Thesack of Rome of May1084 was aNorman sack, the result of thepope's call for aid from theduke of Apulia,Robert Guiscard.^[1]

Pope Gregory VII was besieged in theCastel Sant'Angelo by theHoly Roman EmperorHenry IV in June 1083. He held out and called for aid from Guiscard, who was then fighting theByzantine EmperorAlexios I Komnenos in theBalkans. He returned, however, to theItalian Peninsula and marched north with 36,000 men. He entered Rome and forced Henry to retreat, but a riot of the citizens led to a three days sack, after which Guiscard escorted the pope to theLateran.^[2] The Normans had mainly pillaged the old city, which was then one of the richest cities in Italy. After days of unending violence, the Romans rose up and caused the Normans to set fire to the city. Many of the buildings of Rome were gutted on theCapitoline andPalatinehills along with the area between theColosseum and the Lateran. In the end the ravaged Roman populace succumbed to the Normans.

• Italo-Normans
• History of Rome

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