban / 1959, Isnadat Sahih] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ٱلأُمِّيِّ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ٱلأُمِّيِّ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ |
| [Ibn Majah / 903, Sahih] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ |
| [Al-Bukhari / 5997] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ |
| [Al-Nasa'i / 1293, Sahih] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ |
| [Al-Bukhari / 4520] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ |
| [Al-Bukhari / 4520] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آل إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ |
| [Al-Bukhari / 4520] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آل إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ |
| [Al-Bukhari / 3189] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ |
| [Ibn Majah / 905, Sahih] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي ٱلْعَالَمِينَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ |
| [Al-Nasa'i / 1294, Sahih], [Al-Bukhari / 5999], [Al-Muwatta / 458, Sahih] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ |
| [Muslim / 407] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ أَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ أَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ |
| [Al-Nasa'i / 1286, Isnadat Sahih] | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ٱللَّٰهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ |
It is said that whoever sends 10salawat uponMuhammad andhis household will be sent a thousandsalawat by God and his angels, and whoever sends 1,000salawat upon Muhammad and his household will not be affected by the fire ofhell.[46][47]
Sendingsalawat uponMuhammad and his progeny is said to pave the way for his intercession on theday of judgement,[48] serve as a compensation for sins,[47] and to be the most weighty deed on the scale of deeds.[49]Salawat upon Muhammad and his households is said to lead to the affection of God and his messenger,[50] to purify deeds,[51] and to serve as the light in the grave,As-Sirāt bridge andParadise.[52]
Salawat is said to be one of the best deeds on Friday,[51] and is said to lighten and open the heart.[53]
Recitingsalawat aloud is said to vanish hypocrisy,[54] and continuous recitation ofsalawat is said to fulfil one's worldly and heavenly wants (supplication).[55]
It is mentioned in verse 56 ofSurahAl-Ahzab:«اِنَّ اللهَ وَ مَلائِکَتَهُ یُصَلُّونَ عَلَى النَّبِىِّ یا اَیُّهَا الَّذینَ آمَنُوا صَلُّوا عَلَیْهِ وَ سَلِّمُوا تَسْلیما»,[56] meaning “Indeed, Allah confers blessing upon the Prophet, and His angels [ask Him to do so]. O you who have believed, ask [Allah to confer] blessing upon him and ask [Allah to grant him] peace.”[57] There are numerous narrations and discussions in the Islamic world about the reason of sending blessings (Salawat) upon the Prophet. The first reason of sending blessings upon Muhammad is that the prophet and his status among people should not be forgotten. In this way, sending blessings upon the Prophet helps in some way to preserveIslam and the name of the Prophet of Islam.[58] In some books dedicated to Islamic worship instructions, it is mentioned that sending blessings upon Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam, causes the person sending the blessings to become good-natured and well-minded, and the sins of the person sending the blessings to be forgiven.[59] As it is mentioned in the pilgrimage ofJami'ah Kabirah:[60]
«وَ جَعَلَ صَلاَتَنَا عَلَيْكُمْ وَ مَا خَصَّنَا بِهِ مِنْ وِلاَيَتِكُمْ طِيباً لِخُلْقِنَا وَ طَهَارَةً لاَِنْفُسِنَا وَ تَزْكِيَةً لَنَا وَ كَفَّارَةً لِذُنُوبِنَا»
"God has made our prayers upon you (the Prophet and his family) and your guardianship over us the cause of moral purity, purity of minds, spiritual growth and progress, and atonement for our sins."[61]
In other narrations, recitingSalawat in the form of«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّد», meaning "O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and his family" is mentioned as a factor in the forgiveness of sins.[62] On the other hand, recitingSalawat and peace upon the Prophet ofIslam,Muhammad, and his family, or recitingSalawat upon other prophets and other great figures, is a form of gratitude and appreciation for the efforts that these individuals have made to guide people. Gratitude and appreciation for a useful thing is a kind and noble behavior.[63][64]
| Unicode | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| encoding utf-8 | sign | name unicode | transcription | Arabic | English |
ﷺ | ﷺ | Arabic sign SALLALLAHOU ALAYHE WASSALLAM | SallAllahu alayhi was Sallam | صَلَّىٰ ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ | Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him |
شماره ۲۳، زمستان ۱۳۸۵ش و بهار ۱۳۸۶ش.
شمارۀ ۵، پاییز ۱۳۹۰ش.
تألیف رسول جعفریان، بیجا، بینا، ۱۳۹۳ش.
تحقیق: مصطفى دیب البغا، ۱۴۰۷ ق. ۱۹۸۷م، چاپ سوم، ج ۴، ص ۱۸۰۲، ح ۴۵۱۹.
تحقیق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقی، بی تا، ج ۱، ص ۳۰۵، ح ۶۵.
۱۴۰۴ ق، ج ۵، ص ۲۱۷، (قوله تعالى إن الله و ملائکته الآیه).
۱۳۴۴ ق، چاپ اول، ج ۲، ص ۱۴۶.
۱۴۱۹ق، چاپ اول، ج ۱، ص ۳۱۸، (نیه الإمام و نیه المأموم).
۱۳۸۶ش.
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