 Crash site and debris | |
| Accident | |
|---|---|
| Date | 15 February 1961 |
| Summary | Loss of control for undetermined reasons (possible mechanical failure) |
| Site | |
 | |
| Total fatalities | 73 |
| Total injuries | 1 |
| Aircraft | |
 OO-SJB, the aircraft involved in the accident, atManchester Airport on 28 May 1960. The ventral vane would not be added until January 11, 1961. | |
| Aircraft type | Boeing 707-329 |
| Operator | Sabena |
| IATA flight No. | SN548 |
| ICAO flight No. | SAB548 |
| Call sign | SABENA 548 |
| Registration | OO-SJB[1] |
| Flight origin | Idlewild Airport, New York |
| Destination | Brussels Airport,Zaventem |
| Occupants | 72 |
| Passengers | 61 |
| Crew | 11 |
| Fatalities | 72 |
| Survivors | 0 |
| Ground casualties | |
| Ground fatalities | 1 |
| Ground injuries | 1 |
Sabena Flight 548 was a scheduled international passenger flight fromIdlewild Airport inNew York City toBrussels Airport in Belgium. On 15 February 1961, theBoeing 707-329 operating the flight crashed on approach toBrussels Airport, killing all 72 people on board and one person on the ground.[1][2] The fatalities included the entireUnited States figure skating team, which was traveling to theWorld Figure Skating Championships inPrague, Czechoslovakia.[3][4] The precise cause of the crash remains unknown; the most likely explanation was thought to be a failure of the mechanism that adjusts thetail stabilizer.[1]
This was the first fatal accident involving a Boeing 707 in regular passenger service; it happened 28 months after the 707 airliner had been placed into commercial use.[a] It remains the deadliest plane crash to have occurred on Belgian soil.[1]
There were 11 crew members on board the flight.[2] The two pilots, 43-year old Louis Lambrechts (15,384 flight hours) and 48-year old Jean Roy (16,231 flight hours), were both former military pilots.[5][6] There were no difficulties reported during the seven-and-one-half hour transatlantic flight from New York,[7] although the flight crew lost radio contact with the Brussels airport about 20 minutes before approaching to land.[8]
Under clear skies, at about 10:00 Brussels time (CET; 09:00 UTC),[9] the Boeing 707 was on a long approach to Runway 20 when, near the runway threshold and at a height of 900 feet (270 m), power was increased and the landing gear retracted.[4] The airplane had been forced to cancel its final approach, as a small plane had not yet cleared the runway.[8] The 707 circled the airport and again attempted to land on the adjoining Runway 25, which was not operational,[5] but this second approach was also aborted. Witnesses observed that the pilots were fighting for control of the aircraft, making a desperate attempt to land despite the fact that a mechanical malfunction was preventing them from performing a normal landing.[5] The plane circled the airfield three times altogether,[7] and the plane'sbank angle gradually increased until the aircraft had climbed to 1,500 feet (460 m) and was in a near vertical bank. It then leveled its wings, pitched up abruptly, lost speed and spiraled rapidly, nose-down,[4] plunging into the ground less than two miles (3 km) from the airport at 10:05 CET (09:05 UTC).[1][7]
The location of the crash was a marshy area adjacent to farmland nearBerg, four miles northeast of Brussels.[5][9] Eyewitnesses said that the plane exploded when it struck the ground, and heavy black smoke was seen emanating from the wreckage, which had burst into flames.[7] Theo de Laet, a young farmer and noted amateur cyclist who was working in a field near the crash site, was killed by a piece of aluminum shrapnel from the plane. Another field worker, Marcel Lauwers, was struck by flying debris that necessitated the partial amputation of his leg.[5][10]
Father Joseph Cuyt, a localpriest who had been observing the airplane as it approached to land, rushed to the scene but was repelled by the intense heat of the fire.[9] Airport rescue vehicles arrived at the crash site almost immediately, but the plane was already engulfed in flames.[5]
Baudouin I, King of the Belgians, and his consortQueen Fabiola traveled to the scene of the disaster[10] to provide comfort to the bereaved families. They donated oak coffins bearing the royal seal to transport the bodies back to their homes.[4]
All 18 members of the 1961 American figure skating team, traveling to theWorld Figure Skating Championships inPrague, were killed,[7] as well as 16 others who were accompanying them, including family members,coaches and skatingofficials.[11] Among the fatalities were nine-time U.S. ladies' champion-turned-coachMaribel Vinson-Owen and her two daughters: reigning U.S. ladies' championLaurence Owen, age 16, and her 20-year-old sister, reigning U.S. pairs championMaribel Owen.[7][12] Both had won gold medals at the1961 U.S. Figure Skating Championships inColorado Springs, Colorado, just two weeks earlier. Laurence Owen appeared on thecover of the 13 February issue ofSports Illustrated[13] just two days before her death.
Maribel Owen's pairs champion partnerDudley Richards and reigning U.S. men's championBradley Lord were also killed, along with U.S.ice dance championsDiane Sherbloom andLarry Pierce. Also killed were U.S. men's silver medalistGregory Kelley, U.S. ladies' silver medalistStephanie Westerfeld and U.S. ladies' bronze medalistRhode Lee Michelson.[14]
Some national teams had already arrived in Prague.[11][15] The competition's organizers initially confirmed that the event would proceed,[16] but theInternational Skating Union conducted a poll on 16 February regarding the most appropriate course of action,[7] and the voters elected to cancel the event.[15] A telegram was sent from ISU headquarters reading: "In view of the tragic death of 44[sic] American skaters and officials the 1961 world championship will not be held."[16] Prague was awarded the event forthe following year.
The figure skating team was mourned across the U.S., and national newspapers carried the story on front pages.[17]
In office for less than a month,PresidentJohn F. Kennedy issued a statement of condolence from theWhite House reading: "Our country has sustained a great loss of talent and grace which had brought pleasure to people all over the world. Mrs. Kennedy and I extend our deepest sympathy to the families and friends of all the passengers and crew who died in this crash."[17] Kennedy was personally affected by the tragedy, as pairs skater Dudley Richards was a friend with whom he had spent summers inHyannis Port, Massachusetts.
The disaster struck a severe blow to the American figure skating program, which had dominated the sport throughout the 1950s.Frank Shumway, who had recently become vice president ofU.S. Figure Skating, predicted that it would take as long as four years for the U.S. to regain its world prominence in the sport.[17]
Barbara Roles, the 1960 Olympic bronze medalist, felt obligated to abandon her retirement and won a gold medal at the 1962 U.S. Championships, less than eight months after giving birth to her first child.[4] Some of the younger American figure skaters progressed more quickly than usual given the lack of senior skaters competing in the field.Scott Allen won a silver medal at the 1962 U.S. Championships when he was just 12 years old, and then won a bronze medal at the1964 Winter Olympics the week of his 15th birthday, becoming one of the youngest Olympic medalists in history.[4] It was not until1965 that the U.S. began to win medals at the World Championships again,[15] and the U.S. did not regain international prominence in figure skating until the1968 Winter Olympics whenPeggy Fleming won gold in the ladies' event andTim Wood won silver in the men's.
As the fatalities included many top American coaches as well as the skating team, the tragedy was also indirectly responsible for bringing foreign coaches to the U.S. to fill the vacuum that was left behind. U.S. team coach William Kipp, who was killed in the crash,[18] was replaced by British former world champion pairs skaterJohn Nicks in the fall of 1961. Italian world bronze medalistCarlo Fassi also relocated from overseas to help rebuild the American figure skating program.[4]
The disaster prompted U.S. Figure Skating executives to issue a mandate that still applies today: no team traveling to an international competition is permitted to fly together.[4]
TheBelgian government immediately ordered a full inquiry into the cause of the accident,[2] and an investigation was conducted by the Belgian national authorities, the United StatesFederal Aviation Administration (FAA) and theInternational Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).[5] Investigators spent several months examining the evidence. TheFBI reportedly considered the possibility ofterrorism.[4]
The exact cause of the crash was never fully determined, but the authorities eventually agreed that the most likely explanation was a mechanical failure of one of theflight-control mechanisms,[4] probably a malfunction of either thewing spoilers or the tailstabilizers.[5] Although there was insufficient evidence to prove beyond reasonable doubt which of the flight systems had malfunctioned,[1] the FAA felt that the tail stabilizer-adjusting mechanism had failed, allowing the stabilizer to run to the "10.5deg nose-up position."[1]
A total of 34 members of the U.S. figure skating delegation were aboard the flight,[4] almost half the plane's occupants. The 18 figure skaters were accompanied by six coaches, the team manager, two judges, one referee, and six family members.[14][19][20][21]
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Within days of the tragedy, the U.S. Figure Skating Executive Committee established the 1961 U.S. Figure Skating Memorial Fund to honor the 18 team members and their entourage who died in the crash.[22] The fund's mission was to help rebuild the U.S. figure skating program[4] by providing financial support for promising young skaters.[5] In March 1961, a benefit was held atBoston Garden to raise money for the fund.[15] Among the fund's first beneficiaries was 12-year-oldPeggy Fleming, whose coach William Kipp had died in the crash. Fleming won the gold medal at the1968 Winter Olympics.[23]
The 40th anniversary of the crash was marked by the 10 February 2001 unveiling of a five-foot-high (1.5 m) stone monument in Berg-Kampenhout,[10] close to the scene of the tragedy.[5]
In 2009, U.S. Figure Skating commissioned the production of a full-length feature documentary film titledRISE to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the crash.[24][25]RISE was shown in American theaters on 17 February and 7 March 2011.[24] Proceeds from the film were donated to the U.S. Figure Skating Memorial Fund.[5][25] The film was aired on theVersus television network on 22 October 2011.
In January 2011, the members of the 1961 U.S. figure skating team were inducted into theU.S. Skating Hall of Fame in a special ceremony at the2011 U.S. Figure Skating Championships inGreensboro, North Carolina.[4] All 18 team members were inducted, along with the six coaches: Linda Hadley, William Kipp, Maribel Vinson-Owen, Daniel Ryan, Edi Scholdan and William Swallender.[21]
Vinson-Owen Elementary School inWinchester, Massachusetts is named in honor of Vinson-Owen and her two daughters who died in the accident.[26] It ranks consistently among the top schools inGreater Boston.[15]
The plane crash that killed the 1961 U.S. world championship figure skating team decimated families and the sport, but alongside grief came renewal.
Something must have been wrong in the cockpit: for the last 20 minutes of flight, Pilot Louis Lambrechts did not contact Brussels Airport. He made a wheels-down approach, but went round again, possibly because a Caravelle jet was taking off. (from Feb. 24, 1961 issue ofTime)
