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System Management BIOS

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromSMBIOS)
Computing specification
Not to be confused withDMI.
System Management BIOS
AbbreviationSMBIOS
StatusPublished
Year started1999; 27 years ago (1999)
Latest version3.9.0
August 19, 2025; 6 months ago (2025-08-19)
OrganizationDistributed Management Task Force (DMTF)
Related standardsCommon Information Model (CIM),Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM),Redfish
DomainSystems management
Websitewww.dmtf.org/standards/smbios

Incomputing, theSystem Management BIOS (SMBIOS) specification definesdata structures (and access methods) that can be used to read management information produced by theBIOS of acomputer.[1] This eliminates the need for theoperating system to probe hardware directly to discover what devices are present in the computer. The SMBIOS specification is produced by theDistributed Management Task Force (DMTF), a non-profitstandards development organization. The DMTF estimates that two billion client and server systems implement SMBIOS.[2]

SMBIOS was originally known as Desktop Management BIOS (DMIBIOS), since it interacted with theDesktop Management Interface (DMI).[3]

History

[edit]

Version 1 of the Desktop Management BIOS (DMIBIOS) specification was produced byPhoenix Technologies in or before 1996.[4][5]

Version 2.0 of the Desktop Management BIOS specification was released on March 6, 1996 byAmerican Megatrends (AMI),Award Software,Dell,Intel, Phoenix Technologies, andSystemSoft Corporation. It introduced 16-bit plug-and-play functions used to access the structures from Windows 95.[6]

The last version to be published directly by vendors was 2.3 on August 12, 1998. The authors were American Megatrends, Award Software,Compaq, Dell,Hewlett-Packard, Intel,International Business Machines (IBM), Phoenix Technologies, and SystemSoft Corporation.

Circa 1999, theDistributed Management Task Force (DMTF) took ownership of the specification. The first version published by the DMTF was 2.3.1 on March 16, 1999. At approximately the same timeMicrosoft started to require thatOEMs and BIOS vendors support the interface/data-set in order to have Microsoftcertification.

Version 3.0.0, introduced in February 2015, added a 64-bit entry point, which can coexist with the previously defined 32-bit entry point.

The latest version 3.9.0 was released in August 2025.[7]

Contents

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The SMBIOS table consists of an entry point (two types are defined, 32-bit and 64-bit), and a variable number of structures that describe platform components and features. These structures are occasionally referred to as "tables" or "records" in third-party documentation.

Structure types

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As of version 3.3.0, the SMBIOS specification defines the following structure types:[8][9]

TypeDescription
0BIOS Information
1System Information
2Baseboard (or Module) Information
3System Enclosure or Chassis
4Processor Information
5Memory Controller Information (Obsolete)
6Memory Module Information (Obsolete)
7Cache Information
8Port Connector Information
9System Slots
10On Board Devices Information
11OEM Strings
12System Configuration Options
13BIOS Language Information
14Group Associations
15System Event Log
16Physical Memory Array
17Memory Device
1832-Bit Memory Error Information
19Memory Array-Mapped Address
20Memory Device-Mapped Address
21Built-in Pointing Device
22Portable Battery
23System Reset
24Hardware Security
25System Power Controls
26Voltage Probe
27Cooling Device
28Temperature Probe
29Electrical Current Probe
30Out-of-Band Remote Access
31Boot Integrity Services (BIS) Entry Point
32System Boot Information
3364-Bit Memory Error Information
34Management Device
35Management Device Component
36Management Device Threshold Data
37Memory Channel
38IPMI Device Information
39System Power Supply
40Additional Information
41Onboard Devices Extended Information
42Management Controller Host Interface
43TPM Device
44Processor Additional Information
126Inactive
127End-of-Table
128–255Available for system- and OEM- specific information
129Intel ASF
130Intel AMT
131Intel Management Engine

Accessing SMBIOS data

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The EFI configuration table (EFI_CONFIGURATION_TABLE) contains entries pointing to the SMBIOS 2 and/or SMBIOS 3 tables.[10] There are several ways to access the data, depending on the platform and operating system.

From UEFI

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In theUEFI Shell, theSmbiosView command can retrieve and display the SMBIOS data.[11][12] One can often enter the UEFI shell by entering the system firmware settings, and then selecting the shell as a boot option (as opposed to a DVD drive or hard drive).

From Unix

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ForLinux,FreeBSD, etc., thedmidecode utility can be used.

From Windows

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Microsoft specifiesWMI as the preferred mechanism for accessing SMBIOS information fromMicrosoft Windows.[13][14]

On Windows systems that support it (XP and later), some SMBIOS information can be viewed with either theWMIC utility with 'BIOS'/'MEMORYCHIP'/'BASEBOARD' and similar parameters, or by looking in the Windows Registry under HKLM\HARDWARE\DESCRIPTION\System.

Various software utilities can retrieve raw SMBIOS data, including FirmwareTablesView[15] andAIDA64.

Generating SMBIOS data

[edit]

Table and structure creation is normally up to the system firmware/BIOS. TheUEFI Platform Initialization (PI) specification includes an SMBIOS protocol (EFI_SMBIOS_PROTOCOL) that allows components to submit SMBIOS structures for inclusion, and enables the producer to create the SMBIOS table for a platform.[16]

Platform virtualization software can also generate SMBIOS tables for use inside VMs, for instanceQEMU.[17]

If the SMBIOS data is not generated and filled correctly then the machine may behave unexpectedly. For example, aMini PC that advertisesChassis Information | Type = Tablet may behave unexpectedly using Linux. A desktop manager likeGNOME will attempt to monitor a non-existent battery and shut down the screen and network interfaces when the missing battery drops below a threshold. Additionally, if theChassis Information | Manufacturer is not filled in correctly then work-arounds for the incorrectType = Tablet problem cannot be applied.[18]

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Libsmbios Library Documentation".dell.com. 2007-04-11. Archived fromthe original on 2016-09-18. Retrieved2016-02-02.
  2. ^DMTF press release on SMBIOS 3.2:https://www.dmtf.org/content/dmtf-releases-smbios-32
  3. ^"Desktop Management BIOS Specification, Version 2.0"(PDF).uni-regensburg.de. 1996-03-06. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2017-02-13. Retrieved2016-02-02.
  4. ^"Phoenix BIOS help and support".
  5. ^"Phoenix Technologies Produces the First Commercially Available IBM PC Compatible ROM Bios : History of Information".
  6. ^"Desktop Management BIOS Specification, Version 2.0"(PDF).uni-regensburg.de. 1996-03-06. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2017-02-13. Retrieved2016-02-02.
  7. ^"DMTF Releases SMBIOS 3.9 | DMTF".www.dmtf.org. Retrieved2025-12-09.
  8. ^Ken Hess (2010-04-23)."Linux System Information Decoded".linux-mag.com. Archived from the original on July 17, 2010. Retrieved2016-02-02.
  9. ^SMBIOS Specification, version 3.3.0, Sep 2019,https://www.dmtf.org/sites/default/files/standards/documents/DSP0134_3.3.0.pdf
  10. ^UEFI Specification, version 2.6, section 4.6
  11. ^"smbiosview (HP UEFI System Utilities and Shell Command Mobile Help for HP ProLiant Gen9 Servers)".hp.com. 2015-09-22. Retrieved2016-02-02.
  12. ^"Tianocore /edk2/ShellPkg/Library/UefiShellDebug1CommandsLib/SmbiosView".sourceforge.net. Retrieved2015-01-27.
  13. ^wjfrancis (2008-03-27)."SMBIOS Peek - CodeProject". Codeproject.com. Retrieved2012-05-12.
  14. ^SMBIOS Support in Windows, Microsoft paper, updated April 25, 2005
  15. ^"FirmwareTablesView".NirSoft. Retrieved2020-12-02.
  16. ^Platform Initialization Specification, volume 5, section 6,SMBIOS Protocol
  17. ^QEMU version 2.12.50 User Documentation,https://qemu.weilnetz.de/doc/qemu-doc.htmlArchived 2019-04-27 at theWayback Machine
  18. ^"5 to 20 minutes shutdowns on Cherry Trail machine".Red Hat Issue Tracker. March 21, 2019. RetrievedMarch 21, 2019.

External links

[edit]
Standards ofDMTF
DMTF standards
Related standards
Implementations
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