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Saale

Coordinates:50°07′14″N11°49′50″E / 50.12056°N 11.83056°E /50.12056; 11.83056
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
River in Germany
This article is about the river of Bavaria, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt. For other uses and other rivers with the same name, seeSaale (disambiguation).

Saale
The Saale valley near Hof
The Saale has its source in theFichtel Mountains in northeasternFranconia (Bavaria) and flows into theElbe atBarby,Saxony-Anhalt.
Map
Location
CountryGermany
States
Reference no.DE: 56
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationnearZell im Fichtelgebirge
 • coordinates50°07′14″N11°49′50″E / 50.12056°N 11.83056°E /50.12056; 11.83056
 • elevation728 m above sea level (NN)
Mouth 
 • location
nearBarby into theElbe
 • coordinates
51°57′17″N11°54′50″E / 51.95472°N 11.91389°E /51.95472; 11.91389
 • elevation
49.5 m above sea level (NN)
Length413 km (257 mi)[1]
Basin size24,167 km2 (9,331 sq mi)[1]
Discharge 
 • average115 m3/s (4,100 cu ft/s)
Basin features
ProgressionElbe→North Sea
Landmarks
Tributaries 
 • leftSchwarza,Ilm,Unstrut,Salza,Wipper,Bode
 • rightWhite Elster,Orla,Southern andNorthern Regnitz
BridgesSaale bridge, Rudolphstein,
Old Saale bridge, Jena-Burgau
Inland portsHafen Halle (Saale), Sophienhafen in Halle (Saale)
NavigableFrom its mouth toBad Dürrenberg; for Europa ships to Halle-Trotha[2]

TheSaale (German pronunciation:[ˈzaːlə]ⓘ), also known as theSaxon Saale (German:Sächsische Saalepronounced[ˈzɛksɪʃəˈzaːlə]ⓘ) andThuringian Saale (German:Thüringische Saale), is a river inGermany and a left-banktributary of theElbe. It is not to be confused with the smallerFranconian Saale, a right-bank tributary of theMain, or theSaale inLower Saxony, a tributary of theLeine.

Etymology

[edit]

The nameSaale comes from theProto-Indo-European root*séles 'marsh', akin toWelshhêl, heledd 'river meadow',Cornishheyl 'estuary',Greekhélos 'marsh, meadow',Sanskritsáras 'lake, pond',Sárasvati 'sacred river',Old PersianHarauvati 'Hārūt River;Arachosia',AvestanHaraxvatī, idem. It may also be related to the Indo-European root *sal, "salt".[3]

The Slavic name of the Saale,Solawa, still found inSorbian texts, comes fromOld High Germansol, "salt", andawa, "water".[4]

Course

[edit]
Saale inBad Kösen

The Saale originates on the slope of theGroßer Waldstein mountain nearZell in theFichtel Mountains inUpper Franconia (Bavaria), at an elevation of 728 metres (2,388 ft). It pursues a winding course in a northern direction, and after passing the manufacturing town ofHof, entersThuringia. It flows amid well-wooded low mountains of theThuringian Forest until it reaches the valley ofSaalfeld. After leaving Saalfeld the Saale reachesRudolstadt. Here it receives the waters of theSchwarza, in whose valley lies the ruined castle ofSchwarzburg, the ancestral seat of the formerly rulingHouse of Schwarzburg.[5]

From Saalfeld, the Saale enters the limestone hill region north of the Thuringian Forest, and sweeps beneath the hills enclosing theuniversity town ofJena. It entersSaxony-Anhalt and passes the spa ofBad Kösen and, after receiving the deep and navigableUnstrut atNaumburg, flows pastWeißenfels,Merseburg,Halle,Bernburg andCalbe. It finally joins the Elbe just aboveBarby,[5] after traversing a distance of 413 kilometres (257 mi)[1]—shortened 14 kilometres (9 mi) by a bypass from its natural length of 427 kilometres (265 mi).

The Saale is navigable from Naumburg and is also planned connected fromLeuna with theWhite Elster nearLeipzig by an unfinished canal. The soil of the lower part of its valley is exceptionally fertile, and produces, amongst other crops, large quantities ofsugar beet. Among its tributaries are the White Elster,Southern andNorthern Regnitz andOrla on the right bank, and theIlm, Unstrut,Salza,Wipper andBode on the left. Its upper course is rapid. Its valley, down to Merseburg, contains many castles which crown the enclosing heights.[5]

Geography

[edit]

Originating inZell, the Saale flows through –Sparneck –Weißdorf – Seulbitz – Förbau –Schwarzenbach an der Saale – Fattigau –Oberkotzau –Hof – Brunnenthal – Saalenstein – Joditz – Landesgrenze Bayern/Thüringen –Hirschberg –Sparnberg – Rudolphstein –Blankenberg –Blankenstein –Harra – Saaldorf –Saalburg – Poeritzsch – Gräfenwarth –Burgk – Walsburg –Ziegenrück – Neidenberga –Hohenwarte –Eichicht –Kaulsdorf – Fischersdorf – Weischwitz – Reschwitz –Breternitz –Saalfeld – Schwarza – Volkstedt –Rudolstadt – Catharinau – Kolkwitz – Weißen –Uhlstädt – Rückersdorf – Zeutsch – Niederkrossen –Orlamünde –Freienorla –Großeutersdorf –Kleineutersdorf –Kahla –Großpürschütz – Jägersdorf –Rothenstein – Maua – Lobeda –Jena – Zwätzen – Porstendorf –Dornburg –Dorndorf-Steudnitz –Wichmar –Camburg – Tümpling –Großheringen – Kleinheringen – Landesgrenze Thüringen/Sachsen-Anhalt – Stendorf – Saaleck –Bad Kösen –Naumburg – Schellsitz - Schönburg – Eulau –Goseck –Leißling – Lobitzsch –Uichteritz – Markweben –Weißenfels – Dehlitz –Schkortleben – Kleinkorbetha –Großkorbetha –Oebles-Schlechtewitz –Wengelsdorf –Bad Dürrenberg – Kröllwitz –Leuna – Trebnitz –Merseburg – Meuschau – Freiimfelde –Schkopau – Korbetha – Hohenweiden – Rockendorf – Holleben –Halle – Kröllwitz – Lettin –Brachwitz – Schiepzig –Salzmünde – Pfützthal –Döblitz – Zaschwitz –Wettin –Kloschwitz – Rumpin – Dobis –Friedeburg – Zickeritz –Rothenburg – Nelben – Gnölbzig – Trebnitz –Alsleben – Poplitz – Großwirschleben –Plötzkau –Gröna – Neuborna –Bernburg – Dröbel –Nienburg –Wedlitz – Damaschkeplan – Wispitz –Calbe (Saale) – Trabitz –Groß Rosenburg – Werkleitz

Tributaries

[edit]

Left:

Right:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcMichael Bergemann (1 July 2015)."Gesamtliste der Fließgewässer im Elbeeinzugsgebiet"(PDF; 791 kB) (in German). Arbeitsgemeinschaft für die Reinhaltung der Elbe. Retrieved21 March 2018.
  2. ^"Federal Water and Navigation Authority". Archived fromthe original on 13 February 2010. Retrieved9 May 2010.
  3. ^Thomas V. Gamkrelidze; Vjaceslav V. Ivanov (15 December 2010).Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Part I: The Text. Part II: Bibliography, Indexes. Walter de Gruyter. p. 581.ISBN 978-3-11-081503-0.
  4. ^Georg Jacob (1894).Die Ortsnamen des Herzogthums Meiningen. Kesselring. p. 55.
  5. ^abcChisholm 1911.

Sources

[edit]
  • Ernst-Otto Luthardt, Reinhard Feldrapp:An der Saale. Vom Fichtelgebirge durch Thüringen bis zur Elbe. Würzburg 1990.ISBN 3-8035-1335-9
  • Wolf Thieme, Markus Altmann (Fotos):Mitten ins Herz. Sie entspringt in Bayern, durchquert Thüringen und fließt in Sachsen-Anhalt in die Elbe – die Saale ist ein Fluss, der alles verbindet. Und jedem Spaß macht: dem Sportler, dem Kulturfreund, dem Faulenzer. In:stern Nr. 26 (22. Juni 2006), S. 84-89. (Online-Version)
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Saale".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 953.

External links

[edit]
  • Media related toSaale at Wikimedia Commons
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