| SMK | |
|---|---|
 The Soviet SMK heavy tank | |
| Type | Heavy tank |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1939 (prototype) |
| Used by | Soviet Union |
| Wars | Winter War |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | Kirov Plant |
| Produced | 1939 |
| No. built | 1 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 55 t (54 long tons) |
| Length | 8.75 m (28 ft 8 in) |
| Width | 3.36 m (11 ft 0 in) |
| Height | 3.35 m (11 ft 0 in) |
| Crew | 7 |
| Armor | 20-60 mm |
Main armament | 45 mm gun M1932 (forward turret),76.2 mm gun L-11 (main, or rear-most turret) |
Secondary armament | 3×7.62 mm DT MG |
| Engine | GAM-34BT 850 hp |
| Power/weight | 15.5 hp/t |
| Suspension | Torsion bar |
| Ground clearance | 0.5 m (1 ft 8 in) |
| Fuel capacity | 1,320 l |
Operational range | 220 km (140 mi) |
| Maximum speed | 35 km/h (22 mph) |
TheSMK was an armored vehicle prototype developed by theSoviet Union prior to theSecond World War. It was named afterSergei Mironovich Kirov, a Communist Party official assassinated in 1934. The SMK was discovered and classified by German intelligence as the T-35C, leading to the misunderstanding that theT-35 took part in the Winter War.[1]
Only one was built and after a trial showing the downsides of its weight and size against theKV tank and brief use in the war with Finland, the project was dropped.
The SMK was among the designs competing to replace the unreliable and expensiveT-35 multi-turreted heavy tank. A design team underJosef Kotin at theKirovski Works (formerly thePutilov Works) at Leningrad designed the tank. Competition came from the formerOKMO designer N. Barykov at theBolshevik Plant with theirT-100 tank.
In spite of the lessons that could have been learned during the Spanish Civil War, the specification drawn up for the "Anti-Tank Gun Destroyer" in 1937 required the ability to withstand 45 mm anti-tank guns at point-blank range and 75 mm artillery fire at 1,200 m (1,300 yd).[2]
Meetings in 1938 reduced the number of turrets in the specification and a move totorsion bar from spring suspension. Kotin and his assistant independently designed a single-turret version of the SMK which received Stalin's approval and the nameKV. Production of two prototypes was ordered.
The SMK's armament was a short 76.2 mm gun in the upper centrally placed turret and a 45 mm weapon in the forward turret.
The SMK, the twoKV-1 prototypes and the twoT-100 prototypes were put through proving trials before being tested operationally in combat at theBattle of Summa during theWinter War against Finland. The vehicles formed a company of the 91st Tank Battalion of the 20th Heavy Tank Brigade. The unit was under the command of the son of the Defence Commissar. While the SMK had thick enough armor to protect the crew from Finnish cannons and machine guns, its extremely long hull made turning difficult, especially in the dense forests where the Winter War took place. After being immobilized by a mine, the SMK had to be abandoned and was not recovered for two months.
TheKV-1 andKV-2 designs proved superior in both trials in Finland and were accepted.
| Location | Front | Side | Rear | Top/bottom |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hull | 60 mm at a 45° angle (nose) 40 mm at a 15° angle (glacis) 60 mm at a 55° angle (driver) | 60 mm at a 75-90° angle | 60 mm round (lower) 60 mm at a 60° angle 20 mm at a 15° angle (engine) | 20–30 mm flat (bottom) 20 mm flat (top) |
| Upper Turret | 60 mm at a 75° angle and round | 60 mm at a 75° angle | 60 mm at an 80° angle | 20 mm at a 0-15° angle |
| Lower Turret | 60 mm at a 75° angle and round | 60 mm at a 75° angle | 60 mm at an 80° angle | 20 mm flat to a 15° angle |