Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Saek language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tai language of Laos and Thailand
Saek
แถร̄ก
Native toLaos,Thailand
Native speakers
10,000 (2007–2015)[1]
Thai script
Language codes
ISO 639-3skb
Glottologsaek1240
ELPSaek

Saek (Sek;Thai:ภาษาแสก) is aTai language spoken in at least ten villages inKhammouane Province,Laos, and at least four villages inNakhon Phanom Province in northeasternThailand, just across theMekong River. It is spoken by theSaek people.

Phonology

[edit]

The Saek tones are (Hudak & Gedney 2010):

  • 1 =/˧˦/ (/34/) mid level, slight rise at the end
  • 2 =/˩/ (/11/) low level
  • 3 =/˧˩ˀ/ (/31ˀ/) falling to low, with glottal constriction
  • 4 =/˦˥˦/ (/454/) high peaking
  • 5 =/˥˨/ (/52/) high falling
  • 6 =/˧˨ˀ/ (/32ˀ/) mid level, with slight fall and glottal constriction

Saek tonal splits are as follows (SeeProto-Tai language#Tones for clarification.).

Gedney Diagram: Saek Tones
*A*B*C*DS*DL
Aspirated2, 16346
Unaspirated16346
Glottalized16346
Voiced45665

Locations

[edit]

Saek is spoken in the following locations (Hudak & Gedney 2010:251-252).

Thailand

[edit]

Two Saek villages are "Ban Asamat" and "Ban Phai Lom," located just off the main river road a few kilometers north ofNakhon Phanom city. Another isBan Ba Wa Saek, located further upriver, but inland a few kilometers. However, except for the older generation, the Saek language is all but disappearing as there is a strong tendency for younger generations to use the localtrade languageLao/Isan, and/or the official Central Thai language as they are assimilated into mainstream Thai society.

William Gedney lists the following Saek villages inNakhon Phanom Province,Thailand.

  1. baan3 ʔaat6 saa1 maat5อาจสามารถ (known locally asbaan3 khɔɔŋ2). 5 km north of the city of Nakhon Phanom. This is the variant recorded by William Gedney in hisSaek language: glossary, texts, and translations. Variant pronunciations:ʔeek6 ʔaa1 saa1 (old name; archaic),ʔa4 sa6 maat5,ʔa6 saa1,ʔaa1 saa1,ʔaa1 sa6 maat5,ʔaa1 saa1 maat5,ʔaat6 sa6 maat5.
  2. baan3 phay6 lɔɔm3, one mile inland frombaan3 ʔaat6 saa1 maat5. Variant name:baan3 saw1 law3.
  3. baan3 dɔŋ1 sa6 mɔɔ4 inSi Songkhram District (sii1 soŋ1 khraam4). Variant pronunciations:dɔɔn1 suʔ6 mɔɔ4,doŋ1 su6 mɔɔ4,doŋ1 sa6 mɔɔ4.
  4. baan3 baa6 vaa3 inkiŋ6 naa4 vaa3 district. Variant pronunciation:baa1 vaa3.

According to Gedney, abandoned Saek villages in Thailand include:

  1. baan3 thaa5 vaay4, betweenbaan3 ʔaat6 saa1 maat5 and the city ofNakhon Phanom.
  2. baan3 naa4 laʔ6 vaay4, on the road toSakon Nakhon.

Laos

[edit]

According to Gedney's texts and notebooks, Saek is spoken in the following locations inLaos.

  1. baan3 thaa5 khɛɛ4
  2. baan3 thɔɔk5
  3. baan3 phoo4 kham3
  4. baan3 phaa5 thuŋ1 - completely occupied by Saek
  5. baan3 phoon3 ŋaam1 - half Lao, half Saek village

Chamberlain (1998) cites the following Saek-speaking villages in Laos. District codes are also given in parentheses (seedistricts of Laos).

  • Khamkeut District,Borikhamxay Province (11-05)
    • Ban Na Kadok, Nam Veo Subdistrict (originally from Phu Quan village, nearĐức Thọ,Hà Tĩnh Province,Vietnam). They have extensive gold mines along the Nam Houay stream bed. Settlers from Na Kadok had also founded Na Vang in Nakai District, located on the Nam Mone, when they were hiding from Thai soldiers during the Siamese occupation of Laos. TheBru people now live in Na Vang and maintain the terraces that the Saek had originally built.
    • Ban Som Sanouk, Lak Xao Subdistrict
    • Ban Nam Phao, Lak Xao Subdistrict
    • Ban Houay Toun, Lak Xao Subdistrict
    • Ban Na Tham Kwang (or Ban Nam Hoy), Khammmouane Subdistrict
  • Nakai District,Khammouane Province (12-07)
    • Ban Toeng (subdistrict seat on the Nam Noy)
    • Ban Na Meo (located on the Nam Pheo, a tributary of the Nam Noy; village claimed to have been occupied for 286 years)
    • Ban Na Moey (located on the Nam Pheo)
    • Ban Beuk (located on the Nam Pheo)[2]
  • Gnommarath District,Khammouane Province (12-05)
    • Ban Pha Toung (residents originally from Ban Toeng)
    • Ban Khène (residents originally from Ban Toeng)
  • Thakhek District,Khammouane Province (12-01): various villages
  • Hinboun District,Khammouane Province (12-04): various villages

Morev notes that Saek is also spoken in the followingdistricts ofKhammouane Province,Laos.

The Saek speakers of Laos live adjacent toBru andMène speakers (Chamberlain 1998).

Additional data on Saek of Laos has since been collected by Jean Pacquement (2016, 2017, 2018).[3][4][5]

Vietnam

[edit]

According to Gedney, Vietnam is said to have the two following Saek villages. However, Chamberlain (1998) notes that all villages listed by Gedney to be in Vietnam are actually in Laos.

  1. baan3 trɤɤŋ3 (actually in Laos according to Chamberlain (1998))
  2. baan3 tɛɛn1

According to Gedney, abandoned Saek villages in Vietnam (Laos according to Chamberlain) include the following. Their equivalents in Chamberlain (1998) are given in parentheses.

  1. baan3 bɯk4 naa4 tɤɤ3 (Ban Beuk)
  2. baan3 sin4 naa4 mɤɤy4 (Ban Na Moey)
  3. baan3 trɤɤŋ1 (Ban Toeng - subdistrict seat on the Nam Noy)
  4. baan3 thruu3 (Ban Thô - next to the Houay Thô and Nam Amang confluence; just north of the mountain "Phu Kun Tho")
  5. Thephiaŋ4 sɤɤŋ1

China

[edit]

There are perhaps some Saek speakers inChina, where they are classified asZhuang people.[6]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Saek atEthnologue (25th ed., 2022)Closed access icon
  2. ^Saek audio recordings from Ban Beuk, Laos
  3. ^Pacquement, Jean. 2018.The Saek spoken in Ban Na Kadôk: a “disappointing” dialect? Presented at SEALS 28, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
  4. ^Pacquement, Jean. 2017.The Saek Language: the first dialect and the second dialect. Presented at SEALS 27, 11–13 May 2017, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia.
  5. ^Pacquement, Jean. 2016.Saek Language in the Early Years of the 20th Century and Nowadays. Presented at the 5th International Conference on Lao Studies, July 8–10, 2016 Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand.
  6. ^Bradley 2007, p. 371.

References

[edit]

Sources

[edit]
  • Chamberlain, James R. 1998. "The Origin of the Sek: Implications for Tai and Vietnamese History".Journal of the Siam Society 86.1 & 86.2: 27–48.
  • Gedney, W. J. (1993).William J. Gedney's the Saek language: glossary, texts, and translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 41. [ ]: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan.ISBN 0-89148-073-0
  • Hudak, Thomas J., and William J. Gedney. 2010.William J. Gedney's concise Saek-English, English-Saek lexicon. Oceanic Linguistics special publication, no. 37. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
  • Miyake, Marc. 2013.Saek.
  • Morev, L. N. 1988.Yazik Sek [The Saek Language]. Moscow: Nauka.

External links

[edit]
Official language
Indigenous
languages
Austroasiatic
Bahnaric
Katuic
Khmuic
Palaungic
Vietic
Austronesian
Hmong–Mien
Sino-Tibetan
Kra–Dai
Main foreign languages
Sign languages
Kra
Gelao
Kam–Sui
Biao
Lakkia
Hlai
Jiamao
BeJizhao
Tai
(Zhuang, etc.)
Northern
Central
Southwestern
(Thai)
Northwestern
Lao–Phutai
Chiang Saen
Southern
(other)
(mixed)
(mixed origins)
proposed groupings
Proto-languages
Italics indicateextinct languages
Authority control databases: NationalEdit this at Wikidata
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saek_language&oldid=1330691746"
Categories:
Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2026 Movatter.jp