| Sadowara Domain 佐土原藩 | |
|---|---|
| Domain of Japan | |
| 1603–1871 | |
 Sadowara Castle | |
_inverted.svg) Mon of theShimazu clan | |
| Capital | Sadowara Castle |
| Area | |
| • Coordinates | 32°02′52.2″N131°25′25.8″E / 32.047833°N 131.423833°E /32.047833; 131.423833 |
| Historical era | Edo period |
• Established | 1603 |
| 1871 | |
| Contained within | |
| • Province | Hyūga Province |
| Today part of | Miyazaki Prefecture |
Sadowara Domain (佐土原藩,Sadowara-han) was afeudal domain under theTokugawa shogunate ofEdo period Japan, in what is now centralMiyazaki Prefecture. It was centered aroundSadowara Castle in what is now the city ofMiyazaki and was ruled by a cadet branch of thetozama daimyōShimazu clan for all of its history.[1][2][3]
In 1603, Shimazu Mochihisa, the son ofShimazu Takahisa's younger brother,Shimazu Tadamasa, was given 30,000koku in Naka District and Koyu District,Hyuga Province, and allowed to establish a cadet branch of theShimazu clan based atSadowara Castle. This land was originally the territory ofShimazu Iehisa andShimazu Toyohisa, but after Toyohisa died at theBattle of Sekigahara in 1600, the territory was seized by theTokugawa shogunate. The aim of the shogunate in establishing Sadowara as a domain was not only to ensure the succession of the Shimazu clan, but to favor the Tarumi faction within the clan as a potential rival to the main clan in Kagoshima.
The relationship withSatsuma Domain is similar to that betweenSendai Domain andUwajima Domain, orMorioka Domain andHachinohe Domain. While there is a view that Sadowara is not a subsidiary domain of Satsuma Domain, it was subject to repeated interference from Satsuma Domain in its internal affairs. The Sadowaradaimyō was from the Tarumi Shimazu clan, who were regarded as retainers, rather than relatives, of the ruling Satsuma clan. On the other hand, the Satsuma clan had to officially recognize that the Tarumi-Shimazu ruling Satowara were not in fact their retainers, but were recognized by the shogunate as co-equaldaimyō. Many of the legal wives of the generations of Sadowaradaimyō were from Satsuma, including not only the princesses of the head of the Shimazu clan but also the daughters of Satsuma Domain chief retainers. On the other hand, until the end of the Edo period, no son of the Satsumadaimyō was adopted by the Sadowaradaimyō as his successor.
The 6thdaimyō, Korehisa becamedaimyō as an infant, so Tadataka's cousin Hisatoshi was adopted asdaimyō until Tadahisa came of age. Within the domain, this resulted in anO-Ie Sōdō, which in turn led to the intervention of Satsuma Domain in 1686 (Matsunoki Riot). In 1690, Korehisa had finally come of age, but according to the wishes of the shogunate, thekokudaka of the domain was reduced to 27,000koku. On the other hand, the domain was granted the prestige of being a "castle-holding domain" in 1699.
On June 7, 1839 (April 7, 1839), the 10thdaimyō, Shimazu Tadatetsu, died suddenly at theKusatsu-jukuhonjin (in present-dayKusatsu, Shiga) en route toEdo to fulfill hissankin-kōtai obligation. As he had not yet appointed a successor, there was a strong possibility that the domain would faceattainder, so his vassals kept the death a secret until permission was granted for the succession to be passed to his third son, Shimazu Tadahiro. On the following day, Tadatetsu's death was officially announced.
In theBakumatsu period, Shimazu Tadahiro worked closely with Satsuma Domin, and in 1869, he was awarded 30,000koku for his efforts in the fierce battles of theBoshin War. He also promoted moving the seat of the domain from Sadowara Castle to Hirose Castle. However, with theabolition of the han system in 1871, construction of Hirose Castle was discontinued, and Sadowara Domain became "Sadowara Prefecture". Tadahiro subsequently relocated toTokyo, and Sadowara Prefecture was abolished and incorporated into Mimitsu Prefecture. Later, Mimitsu Prefecture was incorporated into Miyazaki Prefecture, merged with Kagoshima Prefecture, and then re-incorporated into the reconstituted Miyazaki Prefecture. The Sadowara Shimazu clan was ennobled with thekazoku peerage title of viscount in 1884. In 1891, Shimazu Tadahiro was elevated to Count. Shimazu Hisanaga, the spouse ofEmperor Shōwa's daughterTakako, was his descendant.
Sadowara Domain had an unusual social structure created by the seconddaimyō, Shimazu Tadaoki. Originally it was intended to fostermartial arts and to strength the domain's samurai against attacks fromObi Domain or even Satsuma Domain, it was organized into groups based on young men between the ages of 15 and 30, with associate members are between the ages of 30 and 59, each responsible for one of the four inner and five outer gates of Sadowara Castle. Each group practiced archery and horsemanship in addition toswordsmanship. However, what began as groups to strength martial arts and defenses evolved into rival political discussion groups, which were further divided by differences in the social standing of its membership. Rivalries between these groups also inflamed various riots and disturbances within the domain. It was largely in an effort to escape from the pervasive influence of these political cliques that Sadowara Domain took the unusual step of attempting to change its seat to a new castle at Hirose Castle even after the start of the Meiji period.
As with most domains in thehan system, Sadowara Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assignedkokudaka, based on periodiccadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields, g.[4][5]
| # | Name | Tenure | Courtesy title | Court Rank | kokudaka |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shimazu clan, 1603-1871 (Tozama daimyo) | |||||
| 1 | Shimazu Mochihisa (島津以久) | 1603 - 1610 | Uma-no-kami (右馬頭) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 30,000koku |
| 2 | Shimazu Tadaoki (島津忠興) | 1610 - 1637 | Uma-no-kami (右馬頭) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 30,000koku |
| 3 | Shimazu Hisataka (島津久雄) | 1637 - 1663 | Uma-no-kami (飛騨守) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 30,000koku |
| 4 | Shimazu Tadataka (島津忠高) | 1663 - 1676 | Hida-no-kami (右馬頭) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 30,000koku |
| 5 | Shimazu Hisatoshi (島津久寿) | 1676 - 1690 | Shikibu-no-sho (式部少輔) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 30,000 -->27,000koku |
| 6 | Shimazu Korehisa (島津惟久) | 1690 - 1723 | Shikibu-no-kami (備後守) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 27,000koku |
| 7 | Shimazu Tamamasa (島津忠雅) | 1723 - 1753 | Awaji-no-kami (淡路守) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 27,000koku |
| 8 | Shimazu Hisamoto (島津久柄) | 1753 - 1785 | Kaga-no-kami (加賀守) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 27,000koku |
| 9 | Shimazu Tadamochi (島津忠持) | 1785 - 1816 | Awaji-no-kami (淡路守) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 27,000koku |
| 10 | Shimazu Tadayuki (島津忠徹) | 1816 - 1839 | Awaji-no-kami (淡路守) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 27,000koku |
| 11 | Shimazu Tadahiro (島津忠寛) | 1839 - 1871 | Awaji-no-kami (淡路守) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 27,000koku |
Authority control databases: National |
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